@article{ author = {Hajigholamali, M and Jafari, M and Asgari, A.R and HajiHossaini, R and Abasnejad, M and Salehi, M and Salimian, M}, title = {Effect of Paraoxon on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Liver of Rat}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The toxic effects of some organophosphate pesticides (OPs) which are capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant systems. Paraoxon is an OP that is the active form parathion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of paraoxon on liver antioxidant system of rat. Materials and Methods: Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control (paraoxon solvent), and three groups receiving different doses of paraoxon (0.3, 0.7 and 1 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Animal were anesthetized and liver tissue removed 24 hours after injection. After hemogenation of liver tissue Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT), Lactate Dehydrogenese (LDH) and Glutathione S- Transferase (GST) activities, Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. Results: Paraoxon increased CAT, LDH and SOD activities and MDA level at doses higher than 0.3 mg/kg, while GSH level was decreased significantly, as compare with the control group. GST activity was increased significantly at 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg concentration (P<0.05), but at 1 mg/kg concentration was decreased as compare with the control group. Conclusion: Probably Paraoxon induced the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose- dependent manner. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes of liver is due to increase the detoxification capacity. Decrease of tissue GSH content indicatives of oxidative tissue injury and the increase of MDA level indicatives per oxidation that occurs in membranes of liver.}, Keywords = {Antioxidants , Lipid per oxidation , Liver, Paraoxon , Rats }, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mahfoozpour, S and Soori, H and Ainy, E and Rahmani, N and Amiri, Z and Amirshekari, G and Ashrafi, A}, title = {Survey the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) and Educational Needs Assessment of Road Traffic Injuries among Traffic Police Officers}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Determining knowledge, attitude and practice among traffic police about road traffic injuries, can improve the desired outcomes. Objective: Determination of KAP and educational needs assessment regarding road traffic injuries among traffic police officers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 185 traffic police who was randomly selected from all traffic police officers list in 2008. Data was collected by using structural questionnaire (questionnaire was validated by content validity and reliability was determined by test re test r=0.8), after a formal consent by trained experts. Educational need assessment was determined by one open question. Scores was categorized due to statistical quartiles of the subject. Results: Mean ± SD of age, was 33.4 ± 6.8 years. There was a significant deference about good knowledge between bachelor officers and other levels of education (p<0.01). There was lowest rate about knowledge (0.6%) attitude (0.6 %) and Practice (0.7 %) in Ms Level in comparison with other levels. The rate of good knowledge 63% and good practice 76% was significantly difference among middle level officers (p<0.001). There was significantly difference about good attitude between operational occupations with other occupations (p<0.005). High priority allocated to improvement of scientific information about educational need assessment at the level of world. Conclusion: The findings showed the traffic polices need to planning for improvement traffic injuries education especially in senior officers, MS and upper degree of officers. Suitable educational planning and its continuity is a key issue to reduction of traffic injuries reduction.}, Keywords = {Accidents Traffic, Knowledge- Attitude- Practice, Police}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {11-17}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kia, S.J and Ghodsian, B}, title = {Survey the Knowledge of General Dental Practitioners about Coagulation Tests and Bleeding Disorders}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Dentists encountered to bleeding disorders in dental clinic. So they must be aware of dental management of them. Patients dental and medical evaluation is necessary especially when treatment has potential bleeding risk. Objective: To determine of knowledge and behavior of general dental Practitioner about coagulation tests and bleeding disorders in Rasht in year of 2009. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study were evaluated 102 general dentists (66 males and 36 females). The structured questionnaire was used consisted of 3 sections: first section was about what dental procedure need to more attention? Second section was about laboratory tests and their normal range in dental procedure and third section evaluated behavior of dentists about bleeding disorders. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by professors of oral disease department. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square Test. Results: Maximum total score was 24 of 25 questions. The mean age of studied group and the duration after graduation time was 38.8±9.35 and 13.46±8.1 years respectively. %43.1 of dentists had poor knowledge, %44.1 of them had moderate knowledge and %12.8 of them had good knowledge. The knowledge of dentists was decreased significantly with increasing of age and duration after graduation. Conclusion: The results showed the low knowledge about bleeding disorders between general dentists. So suggested to improve the knowledge of dentists according to training program and congress.