@article{ author = {Ghaffari, SMA and Moshtaghie, SAA}, title = {Changes in Parameters Related to Serum Iron Metabolism in Indium Treated Rats}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Indium is used as an element for radio imaging in diagnosis of cancers and also as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancers. It is believed that indium may interfere with iron metabolism and reduce cell growth in cancer tissues. Objective: Objective of present study was to examine Indium interaction in plasma concentration changes and parameters related to the iron metabolism. Materials and Methods: Indium as Indium-Chloride was injected (I.P) daily to male rats (2.1 mg/kg for 10 days and 0.35 mg/kg for 30 and 60 days). Animals were anaesthetized and sera were collected at indicated time. Serum iron parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Transferrin was isolated using immunoaffinity chromatography technique. Results: Daily administration of Indium (2.1 mg / kg) as Indium Chloride for 10 days reduced serum levels of iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Hemoglobin and Hematocrit by 58, 46, 50 and 48 percent respectively. It was suggested that transferrin saturation be reduced by 20 percent. Significant reductions in the aboved parameters were also seen where Indium (0.35 mg / kg) was injected daily for 30 and 60 days. Conclusion: Results obtained from present study indicated that Indium might be able to interfere with iron metabolism. More investigation is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism by which Indium undertakes its role in the cells with intracellular Iron biochemical pathways.}, Keywords = {Indium, Iron, Transferrin}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-659-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Chehrzad, MM and Shafieipour, SZ and Mirzaei, M and Kazemnejad, E}, title = {Comparison Between Two Methods: Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) and Traditional on Nursing Students’ Satisfaction}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Evaluation is the last stage of educational activities, and clinical practice is an important part of nursing education and the evaluation of nursing clinical practice is essential in overall evaluation. Objective: This study was carried out to compare two methods of clinical evaluation (OSCE and traditional) on nursing students’ satisfaction. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, all the nursing students of Rasht nursing faculty who were trained in pediatric wards were randomly divided into two groups, one group evaluated by OSCE, and other group by traditional method. Then, in order to determine the effect of evaluation methods, students’ satisfaction was checked through a satisfaction form. Data were gathered by checklists for nine stations, satisfactory rating scale on 6 domains and traditional evaluation form. Results: The highest rate of students’ satisfaction in all domains belonged to OSCE group (P<0005). Conclusion: OSCE can evaluate nursing students’ clinical skills more than the other methods and can trigger more satisfaction among them.}, Keywords = {Educational Measurement, Personal Satisfaction, Student- Nursing }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {8-13}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-660-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-660-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Jafarzadeh, F and Najafi, F}, title = {Investigation of Knowledge and Attitude of Family Health Workers about IUD, Norplant and DMPA in Health Care Centers in East of Guilan Between 2001- 2002}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: In Iran, the health care is mainly carried out by health networks in the different areas and in these health networks, the urban health care centers and health workers with providing family planning services for women have the main role in the development of family planning programs. Therefore, for providing high quality and varied services, frequent assessment is necessary. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine knowledge and attitude of family health workers about IUD, Norplant and DMPA in health care centers in east of Guilan between 2001-2002. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive research that was performed in 2001-2002. The number of research samples were 63. Research samples were according to study population. The method of sampling was convenience. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire during one month. Then, for statistical analysis an anova test was used. Results: The majority of subjects (55/6%) had high knowledge about IUD and most of them (79.4%) were well- informed of DMPA and 58/7% of family health workers in this study had average (moderate) knowledge toward Norplant. According to the findings of this survey, the majority of subjects (96/8%), (72/6%) and (84/1%) respectively had positive attitudes about IUD, DMPA and Norplant. Also, knowledge was only related to accessibility of new scientific resources (references) (p<0/005) and attitude was only related to information sources (p<0/05). Conclusion: With regard to the research findings and low or moderate knowledge of the magority of family health workers about Norplant and considering the statistical relationship between knowledge and accessibility of new scientific data and relationship between attitude and information sources, frequent evaluation and provision of formulated instructions and modern scientific resources and training classes or continuing refreshment course for family health workers are necessary.