@article{ author = {Forouhi, E}, title = {Mathematical Modelling of the Growth and Wafer Therapy of Glioblastoma}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Glioblastomas are the most malignant and most common gliomas in adults. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool for analyzing problems of tumor formation and growth. It allows one to develop and test hypotheses which can lead to a better understanding of this malignancy. Objective: To construct a mathematical model to describe the effects of genetic mutations on the growth of glioblastoma tumor cells in the absence and presence of anticancer drug carmustine released locally from polymer implants. Materials and Methods: A modified logistic equation (in both algebraic and differential forms) is proposed to describe the effect of genetic mutations on the growth of glioblatoma. The model predictions are adapted to available experimental and clinical findings. A semi – empirical equation similar to the probability density function of gamma distribution is used to describe the diffusion of carmustine from a polymer – implant (wafer) into the brain. Parameters of this equation are estimated from available experimental data for monkey brain. This equation is combined with the differential form of the above – mentioned modified logistic equation to describe the wafer therapy of glioblastoma in human brain. The prediction of this combined model is compared with the pattern of recurrence of glioblastoma reported in literatures. Results: In all cases good agreements between models prediction and experimental and clinical findings are observed. Application of the model is discussed. Conclusion: The model describes the effect of genetic mutations on the growth of glioblastoma in the absence and presence of carmustine properly. A Combination of the present model with that of Swanson and co-workers can lead to a better understanding of glioblastoma invasiveness. It is possible to use the model prospectively, optimizing the design of new experiments.}, Keywords = {Carmustine, Glioblastoma, Models- Theoretical, Mutation, Neoplasms }, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-205-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-205-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Vejdani, J and Kaboodan, M}, title = {Prevalence of Enamel Defects and Associating Factors in Permanent Incisors and First Molars in 8-9 years-old Children}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Enamel developmental defects may be classified as heritable or environmentally induced defects. Incisors and molars are usually involved. The affected molars create problems for the patients due to hyper-sensibility and caries susceptibility and often require extensive treatment. Many studies were performed to determine the prevalence of enamel defects and conflicted results have been obtained. Objective: Determine the prevalence of enamel defects and associating factors in permanent incisors and first molars in 8-9 year-old children of Rasht in 2007. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 538 students aged 8-9 years-old who were randomly selected from 16 schools in Rasht. The Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) index was used to assess permanent incisors and first molars, which were dried prior to examination and a light was used for evaluation. A questionnaire about possible etiological factors of enamel defects were sent to parents of children. Data were analyzed with SPSS software by chi-square test. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis. Results: 126(23.4%) of children had enamel defects in at least one tooth. 12.8 % had at least one affected molar. White/Cream opacity was the most common type of enamel defect. Maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected tooth. Mother’s diseases during the last trimester, urinary tract infections, diarrhea &vomiting and high-fever diseases during the first 5 yrs of life showed a high association with enamel defects. Conclusion: It is necessary to inform parents about the prevalence and etiology of the enamel defects by gynecologists, pediatricians and dentists.}, Keywords = {Child, Dental Enamel, Incisor, Molar}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {13-19}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-206-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-206-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {EbadifardAzar, F and Solhi, M and Roudbari, M and Sadeghi, A}, title = {Survey the Effect of Educational Intervention through the BASNEF Model on Preventive Behaviors According to Mental Health in Girl Adolescents}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: This study was conducted in order to considering the importance of early cognition of mental illnesses and the role of health education in mental health promotion in adolescence. Objective: Investigate the effect of educational intervention through BASNEF model on preventive behaviors according to mental health in girl adolescents. Materials and Methods: This was a Quasi- Experimental study which female students of secondary schools were randomly divided in to two groups intervention and control groups. Multi stage cluster sampling, a valid questionnaire covering demographic variables and items related to BASNEF Model- based was administered to 106 students. The intervention group composed of 11 educational sessions (60 min each) through discussion and lectures. The students were tested by questionnaire that made of different variable based on BASNEF model for one month after education. Results: Following the educational intervention, the mean score of enabling factors was significantly increased in both intervention and control groups (p<0.0001). Also a significant difference was demonstrated in the mean score of attitude and desired behaviors (p<0.0001) (p=0.005) in two groups. No significant difference was demonstrated in the average of subjective norms in intervention and control groups (p=0.896). Conclusion: The findings of current study confirmed the effectiveness of BASNEF Model- based educational intervention on the variables of enabling factors, attitude and healthy behaviors, but it seems that much more time is needed to change subjective norms.