}, Keywords = {Blood Coagulation Disorders , Dentists, Knowledge }, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {18-24}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Soltani, R and Kafee, S.M and Salehi, I and Karashki, H and Rezaee, S}, title = {Survey the Quality of Life in Guilan University Students}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The Quality of Life (QOL) is the very important concept according to its mediating role in mental health in recent years. Because of the students are the future managers, investigating the QOL among them is important. Objective: Survey the QOL in Guilan University Students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytic study 226 students who were selected by multiple stage randomized cluster sampling completed WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data was analyzed by t-test and pearson correlation. Results: The Findings showed that 4% of students had very good QOL, 34% had good QOL, 51% had medium level of QOL and 11% of students had low level of QOL. There was a significant difference between some dimension of QOL (medicine, somatic pain, environmental health, social care, financial resources and negative affect). Conclusion: According to the results, it suggested to measure and produce health-psychological services in various situations for improvement the level of quality of students life.}, Keywords = {Health,Quality of Life, Students }, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {25-35}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {HamidiMadani, A and Ghanbari, A and FallahManshadi, L and Emadi, S.A}, title = {Survey the Frequency of Risk Factors in Men with Erectile Dysfunction}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: A large number of men are suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (ED) which affected interpersonal relationships, family life and quality of the life. Prevalence of ED corresponded with age and underlying disorders. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, used tobacco and drugs were considered as preventable risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction. Objective: Survey on frequency of risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on men who suffering from ED more than 6 months and were referred to urology clinic of Razi hospital. All of known risk factors of ED were evaluated in the patients and a questionnaire which was filled based on risk factors and their frequencies. Descriptive and inferential statistical was used analysis tests, in the SPSS software. Results: Among 102 men with Erectile Dysfunction, only 2 men (1.9%) had no any organic or psychological risk factors. The most of these men (74%) had organic risk factors, 13% of them had organic and psychological risk factors, only 8% had psychological risk factors. 39.2% hyperlipidemia, 38.2% urologic disorders, 23.5% diabetes mellitus, 20.6% psychological disorders, 19.6% cigarette smoking, 16.7% cardiovascular disease, 11.8% hypertension, 10.8% neurologic disorders, 4.9% thyroid disorders, 2.9% hypogonadism alone or with another risk factors were recognized in patients. Conclusion: The most of these men (98%) had organic/psychological or mixed risk factors as cause or causes which interference ED. Considering to common pathophysiological mechanisms and coexistent risk factors, ED can be a silent sign for a lot of underlying comorbidity. Determineing these risk factors (especially variable risk factors) is necessary to correction these risk factors, prevention of comorbidity, and promotion of quality of life in these patients which is one of the goals of WHO today.}, Keywords = { Cardiovascular Disease, Erectile Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia , Risk Factors}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {36-45}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Asgharnia, M and Mirblouk, F and Faraji, R}, title = {Knowledge of Post Partum Women about Oral Health}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Hormonal changes during pregnancy predispose women to gingivitis. Developed periodental infections during pregnancy caused problems for uterus and placenta and increased probable of preterm deliveries. Objective: To determine postpartum womens knowledge about oral health, and association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes and other related factors which use as dental health services during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: We carried out our research in the only teaching maternity center for gynecologic and midwifery in Rasht. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire that made from integration of similar questionnaires which were used in Kuwait, England, and USA. The questionnaires completed by midwifery graduates in face to face interviewing. The studied population was 306 women (24-48 hours after deliveries) six women were extrcted. Data was analyzed by SPSS (version 16) and presented as descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test as appropriate. Results: There was a significant difference between blood pressure and pre-eclamptic situation in women with dental problems group (p=0.048). The pre-eclamptic conditions in women with dental problems group were 7 cases among 117 women (6%) and in women with no dental problems group were 23 cases 183 women (12.5%). Conclusion: Knowledge about oral health importance and teeth brushing habit were found less than other population and dental problem more than other population. So suggested to conducting longitudinal studies accompanied with oral examinations before or during pregnancies to determine serious problems including periodentitis.