}, Keywords = {Contraceptive, Contraceptive Devices, Family Health, Health Personnel, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-661-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-661-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Ghayeghran, AR and FatheSami, SH}, title = {Survey on Prevalence of Migraine in Highschool Students of Rasht- City}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Migraine is a common disease which frequently begins in adolescence. According to previous studies, migraine prevalence in adolescence ranges from 6% to 12%. Objective: This descriptive – analytic study was carried out to determine the prevalence of migraine in highschool students of Rasht in the spring of 2002. Materials and Methods: To carry out the study, a sample of 1965 high- school students within age group of 14-18y/old was selected and the UCSD migraine questionnaire was used as the instrument of the study. The questionnairres were distributed among the samples and the answers to them were analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Results: Overall prevalence rate for migraine was 8.85% (95% CI, 6.7to10.1). The prevalence of migraine with Aura was 1.88% (95% CI, 1.3to 2.5) and that of migraine without Aura was 6.97%(95% CI 5.8 to 8.1). The prevalence of migraine without Aura was 3.7 times more than that of migraine with Aura (P<0.001). Among migranous students, the female to male ratio was 1.9:1(P<0.001). Conclusion: We found that migraine is relatively common in highschool students and some measures to identify migrainous students and to treat them properly should be undertaken.}, Keywords = {Epidemiology, Migraine, Students}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {22-26}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, A and Hashemi, A and Sajjadi, M}, title = {Effect of Washing the Irradiated Skin with Water and Soap During Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients in Imam Hospital (2002)}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The effect of washing the irradiated skin during radiation therapy for breast cancer is uncertain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of washing with water and mild soap on the breast cancer patients’ skin. Materials and Methods: 108 patients under treatment for breast cancer were randomized, prior to receiving chest radiation therapy, into two groups: (1) no wash group during radiation therapy (54 patients) and (2) washing group with water and soap during radiation therapy (54 patients). Acute skin toxicity grade was recorded according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) for each patient every week during radiation therapy and 1 month after the end of radiation therapy. Symptoms related to skin toxicity (itching, burning, pain) were recorded as none, mild, moderate and severe according to the patient complaint. Results: In the non- washing group, the following maximum acute toxicity scores were observed: grade 0=0%, grade 1=33%, grade 2=61%, grade 3=5% and grade 4=0%. For the washing group, the scores were: grade 0=3.7%, grade 1=64%, grade 2=24%, grade 3=5%, grade 4=1.8%. Moist desquamation was seen in 38.8% of non-washing and 25.9% of washing group, the median score of itching, burning, pain was lower in washing group and was statistically significant. No washing, dose of radiation and weight were associated with acute skin toxicity that were statistically significant. Conclusion: Washing the irradiated skin during the course of radiation therapy for breast cancer doesn’t trigger increased skin toxicity on the contrary, it decreases the skin toxicity and should not be avoided.}, Keywords = {Anti- Infective Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Radio Therapy, Sapes, Skin Diseases- Complications }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-663-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-663-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Mojtabaei, SH and Noorsalehi, E}, title = {Survey on Efficacy of Antibiotics in Gram Negative Septicemia in Neonates and Children}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Septicemia is a common and serious disease in pediatric group. The majority of children who are hospitalized and get septicemic, their infections are due to gram negative pathogens. Objective: This study aimed to examine the results of antibiotics consumption in gram negative septicemia among neonates and children and to choose the appropriate and effective antibiotics for treatment of gram negative septicemia in our community. Materials and Methods: Inpatients in Hefdah- Shahriver Children Hospital were examined for symptoms of gram negative