@article{ author = {SaeediSaedi., H and TavakoliTabasi, K and MohammadianRoshan, N and Shakeri, M.T}, title = {Study of Her2/neu Protein over Expression Frequency and Its Relationship with Grade, Stage in Patients with Non Metatstatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Disease Free Survival}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: HER2 over-expression has been identified in a variety of malignant tumors including bladder transitional carcinoma. In some researches HER2 was detected in 10%-50% of muscle invasive bladder cancers. In this study we evaluated the correlation between HER2 over-expression and pathological characteristics as well as its impact on the disease free survival (DFS) of patients with non-metastatic bladder transitional carcinoma. Objective: Study of Her2/neu Protein over Expression Frequency and Its Relationship with Grade, Stage in Patients with Non Metatstatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Disease Free Survival Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, paraffin-embedded specimens from 50 patients with non-metastatic bladder transitional cell carcinoma, referred to Omid hospital from 2003 to 2007, were examined immunohistochemically for HER-2/neu over-expression. The specimens were also reviewed for tumor grade. The patients with superficial tumors underwent TURBT and a full course of intravesical BCG therapy and cases with muscle invasive tumor received cisplatin based chemoradiation. Results: There were 27 (54%) high grade and 23 low grade tumors. The specimens stained for HER-2 over-expression as follow: 11 as Zero, 11 as 1+, 13 as 2+ and 15 as 3+. The T stages of Tis, T1, T2 and T3 were detected in 14, 19, 10, and 7 cases respectively. The frequency of strong positive HER-2 tumors (3+) was significantly higher among patients with muscle invasive tumors compared to those with superficial lesions (58.8% vs. 15.2%, p<0.001). There was also a relatively significant association between strong positive HER-2 expression and high grade tumors (43.5% vs. 18.5% p= 0.055). The Median follow up time was 14 months (range, 4-52 months) during which 17 cases (34%) experienced recurrence (12 local, 3 bones & 2 lungs). For all patients 3-year DFS was 62.7% ± 7.4% which was significantly better for cases with superficial tumors than patients with muscle invasive tumors (78.1% vs. 19.5%, p=0.005). In patients with strong positive HER-2 expression tumors, DFS was significantly lower compared to the other cases (3-year DFS: 19.4% vs. 80%, p<0.001). No significant difference in DFS was found between high grade and low grade tumors (3-DFS: 53.9% vs. 70%, p=0.20). Conclusion: In This study, strong HER-2 over-expression (3+) was significantly associated with higher T stages as well as high grade tumors. In addition to T stage, strong HER-2 over-expression was a significant predictor of lower disease free survival.}, Keywords = {Carcinema- Transitional Cell, Disease Free Survival, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {KhosroPanah, I and Roshani, A and Falahatkar, S and Asgari, A and Nikpour., S and Akbarpour, M}, title = {Survey and Comparison of the Urinary Calcium Level in Normal and Calcium Stone Forming Groups}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Urinary stones are the third common disease in the urinary system. Because there is not any study about Hypercalciuria in normal people and patients with stone in our province (Guilan), we decided to evaluate and compare the level of urinary calcium in normal people and patients with urinary stones. Objective: Survey of the urinary calcium level in normal and calcium stone forming groups Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study .Our cases were the people who had attended to Razi Hospital outpatient ward during 2004-6 and included 502 people without history of urinary tract stone (group1), 391 patients with history of an episode of urinary tract stone (group 2) and 109 patients with history of more than one episode of urinary stone (group 3). We extracted requested information such as age, sex, Urine Ca 24h level, serum Ca level and stone analysis from the files and data analyzed by t-test. Results: The most common stone was Calcium Oxalate (95%). The mean level of urinary calcium was 156±7 mg/dl in group 1, 163±7 mg/dl in group 2 and 183±5 mg/dl in group 3. There was a significant statistical difference between these 3 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hypercalciuria is a risk factor for stone formation, so we can use as a protective method to inhibit stone formation.