}, Keywords = {Adolescents, Mental Health }, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {20-29}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mohtavapour, and Dalili, and Zaboli, and AtrkarRoshan,}, title = {Comparison of Skin Absorbed Dose in Thyroid Gland Area of Planmeca and Cranex Tome Panoramic Machines}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The goal of health physics is to prevent the occurrence of deterministic effects and to reduce the likelihood of stochastic effects by minimizing the exposure of patients and radiation workers during radiographic examination. Regarding to panoramic radiography is the most common radiograph in the head and neck region and thyroid gland is the most sensitive area and also the extensive variety in panoramic machines, this comparative study was designed. Objective: Comparison of skin absorbed dose in thyroid gland area of planmeca and cranex tome panoramic machines. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study a dry skull and a Pocket ion-chamber dosimeter were used. At first, panoramic examination was done in different exposure conditions for small, medium, large and child patients in planmeca machine. After every exposure, the charge of dosimeter was read and recorded. These stages were repeated for Cranex Tome Machine. Then statistical analysis was performed by sample paired test with %95 confidence. Results: In both panoramic machines, the highest mean thyroid skin dose was detected in large size patient and in the highest level of exposure factors. The mean values of doses were recorded 0.11 mSV in planmeca machine and 0.14 mSV in Cranex Tome machine. There was the least mean absorbed dose in child programs and 0.03 mSV in planmeca machine and 0.02 mSV in Cranex Tome machine. There was no significant statistical difference between mean absorbed doses in patients with different size in two panoramic machines Conclusion: There was no difference between two panoramic machines for thyroid skin dose .Child program reduced thyroid skin dose definitely in both systems.}, Keywords = {Radiography- Panoramic,Radiometry,Thyroid gland}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survey Of Nosocomial Infection and Accompanied Factors in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is considered a major problem regarding nosocomial infection control. Considerig the importance of this subject and this point which this study has never performed in this province is necessity of performe of this research. Objective: To determine Nosocomial infections and accompanied factors in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at 17-Shahrivar hospital of Rasht, 2008-9. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive research and data were collected prospectively through a questionnaire and a checklist. Questionnaire was included demographic characteristic and treatmental factors. Structural and personnal factors were assisted by the checklist. In this study, samples were the same as study population and all neonates who had the characteristics of the research samples were included. Inclusion criterions consist of all of neonates that aged up to 30 days, suffering from prematurity, low weighting, hyaline membrane disease (HMD), respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), congenital anomalies and also neonates who required surgical treatment that manifested clinical infection signs after 48 hours of admission. All neonates that had clinical infection signs on admision time and suffering sepsis, meningities, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and other infections or the ones who were in incubation period were excluded from research. Nosocomial infection was diagnosed by focal point physician based on the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system (NNIS). Data was analysed by using SPSS and by means of frequency distribution tabels and graphs. Results: During the study period, 270 neonates were hospitalized, among them 44 cases (16.29%) had nosocomial infection. Most of them (70.5%) were male, weight of them was under 2Kg and age of them was between 1-3days. Also most of them (73%) were preterm and were born by cesarean section method. Assessment of the research based on treatmental factors showed that majority of patients were premature and had respiratory distress. The most common isolated pathogens were entrobacter(57%), klebsiella (9%) and E-coli (2%). Assessment of Structural factors showed that there are physical space problems in spite of adequate equipment and instruments. Regarding personality situations, it is clear that educational programs have been provided for prevention of infection. Conclusion: It is recommended to pay more atention in personal heigenic, especially hand washing and using stril gloves and sterilization rules regarding in IV cathetering. Also it is advised to control and prevent infections with suitable destribution of staffing, providings standared rules in physical structures and promoting knowledge in physicians and NICU personels.