septicemia for a one- year period, and a total of 50 cases with positive blood culture. Blood cultures obtained were tested in terms of bacterial growth and the type of bacteria was found on basis of colonization. Then antibiogram was taken and antibiotics sensitivities were determined by in vitro. Also, the effect of elective antibiotics for improvement was investigated in vivo. Results: In data analysis, it was found that the most common infective pathogen was E.coli (46%) and Klebsilla (27%) was in the second place. The majority of patients were in the age group of neonates (86%). After that, in ages above 5 years, prevalence rate of gram negative septicemia was greater (10%). In view point of risk factors of the disease, IV catheter (13%), prematurity in neonates (8%) and urinary infection in other ages were more common. In terms of antibiotics sensitivity, the highest susceptibility was seen in Amikacine and only few cases of resistance to it were observed so that E.coli and anterobacter susceptibility to Amikacine was 6% and that of Klebsilla and Psodomona was about 100% . Conclusion: Third generation of Cephalosporines were effective for these pathogens in 76% of cases. In spite of lower laboratory susceptibility to the third generation of antibiotics, treatments were often carried out by those antibiotics and good clinical responses were observed.}, Keywords = {Antibiotics, Infant, Newborn, Septicemia }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {32-44}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-665-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {MansoorGhanai, F and Asmar, M and Mozafari, N and Afrah, A and Geranmayeh, S and Bagherzadeh, AH and Ekbataninejad, SH}, title = {Isolation of Helicobacterpylori with PCR Method from Oral Aphthous of Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Rasht in 2002}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disorder, which is characterized by ulcers restricted to oral mucousa. Regarding the inspection of histological similarities between peptic ulcers and recurrent oral aphthous and the response of RAS to the broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment such as tetracycline and the identified role of H.pylori in peptic ulcers, the possibility of bacterial involvement in the progression of oral aphtous ulcers has been suggested. Hence, there are limited evidence available for colonization of H. pylori and its probable role in induction of oral aphthouse ulcers. Objective: We aimed to distinguish the probable presence of H.pylori in brushed sample of oral aphthous ulcers by PCR method. Materials and Methods: In this study, we sampled the oral aphtous ulcers with the toothbrush in patients with RAS. PCR which is a very precise and sensitive technique for isolation of H. pylori in ulcer samples of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and in samples from other parts of the oral cavity. Serologic tests such as ELISA were also done in all patients for determination of IgG antibody. Both PCR and ELISA were done in all patients. Evaluated patients were people presenting to the laboratory with the diagnosis of RAS, from the beginning of 2001 till the end of 2002. Results: Study patients were between 18 to 60 years old and the average age among them was 32/38  11/30. 26 patients (52%) had positive ELISA test and we obtained H.pylori DNA in one patient (2%) in a total of 50 evaluated patients. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, H. Pylori DNA can’t be found in aphthous ulcers of these patients, even in those with positive anti H. Pylori, anti body (IgG) results. And it is probable that these bacteria aren’t involved in oral recurrent aphthous ulcers.}, Keywords = {Helicobacter Pylori, Mouth Diseases, Peptic Ulcer, Polymerase Chain Reaction }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Avijgan, M}, title = {Aloe Vera Gel as an Effective and Cheap Option for Treatment in Chronic Bed Sores}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, chronic ulcers are one of the most expensive issues of health problems. Conventional treatments include, anti-biotic therapy, anti septic drugs and sometimes surgical debridment and in some cases skin graft, which in cases like diabetics or bed sores are the most effective and best methods. Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate Aloe Vera gel (AVG) effect on the quality and duration of the ulcer healing process. Because no studies had been done in this field in Iran, we decided to do it. Materials and Methods: This study included 19 patients who had undergone common treatments therapy for at least one month but without any appropriate response. We applied AVG topically 2-3 times daily on the various kinds of ulcers. We considered a golden time for healing such as three months for blood vascular insufficiency ulcers and bed sore, and one month for burn ulcers and others. This was a prospective study and because each patient was the control of his own-self, so it was a pre- post after study, too. Results: Healing of ulcers was happened in 16(84.2%) cases and was failed in 3(15.8%) cases which was mainly due to non-compliance. Overall mean times for healing of ulcer was 31.25 days. The healing measures included the mean time for reduction of redness, swelling, secretion of ulcer and time for closure of ulcer. Maximum time for healing of ulcer was 90 days for bed sores and mean time for bed sores was 58.1 days. Minimum time for healing of ulcer was related to surgical ulcers (minimum 3 days) and mean time was 11 days. Statistical difference was significant (P Value =0). Conclusion: Like previous studies, AVG was effective on the quality and rate of healing process of the ulcers. Besides, compared to common treatment. It is much more effective and inexpensive.