}, Keywords = {Calcium, Urinary Calculi }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {6-10}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Azizi, A and Askari, S}, title = {Comparison of Unstimulated Saliva Secretion between Heavy Smokers and Nonsmokers Subjects}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Salive plays an important role in oral homeostasis. Quantitative and qualitative variation in salivary secretion can cause dental caries and periodontal disease. The decrease of saliva may be caused by disease and drugs such as Sjogren Syndrome and Antidepressant drugs. Objective: Compare the quantitative variation of unstimulated salivary rate in smoker and non smoker males. Materials and Methods: This study was case- control .220 people were evaluated in two groups. Group A were 110 subject male smokers, and group B were 110 subject male non smokers. The subjects had 20-55 years old. The evaluation was based on questionnaire. Heavy smokers have been considered as a target group after completing the questionnaire according to systemic disease and HAD test. After gathering necessary characteristics, they were selected as a case group. Non smoker subjects were selected as a control group. Then in a silent place without any disturbing agent such as stress or tiredness, the salivary rate of subjects was collected by spitting method. Data were analyzed by t – test. Results: The mean age of the smoker subjects were 34.3 and the mean age of nonsmoker subjects were 34.7. The saliva average was 1.2 ml in 3 minutes in case group and 1.7 ml in 3 minutes in the control group. This study showed that the amount of saliva in smoker subjects was less than nonsmoker subjects, and this difference was statistically significant (P< 0/05). Conclusion: According to this study, smoking can cause reduction in unstimulated salivary secretion. Therefore, correct oral and dental hygiene instructions should be emphasized for these patients.}, Keywords = {Month Diseases, Saliva, Smoking }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Zahedi, A and Khaki, A and Bazi, P and Khaki, A.A}, title = {The Hepato Toxic Effects of Lead Acetate on Hepatic Tissues in New Zealand Ian Rabbit}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Lead is one of the world wide using metals which have been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, it has adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Objective: Survey the effect of Lead acetate on hepatic tissues in light and Electron microscope. Materials and Methods: White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups (N =10) 6.5 mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal and control group (N=10) were injected only with demonized water every day to each animal for 7 weeks .After taking biopsy from hepatic tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Quantitave and qualitative (morphometeric and morphologic) studies were carried out on electro micrographs. Data was compared using statistically methods. Results: Morphological and morphometerical findings showed the vacuolated of mitochondria of hepatocyte, degeneration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, heterochromatin of nuclei and reduce in lobular diameter in experimental group as compare with control group(P ≤0/05). Conclusion: Qualitative and quantitative study of chronic phase showed that lead Acetate caused obvious changes in hepatic tissues.}, Keywords = {Cytotoxins, Lead, Liver, Rabbits}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {17-24}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, M.G and Karambin, M.M and Sobhani, A.R and Fasihi, M and ParandakhJoshari, S and Shahrami, H}, title = {Comparison of Neonatal Bacterial Septicemia in 2007 and 1998-2000 Years}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Septicemia is an important and common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Several factors such as genetic, social, hygienic and nutritional factors are effective on the frequency of bacterial pathogens in neonatal septicemia, several studies have performed to determine common pathogens in the different parts of the world. Objective: Comparison of neonatal bacterial septicemia in 2007 and 1998-2000 in the17 Shahrivar hospital of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and comparative study, 298 files of the newborns who were admitted had hospitalized with the probable diagnosis of septicemia in 2007 were collected we defined the cases with positive blood culture, the pathogens and antibiotic resistance to different antibiotics. We compared these results with the results of study which was performed between 1998-2000. Results: Among 298 hospitalized newborns, 31 cases had positive blood culture (10.4%). The most common pathogens were Entrobacter (77.4%), Klebsiella (6.5%) respectively. In the study of 1998, the most common pathogens were Ecoli 111 cases (59.7%), Entrobacter 47 cases (25.3%) klebsiella 17 cases (9.2%). There wasn't any significant relationship between mortality and sex, age, maturity and kind of delivery, but there was significant relationship between the pathogen and mortality, delivery, maturity, birth weight. There wasn't any significant relationship between sex and pathogen. Conclusion: According to the results of 2007 the most common pathogen was Entrobacter and treatment with effective antibiotics like Gentamycine (cost effective and easily available) and hygienic care in the neonatal care recommended to the eliminate the infectious factors especially Entrobacter.