}, Keywords = {Knowledge, Oral health, Pregnancy}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {46-57}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Modabernia, M.J and ShojaieTehranie, H and Falahi, M and Faghirpour, M}, title = {Normalizing SCL-90-R Inventory in Guilan High-School Students}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: SCL-90-R inventory is used for screening and assessing effect of some treatment. Its sensitivity depended on environmental factors there are many shortcomings of its normalization in our community. Objective: To normalize SCL-90-R inventory in Guilan high-school students in the years of 2003-2004. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 4015 subjects were selected of 153948 students using multistage cluster sampling. New version of Persian SCL-90_R, that its content validity and reliability were examined and proved (r=0.86) was used. We determined validity and reliability of new version and prepared normal tables. Data was processed with SPSS 11.5 and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests (α=0.05). Results: There were 2005 females and 2010 males that 1242 subjects were in 3rd grade and 1341 subjects were in 17 years age group. The most reliability coefficient found for depression with test retest (r=0.93), splitting (r=0.85) and Crunbac h alpha (r=0.85). There was a correlation between all 9 factors and with three global indices (r>0.50) and between 9 dimension of SCL-90-R and MMPI scales, that most correlation were between depression and anxiety (SCL-90-R) with neurasthenia in MMPI (r=0.59) and compulsive-obsessive, psychosis with schizophrenia (r=0.58) we found a statistical correlation between two tests (α=0.05). There was most mean and standard deviation (1.58 and 0.76 respectively) in females and in males (1.41 and 0.71 respectively) for paranoid scales. We found GSI mean and standard deviation 1.16 and 0.59 in females and 0.92 and 0.49 in males respectively with statistically significant difference (α= 0.05). Conclusion: Our new Persian version of SCL-90-R inventory has acceptable validity and reliability: and can be used as measurement a general psychological symptoms in Guilan students.}, Keywords = {Students ,Psychological Tests}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {58-65}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Saberi, A and Esmaeilzadeh, K and Heidarzadeh, A}, title = {The Relationship between Magnesium Level and Rankin Disability Score in Ischemic Stroke}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Cerebrovascular events are one of the most disabling disorders in human being and we must search for some factors that impress upon extent of tissue damage and neuronal injury that lead to the prognosis of these events and the patients abilities .One of these factors is magnesium. Objective: To investigate the relationship between magnesium level and rankin disability score at first 72hrs and 1 week after ischemic stroke and change of this score in this period of time. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 67 patients suffering from ischemic stroke in the territory of right middle cerebral artery, less than 6 hours were involved. Their serum magnesium levels were measured in the first 6 hours after stroke and their RDS0 and RDS1w were recorded. Data was analyzed by Nominal Regression Method and Repeated Measure ANOVA respectively by SPSS 17. Results: Among 67 patients (61.20% was male and 38.8% was female), the mean age of them was 69.60±13.58 years old. There was reciprocal statistical correlation between serum magnesium level and RDS0 and RDS 1w. (P=0.000 and 0.002 respectively). But there was not any significant statistical correlation between the serum magnesium level and changes of RDS in this period of time (P=0.513). Conclusion: Measurement of serum magnesium level in the first hours after ischemic stroke can be a good predictor for patients abilities at the first 72 hours and 1 week after that event.}, Keywords = {Brain Ischemia, Cerebrovasclar Accident , Magnesium‌‌‌, Prognosis }, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Vejdani, J and ZahiriSorouri, Z and Emami, A}, title = {Survey the Relationship between the Type of Delivery and Enamel Defects of the First Permanent Molars}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The enamel of the permanent first molars is initiated at about the 20th weeks in uterine. The first partially mineralized enamel matrix is laid down, starting at the sites of future cusps. At birth, the secondary mineralization has started at the cusps and the mineralization continues during the first years after birth. The researches indicated that any stressful event during birth (like cesarean section delivery) is likely to result in clinically evident enamel defects. A few researches considered the possible relation between type of delivery and enamel defects. Objective: To investigate the relationship between type of delivery and enamel defects of the first permanent molar. Materials and Methods: In this analytical historical cohort study, 120 children who were 7-8years-old and had born by cesarean delivery and 120 children at the same age who had born by normal vaginal delivery were chosen to examine clinical feature of their first permanent molars. In cesarean group, there were 60 children who had born by urgent cesarean and 60 children by elective cesarean. The birth files of 1999- 2000 years were extracted and the information about type of delivery, mothers age, and infants health at birth was collected. Enamel defect was recorded according to DDE index. Data was analyzed by T-test and x2 test. Results: Findings showed enamel defects of the first permanent molars in children who born by cesarean delivery were significantly more than children born by normal vaginal delivery (70% versus 40.8%). But there weren’t any significant relationship between the prevalence of enamel defects in two types of cesarean (30% versus 33%). Conclusion: According to results, it is necessary to explain the importance of cesarean as a cause of effective factor on child's first permanent morals and have to aware dentists and parents.