}, Keywords = {Aloe, Plant- Medicinal, Wounds and Injuries }, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-666-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-666-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Yazdani, M and Pishwa, N and Shakeri, S}, title = {Survey on Intravenous Fluid of Intrapartum Maternal Glucose in Acid Base of Newborns}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Acid base disorders are considered as important but preventable problems in newborns. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the effect of intrapartum 5% glucose in the intravenous fluid on umbilical cord acid-base and glucose status after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods: This research is a control- case and a prospective randomized trial. To conduct this study, 200 pregnant women presenting to obstetrics & Gynecology wards of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected. These parturients were at age range of 18-39, healthy, with cervical dilatation ≥ 4cm(active phase) and vertex presentation with normal fetal heart rate. 100 women received ringer lactate solution and 100 women ringer’s lactate solution containing 5% glucose as maintenance Iv fluid during labor. Blood gases of neonates were compared in both groups. Results: There was a significant difference in cord PH in R/L +5% glucoses as a maintenance Iv fluid between 100 parturients of case group (7.29± 0.03) and in R1L solution in 100 parturients of control group (7.22± 0.04 (p=0.00) and pco2 in R/L+5% glucose was lower than R1L group (48.7 mm Hg± 6.1 versus 57.7 mmHg±2.3 (p=0.00) and HCO3 in R/L+5% glucose was higher than R/L group (24.8 meq/L± 1.8 versus 20.9 meq/L±2.07 (p=0.00) and base excess in first group – 4.8±0.7 meq/L versus- 5.7±1 meq/L e p=0.00). There were no statistical differences between two groups according to cord arterial glucose and neonatal glucose level and Apgar scores. Conclusion: Intrapartum intravenous fluid consisting of lactate Ringer’s solution containing 5% glucose reduces umbilical cord acidemia and hypercarbia and base excess but increased HCO3 and no change in cord level of glucose was observed. Lactated Ringer’s solution containing 5% glucose maybe a preferable solution than solution without glucose as an intravenous fluid during labor.}, Keywords = {Blood Gas Analysis, Glucose, Infant- Newborn, Infusion- Parenteral, Labor, Umblical}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Asadi, K}, title = {Does Intercortical Bone Graft Obtaining from Iliac Crest Have Any Effect on Pain and Hematoma at Donor Site?}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Bone graft is one of the most common orthopedic operations. The most common donor site is iliac crest. Pain and hematoma of donor site has been reported in some patients. Objective: This research was carried out to evaluate a bone grafting procedure (intercortical) and its effect upon the rate of hematoma and pain in donor site in comparison with the usual method (the graft is obtained from outer iliac table with cancellous bone). Materials and Methods: In a prospective (cohort) study, 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups (A, B). In group A, the bone graft has been obtained from outer iliac table with cancellous bone, and in group B, the graft has been obtained from intercortical bone with preservation of outer and inner table. 48 patients were followed up for two years. (Group A 25 (%83) and group B 23(%77). Results: Two years after operation there was no significant difference between group A (20%)and group B (17%) for donor site pain (P>0.02). For hematoma after operation, the results were the same. The mean weight of graft in group A was 36gr and in group B 25.7 gr. The average duration of operation in group B was 20.3minutes and 14 minutes in group A(P<0.05) Conclusion: The intercortical graft obtaining from iliac crest has no significant effect upon decreasing pain and hematoma in donor site, but it makes the operation longer and weight of graft is less than usual method.