}, Keywords = {Drug Resistance, Infant Mortality, Septicemia, Infant-Premature}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Imantalab, V and Mirfalah, S.R and Mohammadzade, A and Mirmansoori, A}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Propofol and Midazolam on Serum Level of Cardiac Troponin T Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Cardiac surgery is associated with some degree of myocardial injury. Preconditioning was described first in 1986 and it classified into: pharmacologic and Non-pharmacologic. Volatile Anesthetic agents (Sevofluran) with stimulation of ischemic preconditioning can protect myocardium. At least one study has demonstrated the potential salutary effect of volatile anesthetic agents on cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) (a reliable marker of myocardial injury). In another study Midazolam, Propofol and Sevofluran provides equal protection in pediatric cardiac surgery. Objective: To compare the effect of Midazolam and Propofol on the level of cTnT following CABG. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, double blind study 40 elected patients for CABG were randomly assigned to receive infusion of Propofol or Midazolam. Other surgical procedures and anesthetics were similar for both groups. Serum cTnT was measured preoperatively and at 12, 24 and 36hr post operation. Results: Serum cTnT was significantly raised in both groups. In all postoperative episodes, cTnT concentration intended to be higher in Midazolam group than Propofol group, but this difference was not significant. The peak levels of cTnT (T12) in both groups were much lower than peak level of cTnT were much lower than peak level of cTnT in previous studies[in previous studies in midazolam group T12=0.260 (± 0.171) ng/ml – in propofol group T12= 0.205 (± 0.110) ng/ml)]. Conclusion: Midazolam and Propofol provided equal myocardial protection during CABG.}, Keywords = {Coronary Artery Bypass, Ischemic Preconditioning, Midazolam, Propofo, Troponin T}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Akouchekian, SH and Roohafza, H.R and Hasanzadeh, A and MohammadSharifi, H}, title = {Relation between Social Support and Coping with Stress in Nurses in Psychiatric Ward}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Stress is the most common cause of mental and physical problems in employers. Nurses experience high level of stresses due to the nature of their job. Stress coping strategies effect on reaction against stresses. Social support has protective and effective role on stress coping strategies. Objectives: Detect the relation between coping with stress and social support in the nurses who worked in psychiatric ward. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytic study was done on 47 nurses of the psychiatric wards of Isfahan training hospitals. The demographic data checklist and stress coping strategies and Saratoz social support questionnaire were filled. Statistical methods such as t-student, Spearmen-Pearson correlation were used to analyze data. Results: The mean age of the studied persons was 39.9 years old and the mean score of social support of them was l0.59±2.24. There was a reverse and significant relation between the social support and the age and duration of service, while there was a direct and significant relation between the social support and the education. There was a significant relation between sex and social support (more in singles) too. There was a direct relation between the social support and the ways of coping with stress (social-emotional support), a reverse and significant relation between social support and the reception and hopeful through. Conclusion: If there is more social support, increased using effective coping strategies and reduced using ineffective coping strategies. Considering the importance of the social support in high stress jobs such as nursing to increase the person's capacity against stress, increase social support by improving administrative relations and social security for the nurse personnel could be useful.