}, Keywords = {Cross Infection, Infant, Intensive Care Unit- Neonatal}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Niknamy, M and Namjoo, A and Baghaee, M and AtrkarRoshan, Z}, title = {Survey the Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Health Behaviors in Elderly People Referring to Active Retire mental Centers}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Rapid increase of elderly population presents their health and maintenance in wider domains in society. Therefore life satisfaction is the most important matters that required more pay attention. There is relationship between physical and mental health and life satisfaction. Health behaviors have very important role as one of the determined desirable. Objective: To determine the relationship between life satisfaction and health behaviors in elderly individuals referring to active retire mental centers of Rasht in 2008. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study, which 320 members from active retire mental centers of Rasht participated in this study. Data was collected by a three part questionnaire that included demographic specifications, life satisfaction and health behaviors which were gathered by interview. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and test such as chi-square by SPSS version 15. Results: Findings showed that mean score of the health behaviors were 92.5 ±13.6 and 55.6% of members have good health behaviors. The mean score of life satisfaction was 20.19±7.3 and 46.6 of members satisfied There were significant positive correlation between health behaviors and life satisfaction (p=0.000). Also indicated that there were statistically significant relation between health behaviors and life satisfaction according to age (p=0.002), education level (p=0.01), family composition (p=0.002), and occupational group (p=0.002). There is relation between health behaviors and life satisfaction. Conclusion: It seems that life satisfaction can be increased by training and providing essential knowledge to elderly members and planning towards health promotion behaviors.}, Keywords = {Aged, Health Behavior, Personal Satisfaction}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {46-54}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Amouian, S and TayebiMeybodi, N and Ataranzadeh, A and Montazer, M and Rahimi, M}, title = {Survey the Association between Tissue Eosinophil Counts and Prognostic Factors of Esophageal SCC}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: According to World Health Organization reports, the esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is most frequent in north-east of Iran. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, may play an important role in biologic behaviors of tumors. Objective: Survey the association between tissue eosinophil counts and prognosti c factors of esophageal SCC. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted applying a convenience sampling. The archive of pathology department of Imam-Reza Hospital, Mashhad, between 2005-2007 was used. Number of eosinophils, and also mastocytes, surrounding the tumoral cells was estimated using the standard method of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia. Mean numbers of eosinophils and mastocytes between different groups of prevascular or preneural invasion, lymph node metastases, tissue differentiation status and depth of invasion were tested statistically. Results: Twenty-five (61.0%) men and 16 (39.0%) women with a mean (Standard Deviation, SD) age of 53.6 (±14.78) were studied. Mean (SD) number of eosinophils and mastocytes were 115.4 (±88.16) and 30.7 (±26.03) respectively. Mean number of eosinophils was higher in patients with prevascular invasion (183.2 vs. 86.9)(p =0.002). No other statistically significant association was found. Conclusion: Excess number of tissue eosinophils indicates the tendency towards more prevascular invasion. It is recommended to follow these patients intensively.}, Keywords = {Carcinoma- Squamous Cell, Eosinophil, Esophagus, Prognosis}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {55-60}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mehrafza, M and Oudi, M and Abdolahian, P and Mohammadtabaar, Z and Shadmani, K and Nikpouri, Z}, title = {Survey the Amnion Graft in Treatment of Congenital Absence of the Vagina}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Vaginal atresia can be congenital or acquired. Absence of a functional vagina can lead to primary or secondary amenorrhea and haematometra. Objective: Survey the Amnion Graft in Treatment of Congenital Absence of the Vagina. Materials and Methods: In this study, 14 cases of vaginal agenesis between 1997 until 2008 years were analyzed. The amnion membrane of elective cesarean section was kept in new space using a 20ml syringe covered by sponge or elastic band as a mould. Patients with vaginal agenesis underwent vaginoplasty using amniotic membrane grafts according to Frank method. Result: Twelve patients had Mayer-von-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and others (2) had vaginal agenesis with normal functional uterus. All patients were between 20 and 26 years old. Regular menstrual periods were observed in two patients that had normal uterus one month after operation. The follow-up pelvic ultrasonography was normal. After operation one of the 14 patients (7.1%) developed vaginal stenosis that were corrected with sexual intercourse. All of married patients were satisfied of sexual function. The incidences of urologic abnormalities were (21.4%): congenital horseshoe kidney found in two patients and one patient had only one kidney. Stenosis of the vagina was reported in one patient. All patients achieved a good outcome Conclusion: Using amniotic membrane as an allograft for vaginal reconstruction showed very good outcome with a resultant good caliber new vagina.