}, Keywords = { Delivery, Enamel Defect, Molar }, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {73-78}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rostampey, Z and Khakbazan, Z and Golestan, B}, title = {Effect of Trained Female Relative on Active Phase Length during Labor among Low Risk Pregnancies}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: One of the most serious and stressful event in womens life is laber. They need comprehensive support to enable them to encounter with the stress of labor. Prolonged labor is associated with maternal and neonatal complications, prenatal morbidity and increase cesarean danger. Objective: To study the effect of trained female relative on active phase length during labor among low risk Pregnancies in Astara Shahid Beheshti hospital in 2009. Materials and Methods: This randomized control trial study was carried out on 90 low risk pregnant women. They were randomly divided to two 45 members groups. Both the case and control groups had socio- demographic characteristics. The case group got a support from trained relative during labor until 2 hours after delivery and control group received routine care. Data was collected by using restructured questionnaire which included length of labor, use of Oxytocin and type of delivery. Data was analyzed by x2 and T test in SPSS (11.5). Results: Finding showed there is no statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics: (mean of age was 24.3– 24.6 years old, mean of number of Pregnancy was 1.6, mean of number of delivery was 1, mean of term of Pregnancy was 273.7– 273.9 days, mean of cervix spasm was 3.44-3.7 cm, length of second stage) and kind of delivery in two groups (p<0.663). The mean duration of active phase in case group was 143.5 minute versus 253.5 minute in control group (p<0.001).The 24.5 % of case and 55.5 % of control groups used oxytocin (p=0.046). Conclusion: Labor support by a minimally trained female friend or relative who selected by the mother can be reduce the mean duration of active phase of labor.}, Keywords = {Labor ,Patient compliance ,Pregnancy ,Stress}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {79-85}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survey of Polyethylene Glycol Effects on Serum Electrolytes}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Colonoscopy and bowel preparation caused a number of serum electrolytes changes that may be dangerous in heart and kidney diseases and elderly patients. Objective: To determine the effect of serum electrolytes in patients who underwent colonoscopy and bowel preparation with PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) in Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital in 2008. Materials and Methods: Fifty nine patients who had been selected for elective colonoscopy after the detection of exclusion criteria were assessed prospectively. Serum level of sodium and potassium were analysed before bowel preparation with PEG (To), before colonoscopy (T1) and immediately after it (T2). Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were measured just before and after PEG. Results: Four patients (6.8%) did not follow the research protocol and were excluded. Four patients (6.8%) developed hyponatremia in T1 that continued in T2. There were no significant differences in prevalence of Hyponatremia and means of sodium serum levels in To, T1 and T2. Although there was a significant trend to decreased means of potassium levels of T2 versus T1 (P<0.01), but the maximum prevalence of Hypakalemia was in T1 (10.9%) with only 3.8% new Hypokaliemia in T2 and there was no significant difference. The prevalence of Hypocalcemia after PEG was 24% but there was no significant decrease. 36% of patients developed Hypophosphatemia after PEG preparation with a significant decrease in mean of serum Phosphorus level (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between electrolytes changes with age and sex. Conclusion: The serum electrolyte changes showed that preparation with PEG is a risk factor for development of Hypophosphatemia Colonoscopy and preparation with PEG may cause a significant decrease in potassium serum level}, Keywords = {Colonoscopy, Intestine, Large, Poly Ethylenglyco, Water – Electrolyte Imbalance}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {86-93}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Case Report of Anterior Cervical Mass of Thymus}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Ectopic cervical thymus is a rare cause of neck masses and can be found anywhere along its embryologic tract of descent from the angle of the mandible to the superior mediastinum, and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, especially in children. Because most cases are not symptomatic, usually remains without diagnosis. Such anomalies are rarely diagnosed pre-operatively and often revealed by pathologic examination after operation. Case history: We introduced a 12-years-old girl with a soft left cervical mass anterior to Sternocleidomastoid muscle, from four months prior to refer, with firm consistency in touch and mild pain. With the initial diagnosis of lymphadenopathy was treated with antibiotics but did not respond to treatment. The patient underwent complete excision of the lesion and histological examination that showed an ectopic thymic cyst. Conclusion: This anomaly rarely diagnosed before surgery and can be mistaken easily with other cervical masses. Surgery is curative and the disease has excellent prognosis.}, Keywords = {Neck, Tymus Gland}, volume = {19}, Number = {75}, pages = {94-98}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} }