}, Keywords = {Occupational stress, Social Support, Stress Coping Strategies, Nurses }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Jalali, M.M and Heidarzadeh, A and Alvai, N}, title = {Evaluation of Satisfaction Rate of Patients and Physician from Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial fracture and the third most common fracture of the human skeleton. The diagnosis and proper treatment of the nasal bone fracture are based on physician’s findings and skill. The way to manage the nasal bone fracture ranges from closed reduction to open reduction. Insufficient reduction caused secondary deformity after the swelling subside, and lead to requests of other surgical procedures. Objective: To evaluate satisfaction rate of patients and physician from outcome of closed reduction 1 month later nasal fracture Materials and Methods: The descriptive study reviewed patients with nasal fracture and treated by closed reduction at Amir-al-momenin hospital (Rasht) in 2007-2008 years. According to physical examination and radiologic findings, nasal fractures were classified. Demographic data, time of injury, mechanisms and severity of fracture were recorded on data sheet. Patients were followed up 1 month later of nasal fracture and their satisfaction upon Likert scale was recorded. The physician described satisfaction as good, fair, poor. Results: In this study from 67 patients 76.1% were male and 23.9% were female. Mean age of patients was 30.17± 13.45 years. The major cause of the nasal fractures was attributed to fighting (43.3%). B-type, U-type and F-type fractures composed 70.1%, 25.4% and 4.5% respectively. 26.9% of patients had soft tissues damages and 3% had fracture in other facial bone. 36 patients (53.7%) were satisfied, 17 patients (25.4%) were very satisfied and 14 patients (20.9%) were unsatisfied. None of them were very unsatisfied. Physician evaluated outcome as good, fair, and poor in 65.7% (44 cases), 23.9% (16 cases) and 10.4% (7 cases) respectively. Conclusion: Although, there isn’t statistically significant difference between different type of fracture or presence of soft tissue damage and patients' satisfaction rate, there is statistically significant difference between them and physician's satisfaction rate (P=0.02 and P=0.049). The results showed that in cases with severe fracture (F-type) and presence of soft tissue damage, closed reduction should be considered carefully as the choice of treatment.}, Keywords = {Fracture, Nasal Bone, Patients Satisfaction}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Falahatkar, S and Asgari, A and HosseiniSharifi, S.H and Joafshani, M.A and Emadi, S.A and Khaledi, F}, title = {Efficacy and Safety of Herbal Drug, Hypericum Perforatum in the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Premature ejaculation is the most prevalent form of male sexual dysfunction. Efforts to develop novel drugs safer than existing therapies are continued. Objective: Assessment of efficacy of Hypericum Perforatum in the treatment of premature ejaculation Materials and Methods: This is the double blind, randomized placebo- controlled study. In this study were selected 50 married men (18-50 years old) who were referred to urology department of Razi hospital in Rasht from 2007 to 2008 with premature ejaculation were selected. These patients were divided to control and cases groups. Hypericum (160mg tablets) were prescribed for case group and placebo for control group. All participants completed IIEF-15 questionnaire before and after treatment. Intra vaginal latency time (IVLT) was measured before and after treatment. The results were analyzed using chi-square and paired t-test Results: After 4 weeks, there was difference in IVLT between 2 groups. This difference was statically significant (P<0.001). There was an increase in two variables of the IIEF-15(Intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) in hypericum perforatum group (p<0.001). In 3 participants drug was discontinued because of adverse reactions. Conclusion: It seems that hypericum perforatum may be regarded as a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of premature ejaculation.}, Keywords = {Ejaculation, Hypericum }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {53-58}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Javadian, Y and Behtash, H and Akbari, M and Taghipoor, M and Zekavat, H}, title = {Three Months follow up of two Methods of Exercise Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Lumbar Segmental Instability}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The effect of different methods of exercise therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from lumbar segmental instability can be challenged in different following treatment periods. Objective: Compare of two different methods of exercise therapy in treatment of patients with lumbar segmental instability after three month. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study twenty-four patients’ ranging 18-45 years old with signs of lumbar segmental instability were randomly divided into two groups. The first group did only the routine exercise and the second group did the routine exercise plus stabilizing exercises for eight weeks and continued it until three months after treatment. Studied variables included flexor and extensor trunk muscle endurance, pain intensity, functional disability, flexion and extension lumbar range of motion, right and left trunk muscle side were evaluated before, eight weeks and three months after treatment. Data was analyzed using k-s and repeated measurement tests. Results: The findings showed that flexion lumbar range of motion, right and left trunk muscle side increased and pain, functional disability decreased in stabilizing exercise group. There is statically significant difference in the mean of this mentioned variables between two groups after 8 weeks (P=0.001). The process of pain intensity and functional disability reduction and muscle endurance time increase was more in stabilizing exercise than routine exercise group, following three months exercise. Conclusion: Regarding the prolonged positive effects of stabilizing exercise in reduction of pain intensity and increase of functional ability and muscle endurance until three months after treatment, it is recommended to use this method along with routine exercises.}, Keywords = {Exercise Therapy, Lumbar Vertebrae}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Dalili, Z and Kariminasab, N and Dalili, H and RahmatSadeghi, D}, title = {Comparison of Radiographic Findings between Mandibular Asymmetric and Symmetric Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: By considering the extensive dimensions of asymmetry, it seems that the evaluation in a single radiographic view is not adequate and it is better to evaluate it through different aspects. Objective: To compare the radiographic findings of patients with mandibular asymmetry and normal subjects, and to define the asymmetry index in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive case-control study, Posterior- Anterior PA cephalometric, panoramic and condylar tomographic views of twenty patients, including 10 asymmetric patients with the mean age of 17.8 years (6 female, 4 male) and 10 symmetric subjects with the mean age of 17.6 years (6 female, 4 male) were evaluated. The control and experimental groups were matched by Cervical Vertebra Maturation Stage index and nearly chronological age. In PA cephalometry radiographs, 8 indices were evaluated in two categories of horizontal indices and vertical indices. After measuring condylar and ramal heighs in panoramic views, condylar and ramal indices were determined. In tomograms three images comprising of posterior, middle and Anterior were obtained from right and left sides. The average of maximum medio lateral dimension of condyle was calculated as tomographic index. Paired sample test analysis using SPSS with %95 confidence interval is applied for analysis. Results: Mean tomographic indices in control and cases groups were reported 2.91 and 4.98 respectively. Condylar and ramus indices in control group were 0.07 and 0.01, and in case group, were 0.04 and 0.01. There is no significant difference between experimental and control groups on all of the mentioned radiographic indices. Conclusion: Tomography, PA cephalometry, panoramic and tomography views are helpful in the diagnosis of asymmetry. But they don’t introduce a definitive borderline in the form of asymmetry indices.}, Keywords = {Asymmetry, Mandible, Radiography- Denta, Tomography}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {68-76}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Y and Mohammadi, M.J}, title = {Topiramate Associated Bilateral Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma and Myopia}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Topiramate, is an oral Sulfonamide medication that was primarily licensed for treating epilepsy, though increasingly used for treating migraine. In recent years there have been several reports of its association with bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and or myopia. We introduce a rare case of simultaneous bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and myopia following topiramate usage. Case History: A 43 years–old woman, who referred to Amiralmomenin hospital with bilateral painful visual loss following prescription of topiramate. Her best corrected visual acuity was one meter counting finger in both eyes. Intraocular pressure was 60 mm Hg OD and 54 mm Hg OS with ciliary injection. There were corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber and closed angles on gonioscopy in both eyes. Abnormal findings were normalized within 2 weeks after discontinuation of topiramate and starting antiglaucoma medication. Conclusion: Topiramate can cause acute bilateral angle- closure glaucoma and myopia, which is usually reversible and its intraocular pressure is controlled promptly by discontinuing drug. Patients who started Topiramate therapy need to be informed of this potential risk especially within first few weeks after starting or increasing dose of the drug.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Glaucoma- Angle-Closure , Migraine, Myopia, Topiramate}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {77-80}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} }