}, Keywords = {Amnion, Vaginal Diseases}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {61-65}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Alavi, S.A and Nejatifar, F and Forghanparast, K and Sobhani, A.R and Mortaz, GH}, title = {Effect of Atorvastatin on Indices of Chronic Asthma in Patients under Treatment with High Dose Inhaled Steroid or Oral Steroid}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Statins are the most common type of cholesterol- lowering drugs which have anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Regarding to examine new medications for asthma management due to the side effects of existing routine asthma treatments, statins are one of drugs which have been suggested recently. Objective: Effect of atorvastatin on lung function and airway inflammation. Materials and Methods: In this triple blind clinical trial study sixty seven patients with moderate to severe asthma were entered. They were divided to two groups randomly. Case group were treatment by oral atorvastatin 40 mg daily and control group were treatment by placebo on lung function. Patients were visited and their lung volumes (FEV1, FVC, FEV1 /FVC, FEF 25-75%) and inflammatory biomarkers (ESR, Hs-CRP) and asthma control questionnaire score were measured every 4 weeks during the course. Fifty patients completed the study. Data was analyzed by χ 2, t-test and Mann-Whitney test. P value <0.05 was significant. Results: There were no significant differences in lung volumes and inflammatory biomarkers between atorvastatin and placebo groups. We observed significant differences in the trend of lung volumes include FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF 25-75 % in each of the atorvastatin and placebo groups during the course of study (p<0.001) but there were no significant differences between them. There were significant differences in the trend of asthma control according to asthma control questionnaires in each of atorvastatin and placebo groups during the course (p <0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, atorvastatin does not show any significant anti-inflammatory activity in patients with moderate to severe asthma therefore it could not be beneficial for the short term treatment of asthma. But it seems that regular visit and patient education could lead to better asthma control.}, Keywords = {Asthma, Atorvastatine, Glucocoticoids}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Pourmohsen, M and Taavoni, S and ZoneamatKermani, A and Hosseini, F}, title = {Evaluation the Effect of Vitamin E on Premenstrual Syndrome}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a most common disorder of premenopausal women that affected 95% of reproductive age women. This syndrome was diagnosed by recurrent psychological and behavioral and physical symptoms in premenstrual cycle that disappeared one or two days after menstruation. According to previous research, vitamin E has beneficial effects on reduction of PMS symptoms such pain, mastalgia, carbohydrate craving, irritability, and anxiety. Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin E on PMS and hypothesis beneficial effects of high dose vitamin E on PMS. Materials and Methods: This is a triple blind randomized study which was performed on 79 students that they were not any disease. Diagnosis of syndrome according to the American Psychiatry Association (APA) includes one psychological and physical symptom from common symptoms of PMS. 250 students of medical science of Iran university completed PMS questionnaire for three cycle of menstruation. Then 79 subjects affected by PMS allocated randomly to two groups of vitamin E (400 UI) and placebo (500 mg starch powder).They completed rating scale of PMS in one week before menses with drug for three cycle of menstruation. Data was analyzed by pair-t-test and independent- t-test. Results: severity of syndrome in vitamin E group was reduced in comparison with result before treatment their difference was significant (p≤0.0001). Placebo caused reduction in PMS symptom in comparison with result before treatment, and their difference was significant. (p≤0.0001). But there were no statistically significant differences between two treatment groups in severity of syndrome. (p≥ 0.05) Conclusions: According to this study 400UI vitamin E caused effective treatment of PMS but was not rather than placebo. More studies in this field can be recommended to compare several different dose of vitamin E on severity of PMS. Also we recommended change of placebo, because carbohydrates can effect on PMS.