}, Keywords = {Bone Transplantation, Cortic, Hemorrhage, Pain}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {58-61}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-668-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-668-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Kelishadi, R and Hashemipoor, M and Sarrafzadegan, N and Sadri, GH H and Bashardoost, N and Alikhasi, H and Ansari, R and Asgari, H and Pashmi, R and RafieeTabatabaiee, S}, title = {Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Smoking and the Consequences of Smoking on Major Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors in Adolescent: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program- Heart Health Promotion from Childhood}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Despite the health policies, the prevalence of smoking has been increasing among adolescents and the age of its beginning has been decreasing. Objective: This study was performed in order to consider the effects of environmental factors on smoking and its hazards on the health of adolescents in order to plan community-based interventions against it. Materials and Methods: In a longitudinal cross-sectional study performed in urban and rural areas of Isfahan, Najaf-Abad and Arak, 1950 questionnaires of students and the same number for parents and 468 questionnaires of school staff have been completed. Questionnaires about smoking were completed secretly and without name. Students have been selected by random multi-stage sampling from middle- and high schools. Physical examination and blood sampling was performed by expert nurses in schools. Results: Among students, 4% of girls, 12.9% of boys and 8.7% of all studied subjects reported to smoke at least one cigarette per day. The mean age of smoking was 14.61.7 years in girls and 14.8 1.69 years in boys (P=0.5). The prevalence of smoking in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (OR = 3.34, %95 CI=2.33-4.77, P<0.001). The mean value of total and LDL cholesterol was significantly higher in smokers and their HDL-C was lower than non-smokers (P < 0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (110.714.5, 67.611.35 mmHg, 20.343.84 vs. 104.914.3, 63.210.8 mmHg, 19.553.66, respectively, P<0.05). The mean consumption frequency was lower for fruits and vegetables and higher for fat/salty snacks in smokers than non-smokers. Only 5.6% of students mentioned that they became aware of smoking hazards from school staff and most of the students considered scientific TV programmes as the most important source for their knowledge about these hazards. The Odds Ratio of smoking was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.1-2.07, P=0.01) for those with smoker parents and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.22-2.32, P=0.001) with parents opposed to regular extracurricular exercise of their children. The father’s education level of smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed significant effect of sex, age and number of smokers in family on adolescent smoking. Conclusion: Considering the susceptibility of adolescents to begin smoking, the role of families in this regard and inadequate information given in schools about the smoking hazards and also considering the higher prevalence of major CVD risk factors in smoker adolescents compared to non- smoker ones, it is suggested to implement community-based interventions through families, schools and mass media in order to increase the knowledge and to improve the practice of adolescents against smoking.}, Keywords = {Smoking, Adolescents, Environmental Factors, Cardiovascular Disease Lifestyle}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {62-75}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Kalantari, S}, title = {Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) in Rasht}, abstract ={ِAbstract Introduction: Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism before 6 weeks of birth and preferably at birth, prevents brain damage. Neonatal screening for CH is carried out routinely in developed countries. Overall, the incidence of CH is 1.4000 infants in average. The incidence is higher in iodine deficient areas also more transient TSH elevation is observed in these districts. Objective: This study was conducted to clarify thyroid dysfunction in the neonates born in Rasht Alzahra Hospital, after elimination of Iodine deficiency in the province. Materials and Methods: All the newborns, up to 3000 neonates, born in one year were included in the study. TSH was measured in cord blood serum immediately after birth by IRMA method. TSH  20 mU/L was considered abnormal. Venous sampling for TSH & T4 was done on recalled patients. Neonates with T4 and TSH measurements 10 mU/L respectively or TSH> 30 mU/L alone were considered hypothyroid. Hypothyroid neonates were evaluated for renal and cardiac anomalies by sonography and echocardiography. Results: 62 neonates had TSH20 mU/L. The mean of cord blood TSH was 32.5 mU/L, with a range of 20-123 mU/L. in recall, only 2 cases (one girl, one boy) had elevated TSH (TSH>10mu/L) and were considered hypothyroid. None of them had clinical findings of hypothyroidism, goiter and congenital anomalies. Conclusion: With respect to the high incidence of CH and transient TSH elevation (57 cases, 1.9%), supervision on production and consumption of iodide salts via periodic screening of population for iodine deficiency and neonatal screening for CH is strongly suggested.}, Keywords = {Cretinism, Hypothyroidism, Infant- Newborn}, volume = {13}, Number = {50}, pages = {76-80}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} }