@article{ author = {GhanamiGashti, N and Salehi, Z and ZahiriSorouri, Z and EskafiSabet, E}, title = {Analysis of 4977-bp mitochondrial DNA Deletion in the Women with Spontaneous Abortion}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy ending with the death of fetus prior to 20th week. About 30-50% of human conceptions end in spontaneous abortion and most of them occur at the time of implantation in association with oxidative stress, which can damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Defective respiratory chain enzymes, encoded by deleted mtDNA, may further enhance oxidative damage. Objective: Analysis of mtDNA common deletion (4977-bp) in women with spontaneous abortion. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 150 women with spontaneous abortion and 90 controls then, subjected to the Gap-PCR technique. A pair of primers designed by means of oligo7 software to flank the region of the mitochondrial genome where the common deletion occurs, was employed. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc software. Results: As revealed, 45 (30%) of women with spontaneous abortion had 4977-bp deletion in mtDNA, while only 6 (6.66%) of the controls were with the deletion. We found that 4977-bp deletion was significantly associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion (OR= 6.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.44-14.74, P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Overall, a strong association between 4977-bp deletion and spontaneous abortion was observed. However, larger population-based studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between this deletion and spontaneous abortion. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Abortion- Spontaneous, DNA-Mitochondrial, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-412-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-412-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Behboudi, F and Ashoorizadeh, B and Kazemnejad, E and Bashizadehfakhar, H}, title = {Gail Model to Determine the Risk of Breast Cancer}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the majority of countries. According to data collected by Guilan Health Services, its incidence has been rising in the province since 2002.Despite the efforts to detect and manage breast cancer in early stages, it still remains as the second most common cause of deaths from cancers. Gail model is one of the policies innovated with the aim of estimation of the life long breast cancer risk in women. This study was conducted to investigate the validity of Gail model in predicting the risk of breast cancer in women living in Guilan province, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: The study design was observational and cross-sectional, conducted in Guilan province. The population studied consisted of 260 women referred to teaching hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences. They were divided into patient and control groups and were observed for one year period ( 2011-2012). Risk assessment was carried out using the computerized Gail software, designed by the American National institute for cancer. Risk factors included: age of the first menarch, age of the first full term delivery, family history for breast cancer, the age of menopause and breast biopsies showing atypical hyperplasia. Test results greater than 1.7% was representative of the increased risk .The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16. Results: The mean age was 48.51+ 8.3 for 260 patients and controls under study. Medical Gail score for the first 5 years was 0.76+ 0.46 and the lifelong risk was 1.135+ 2.3 in both groups. Considering the sensitivity and specifity of different cut off values, the score with the best specifity for usage in Guilan population was found to be 1.25%. Conclusion: Given the higher median Gail score and the number of population at risk for breast cancer in our study, in comparison with the results of investigations of other countries, screening for the breast cancer risk is highly recommended in our population to prevent increasing death rates from breast malignancy. However, only 6.9% of our patients had Gail score more than 1.7% and it is clear that risk assessment on the basis of this figure at Guilan province cannot bevalid and accurate. So we suggest cut off score of 1.25% to be used for risk assessment in Guilan populati. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Breast Neoplasms, (Gail Modle), Risk Factors}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {7-11}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jalali, S.Z and Heidarzadeh, A and KhattiDizabadi, B}, title = {Diagnostic value of procalcitonin for sepsis diagnosis in ill neonate hospitalized in neonatal ward and NICU}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Sepsis is a critical clinical condition caused by infections and associated with a high mortality. As definite diagnosis is documented with positive culture which needs a long time, some biochemical markers have been used for the rapid diagnosis of sepsis, one of this marker is procalcitonin (PCT). Objective: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of PCT in the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill neonates hospitalized in neonatal and NICU wards. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 hospitalized neonates in the NICU and neonatal ward were divided into two equal groups proven and suspected sepsis. Samples for procalcitonin were checked with sepsis work up test on the first day. Upon comparison of PCT level, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of procalcitonin were determined in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Data were entered into SPSS software for analysis. Results: In this study, there were 64 neonates with proven and suspected sepsis (34 males, 30 females) with a mean age of 11.57 days. Procalcitonin values were significantly different in the two groups (P>0.05). The values were not significantly different within each group separately (P>0.05). Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of PCT obtained were: 65.6%, 71.9% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that PCT can be used for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. To confirm the diagnostic value of this marker, further studies are recommended. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Infant-Newborn, Procalcitonin, Sepsis- Diagnosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {12-17}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Asmar, M and Ashrafi, K and Amintahmasbi, H and Rahmati, B and Masiha, A and Hadiani, M.R}, title = {Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in the Urban Areas of Bandar Anzali, Northern Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most important health problems in different communities and even in developed countries. The adverse effects of these parasites on the development of human communities have been pointed out by WHO. Geographical situation, cultural and social behaviors, lack of safe drinking water and poor health standards, especially in rural areas are among the factors which affect the prevalence of parasitic infections in Iran. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the urban areas of Bandar-Anzali district, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2010 to March 2011 in six different locations of Bandar-Anzali district, Guilan provine, northern Iran. A total of 700 fecal samples from different age groups were collected in clean plastic containers and examined for intestinal protozoa and helminthes using formalin-ether concentration and direct saline thin smear (for watery samples) techniques. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. The p-values were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Of the 700 examined people, 457 cases (65.3%) were female and 243 cases (34.7%) were male. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 15.1%, of which 3.3% belong to pathogenic parasites. The most prevalent pathogenic parasites were sequentially Giardia lamblia (2.14%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (0.3%). The highest prevalence of pathogenic parasites was seen in 10-49 age group and the lowest in ages over 50 years. Intestinal pathogenic parasitic infections were more endemic in females than that in males, 65.2% versus 34.8%, respectively. Blastocystis hominis (6.4%), Endolimax nana (3.9%), Entamoeba coli (2.6%), Iodamoeba buetschlii (0.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (0.1%) were the most non-pathogenic parasitic protozoa in the studied population. Conclusion: According to the results, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Bandar-Anzali was found to be 3.3% which indicates a significant decrease, in comparison to the reported prevalence in past decades. The explanation could be improvements in environmental and personal health, drinking water and food safety, public health education and proper waste disposal. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Intestinal Diseases- Parasitic, Prevalence}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moeinian, KH and Hosseinnejad, H and Rastgoo, T}, title = {Concentration of Nitrate, Nitrite and some other Parameters in Drinking Water Wells, Talesh(Northern IRAN), 2011}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Nitrate is one of the important indices of drinking water quality. Its concentration can be increased by improper wastewater disposal and extended application of synthetic fertilizers, especially in aquifers with high level underground water. Objectives: This study has been designed to determine the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in Talesh drinking water wells. Materials and Methods: Based on the geographical conditions, probable pollution sources and placement of the wells, 15 wells were selected as appropriate representatives of the ground water resources. During the autumn 2011, 60 samples (4 samples from each well with approximately 3 week intervals) were analyzed by standard procedures for Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Temperature. Results: The results indicated variation in nitrate levels from 1.46 to 10.27 mg/l as NO3 and variation in nitrite levels from 0.009 and 0.128 mg/l as NO2. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite in all the samples were lower than the Iranian standards (50 mg/L as NO3- and 3 mg/L as NO2-). Conclusion: On the basis of pollution definition, all the wells could be classified as “weak polluted” in terms of nitrate concentration. In addition, the observed differences between the wells of the region and also rising of the concentration of nitrate in some wells to 13 mg/l (the so-called human affected value), need to be closely considered and cared for. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Drinking Water, Nitrates, Nitrites}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {26-33}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, N and Salehi, Z and Alizadeh, Y}, title = {Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) Deletion in Diabetic Retinopathy}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects retinal blood vessels. Chronic extra cellular hyperglycemia in diabetes stimulates reaction oxygen species (ROS) production, and increase oxidative stress. Glutathion S- transferases (GSTs) enzymes have been shown to protect human from reaction oxygen compounds damage. GSTM1 gene polymorphic in human and deletion in the gene result in virtual absence of enzyme activity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of GSTM1 gene deletion with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: In this molecular study, 80 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 80 healthy individuals were tested for deletion polymorphism GSTM1. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patients and controls (having obtained written informed consents from them). Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program Results: Of the 80 patients, there were 9 with GSTM1 gene deletion while, deletion genotype GSTM1 was found in none of the healthy subjects. Statistical analysis of the gene GSTM1, OR=21.39, 95% CI=1.22-374.14, P 0.05 demonstrates a significant association between GSTM1 deletion genotype frequencies in both patient and control groups. Conclusion: A significant association was found between GSTM1 gene deletion and diabetic retinopathy. Larger population-based studies are needed to more clarify the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and GSTM1 polymorphism. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Diabetic Retinopathy, Genes, Glutathione }, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Motevalli, S.M and Borhanazad, A.M}, title = {Study of Occupational Exposure of Medical Centers in Guilan Province}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Being irradiated by low level radiations for a long time, could have stochastic effects such as cancer on human body. With regard to the fact that 500 employees are working as radiation workers for medical centers in Guilan province hence, studying about their occupational exposure can disclose the occupational risks which might be very serious, especially from health viewpoint. Objectives: Assessment of the average annual effective dose for radiation workers of medical centers in Guilan province from March 2009 to March 2011. Materials and Methods: Radiation workers are divided into three different categories: nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and radiology. Effective doses of them were measured and evaluated for 18 periods of two months lasting three consecutive years. The measurement device was film badge dosimeter. Film badge usually is mounted on the chest area for a period of two months. The detectable energy range of film badge for X-ray and Gamma radiation is 10 keV to 3 MeV and for Beta radiation is 200 keV to 2.5 MeV. After this period, the film badge was sent to the laboratory for development process and amount of exposure. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS. Results: The average effective annual dose for radiation workers of nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and radiology was calculated to be 0.75, 0.18 and 0.06 mSv, respectively. Significant differences were detected between average annual effective doses in different groups. Conclusion: Occupational risk with the highest amount of exposure, was for nuclear medicine groups and with the least amount for radiology groups. However, in comparison with the world data, radiation protection status in Guilan province is reasonable. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Film Dosimetry, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy, Radiology}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, N and Gozashti, M.H and Marefati, H and Rahnama, K and Aghaei, I and Moosazadeh, M}, title = {Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetic Patients and its Relationship with Opium Consumption}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Diabetes is known as a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Another issue is people’s belief about therapeutic effects of opium on the metabolic ill conditions. This conception has led to the rising prevalence of opium consumption, which demands further studies in different regions. Objective: The aim of this study was determination of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors between diabetic patients in Kerman and study of opium’s impression on these factors as a common social habit in this region. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 248 diabetic patients (203(81%) female and 45 (19%) male, age 54.37 ± 9.75 years old) in Kerman. A questionnaire completed after direct interview, physical examination and laibratory assessment. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft word. Results: Mean duration of disease was 8.78 ± 7.48 years. Overall, 38.7% of the patients had arterial hypertension and 75.6% were in uncontrolled DM state, as glycosilated hemoglobin more than 7%. As revealed, 47.6% of the patients had cholesterol greater than 200, 69.3% triglyceride higher than 150, 57.8% with LDL-C greater than 100 and 43.7% were with low level of HDL-C. The prevalence of opium consumption in patients was 20.4%. The hyper-cholesterolemia was significantly less frequent in opium users in contrast, high systolic blood pressure was more frequent among them. No significant difference was observed in the other type of serum lipids or statement of diabetes control. Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors were frequent among patients in Kerman. Thus, preventive policies should be adopted to control it. On the other hand, opium consumption did not show any considerable effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Cardio Vascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Opium, Risk Factors}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {49-57}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MohammadiSardeh, T and Asmar, M and Isazadeh, KH and Masiha, A}, title = {Prevalence of Serum Antibodies (IgM and IgG) Toxoplasma gondii in Guilan by ELISA Method}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Toxoplasmosis, one of the most common infectious diseases among humans and livestock, with its operating Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa intracellular parasites, may cause serious infections in humans and animals to be domesticated. Epidemiologic studies show Toxoplasma antibodies in the serum for at least 1/3 adult population in most countries, however, previous infection and spread of organisms represents a broad and powerful contact and ability of Toxoplasma to infect humans. Serologic tests for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis are often the size of the antibodies used. Objective: Prevalence of Serum Antibodies (IgM and IgG) Toxoplasma gondii in Guilan by ELISA Method Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, 800 sera of individuals referred to the medical diagnostic laboratories in Guilan in 1391 were randomly selected, and using ELISA, IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasmosis were measured. Results: Based on the results of total 800, of the 301 men and 499 women, 261 (62/32 percent) had IgG antibody against a Toxoplasmosis of IgM antibody and all were negative. Population of men (9/87percent) and women (22/75%) of IgG antibody were detected. Using chi square test, no significant relationship was found between antibody prevalence and age, sex, job location and no history of contact with pets. Conclusion: The results confirm the necessary test to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Promotion of health awareness among people can also reduce the risk of toxoplasmosis. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Enzme-Linked Immunosorbeat Assay, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Prevalence, Toxoplasma Gondii}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {58-64}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-420-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-420-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nemati, SH and Kusha, A.R and Gerami, H and KhorasaniMoghadam, S and Soltanipour, S and Setva, F and Bakhsh, F}, title = {Effect of Oropharyngeal- Lingual Exercises on Patients with Primary Snoring}, abstract ={Abstract: Introduction: Primary snoring(PS) is one of the sleep breathing disorders with suboptimal treatment results. It was recommended that oropharyngeal exercises can be a therapeutic choice for the patients with mild to moderate degrees of this dysfunction. Objective: To assess the effect of oropharyngeal- lingual exercises (OPL) on patients with primary snoring (PS) referred to Amiralmomenin's Hospital ,Rasht. Materials and Methods: : In total, 53 patients with PS underwent the sets of OPL exercises for 3 mounts, 5 days in week, 30 minutes daily under the supervision of speech therapist. Severity of the snoring was assessed with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and SSS (Snoring Scale Score) and data were analyzed by SPSS Ver 17. Results: Mean SSS before the study was 7.01 ±1.72 and after study it was 3.09 ± 2.7, and mean VAS before study was 8.54±1.89 and after study was 4.69±2.94 (P=0.001). There was a significant relationship between being problematic with roommates (P=0.0001), situation of snoring time (P=0.0001), duration of snoring occurrence (P=0.0001), severity of snoring (P=0.0001) before and after intervention. Conclusion: Doing the OPL exercises can decrease severity of PS significantly. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Oropharyngeal- Exercise, Snoring, Treatment out Come}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {65-72}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MohebbiFar, R and Goudarzi, GH.R and Rahimi, H}, title = {Technical Efficiency in Hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Hospitals have significant importance as the largest and most costly operational units in health care system. The rate of efficiency can be used as a criterion for the measurement and performance of productivity and resource consumption in hospitals. Objective: To determine technical efficiencies of hospitals in Guilan University of medical sciences Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical –description carried out in medical universities hospitals located in the Guilan in the years 2012-13. The statistical population was consisted of 19 hospitals. Preliminary data was collected based on self-made check List with reference to the university Statistical Center and selected University hospitals. For data analysis and Technical efficiency measures, Deap2.1 and SPSS16 software, were used for data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Results: The average technical efficiency of studied hospitals was 0.943 also managerial efficiency and mean scale efficiency were 0.961 and 0.980 respectively. In regard to technical efficiency, 8 hospitals have the maximum (1), 10 hospitals have 0.8-1 and 1 hospital have less than 0.8 technical efficiency. Conclusion: The technical efficiency of hospitals with less than (1) optimal value, was due to different initial and optimal values and had surplus inputs hence, to achieve maximum performance, hospitals must reduce surplus inputs to achieve the desired performance level.}, Keywords = {Hospital, Technical Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis }, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Maghsudi, SH and Khoshtarash, M and Ghanbari, A and Tabari, R}, title = {Quality of Patient Education Pamphlets in Hospitals in Rasht, Northern Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Patient education is one of the nursing important performances in all domains and it has many benefits and positive results in health maintenance and promotion. Numerous studies have been performed to determine the various methods in effective patient education programs, but the quality of patient education has not been addressed sufficiently. Aim: To determine the quality of patient education pamphlets in therapeutic and educational centers in Rasht. Materials and Methods: In our cross-sectional study, 172 patient education pamphlets in Rasht Educational and Therapeutic centers have been collected and their quality was evaluated against valid and reliable researcher-made checklist consisting of four sections (1) title, (2) text, (3) appearance and visual attraction, and (4) structure and general points. Calculation of readability was done using McLauglin,s SMOG (Simplified Measure Of Gobbledygoop) formula. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 17. Results: Mean scores of quality for title, text, appearance and visual attraction, and structure and general points were 5.72±1.09, 11.97±2.84, 6.67±2.14, and 6.21±2.08, respectively. Also, patient education pamphlets were written on average at 11 grade level (11.58±1.4) and only 1.2 percent of them were written at recommended level (at or below the sixth grade level). Conclusion: The results showed more than half of the pamphlets in Educational and Therapeutic centers had undesirable quality and majority of them were not of desirable readability level (6 and less). Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Pamphlet, Patient education}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {80-88}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Assadianrad, M and Tabarzan, N and Barzigar, A and Mirrazeghi, F and Soltanipour, S and Kheirkhah, J and Moladoust, H and Bonakdar, H.R}, title = {Left Ventricular Function Before and After CRT Implantation in Heart Failure Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction:Ventricular dyssynchrony is frequently encountered in heart failure patients, especially in those with wide QRS intervals. Some surveys have shown thatCardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) could be a promising technique with benefits. Objective: Comparison of left ventricular function before and after CRT implantation inheart failure patients. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 65consecutive heart failure patients, who were candidates for cardiac resynchronization were enrolled and evaluated for Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV), Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV) and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) before CRT. Echocardiographic evaluations were done3-6 months after CRT. The response to CRT was defined as the decrease of LVESV ≥ 15%. Results: The study group included 27 women (41.5%) and 38 men (58.5%), with a mean (± SD) age of 62 ±12 years. Totally, 46 (70.8%) responded to CRT and 19 (29.2%) were nonresponsive, so that the mean LVEF (%) significantly increased and LVESV and LVEDV decreased significantly after CRT in responsive ones (P=0.0001, P=0.001 and p=0.0001, respectively). Conclusion:The present survey showed the improvement of echocardiographic findingin heart failurepatients with wide QRS after CRT. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Electrocardiography, Heart Failure}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {89-94}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-424-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {88}, pages = {95-104}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-426-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2014} }