}, Keywords = {Premenstrual Syndrome , Vitamin E }, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shirzayi, M and Momeni, Z}, title = {Evaluation the Associated Factors with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral ulcerative diseases. This lesion affects 20%of general population. Clinical features of these lesions are as minor, major and herpetiform ulcers. Etiology is unknown. It seems that RAS to be multifactorial. Objective: Evaluarte the associated factors with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive –analytical and cross sectional study, 1105 persons attending to health-therapeutic centers in Zahedan were selected in a multi-stage random manner they were assessed for associated factors to development of RAS. Data gathered as single stage and by interview, filling questionnaire and clinical exam. Diagnosis was performed at base of clinical feature, in this type, in minor aphthea, the ulcers are less than 1cm in diameter, round, clearly defined and erythematic ulcers. In major RAS, painful lesions are more than 1cm in diameter which may last for several weeks, and usually heal with scar formation. The herpetiform aphthous stomatitis, the least common type, presents itself as multiple clusters of pinpoint lesions that may give rise to large irregular ulcers lasting 7 to 10 days. Finally all of data were extracted from the questionnaire and statistically analyzed by SPSS and chi-square manner. Results: Among 1105 examined person (476males and 629 females), 199 persons(18%)were affected to aphthea that among them, 168 cases(84.4%) minor aphthea,26 cases(13.1%) major and 5 cases(2.5%)had herpetiform. There were significant statistically correlation between the abundance of RAS and age (P<0.001), education (P<0.001), job (P=0.002), history of aphtea (P<0.001), family history (P<0.001) and brushing (P<0.001). There were significant statiscally correlation between the abundance of RAS and sex, using snuff, using tobacco and using mouthwash. Conclusion: RAS is multifactorial lesion and factors such as age, high stress job groups, high education were associated with occurrence of the aphthea in this study. Tobacco had no correlation with occurrence of RAS.}, Keywords = {Stomatitis- Aphthous, Ulcer}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {80-89}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Saberi, A and Esmaeilzadeh, K and Ghayeghran, A.R and Heidarzadeh, A}, title = {Assessment the Effectiveness of Omega 3 on Migraine Headache Severity}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: One of the mechanisms of migraine pain is neurogenic inflammation causing by induction of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes(LTs), it seems that polyunsaturated fatty acid omega 3 have anti-inflammatory and so analgesic effect by modifying their production. Objective: Determine the effect of omega-3 on the severity of migraine headache. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial study, 198 patients who suffered from migraine and referred to the clinic of neurology in poursina hospital in Rasht, were selected from January to September 2009 according to IHS criteria. They divided to two groups: 2 pearls of omega3 (2gr) were given to case group (97 patients) and 2 pearls of glycerol were given to control group for 3 months. Headache severity was graded according to MIDAS before and after treatment .The analysis was performed in each group by sign test. Comparing the changes of headache severity were assessed by repeated measure ANOVA variance were analyzed by SPSS 15. Results: 97 patients in case group (27 male & 70 female) with mean age of 26.51±7.01 years and 99 patients in control group (28 male & 71 female ) with mean age of 24.85±6.21 years participated in this study. This 2groups were adjusted for age (P=0.081) and sex (P =1.000). The reduction in headache severity in case group was 35.1% that was statistically significant (P=0.001) and in control group 20.2% that wasn’t statistically significant (P=0.154).The changes in headache severity had statistically significant difference in these 2 groups. (P =0.048) Conclusion: Omega 3 is effective on reduction of migraine headache severity.}, Keywords = {Headache/Migraine/ Omega 3}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {90-96}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {SadeghiMeibodi, A.M}, title = {Investigation the Outcomes of CABG in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Patients presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery surgery are at increased risk of preoperative morbidity and mortality. Objective: Investigate the outcomes of CABG in two groups of patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 815 patients who underwent coronary artery surgery were divided to two groups: Group A, 66 cases with EF less than 40% and group B, 749 cases with EF more than 40%. Results: Most of the cases were men and their Mean age was 63 years old. Most of the cases in Group A were in class ะจ or IV of cardiac failure before the surgery (in attention to EF reported in echocardiography). In this group mean aortic clamp time, pomp time and surgery time were more than group B. Also the evidences showed that intubations time, ICU stay and Hospitalization were more in group A. There were statistically meaningful differences between mortality (P<0.0001), morbidity after surgery and 5 years survival (P<0.005) in two groups. The results of study showed that left ventricular dysfunction had negative effects on prognosis of CABG. It is obvious that in these situations, heart transplant is better than CABG, but because of limitation of donated hearts, CABG is the main therapeutic plan now. Conclusion: CABG can be more effective if the protective treatment and operation will be done as soon as possible and decrease the incidence of mortality and morbidity.}, Keywords = {Coronary Artery Bypass, Heart Ventricle}, volume = {19}, Number = {73}, pages = {97-102}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} }