@article{ author = {Dianatitilaki, R and Yousefi, Z and Yazdanicherati, J and Ghasemi, SM}, title = {Comparison of Ni(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Natural and Citric Acid Modified Rice Straw}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Contamination of water by toxic heavy metals through the discharge of industrial wastewater is a worldwide environmental problem. Up to now various methods of removing of heavy metals from aqueous solutions have been considered, including use of agricultural wastes as a low cost adsorbent. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare nickel removal from aqueous solutions by natural rice straw and modified with citric acid. Materials and Methods: This study was non-continuous experiment carried out under laboratory conditions by changing effective factors such as pH(2 to 7), contact time(5 to 180 minutes), nickel concentration(1 to 80 ppm) and natural and modified rice straw dosage(0.9 to 5 g/l). The concentration of nickel was measured by atomic adsorbtion in accordance with standard method. Data was analyzed using ANOVA test. Results: Optimum pH and equilibrium time by the two adsorbents were 5 and 90 minute, respectively. The efficiency of adsorbtion rate increased with increase of the initial concentration of nickel and the increase of adsorbent dose. Efficiency of natural and modified rice straw in the optimum state was 55% and 80% respectively. The kinetic and isotherm was pseudo second order and Langmuir, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, rice straw appears to be suitable, low cost and efficient adsorbent for removing ni(II) from aqueous solutions.}, Keywords = {Rice straw, Nickel, Adsorption, Isoterm, Kinetic}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1095-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1095-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {PourAli, M and Hashemian, H and Heidarzadeh, A and Amini, MR and Sartavi, M and FallahKarkan, M}, title = {Mothers’ Knowledge of Children Civil Vaccination Program Content and its Related Factors in Rasht- Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Immunization against common infectious diseases is of great value in preventing early death in low aged children and is very effective and cost benefit worldwide. Health care officials and parents’ awareness of children vaccination program can be very effective in directing health service planning. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge of mothers about vaccination as directed by civil vaccination program in Rasht. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional- analytical study performed on mothers referred to health centers of Rasht from October, 2013 to June, 2014. Tool of research was questionnaire including parents and family demographic data, source of knowledge about vaccination and questions about knowledge of mothers. Sampling method was cluster based and 392 mothers were interviewed in health centers of Rasht. After data entry in SPSS version 18 software, descriptive statistics and T-test and ANOVA test were used for analysis Results: Most mothers were between 25-29 years old (41.1%), and most of them vaccinated their children for the first time (62.2%). Most of them had diploma degree (48.2%), and were housewife (87%). We found that most of them had moderate knowledge and 15.6% had little knowledge and only 8.7% had good knowledge about vaccination. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of mothers and their education (P=0.032), their jobs (P=0.008), educational level of their husbands (P=0.014) and source of information (P=0.021). Conclusion: Knowledge of mothers about vaccination in this study was moderate in most cases. Therefore, consulting programs on vaccination for mothers is suggested in our country. In doing so, optimizing health and educational grounds, besides training and promoting parents’ level of knowledge are recommended.}, Keywords = {Awareness,Mothers, Vaccination}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {13-21}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1097-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1097-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AsadpourRahimabadi, k and Hashemitabar, Gh and Mojtahedi, A}, title = {Antibiotic-resistance Patterns in E.Coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Rasht}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common cause of infection in human. Meanwhile, E.coli is the most common cause of UTI. Increasing antibiotic resistance E.coli leads to treatment failure. Given the difference in antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Escherichia coli, investigation into antibiotic resistance of this bacterium in each region is necessary. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E.coli isolated from urine culture of patients admitted to several hospitals in Rasht. Materials and Method: In a descriptive study in 2014 in Rasht, 980 urine samples were analyzed. E.coli was isolated from the samples of hospitalized patients with UTI who had not received antibiotics and then, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Combined disk method was used to detect ESBLs producing E.coli. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: From 195 isolated E.coli, 76.93% and 23.07% of strains were from women and men, respectively. In this study, the most effective antibiotic was Imipenem. The most antibiotic resistance rates among Penicillins belonged to Oxacillin and Ampicillin and in Cephalosporins belonged to Cephalotin. Also, Cefoxitin had the least resistance rate. Among quinolones, the highest resistance rate belonged to Nalidixic acid. Furthermore, resistance to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin and Tetracycline was 8.2%, 8.71% and 11.79%, respectively. Among 195 strains of E.coli, 36.92% were ESBL producers. Conclusion: According to the results, antibiogram test using proper antibiotic disks, rational prescription and no indiscriminate use of antibiotics and no use of unprescribed antibiotics seem necessary.}, Keywords = {Antibiotics, Beta Lactamases, Drug Resistance, Escherichia Coli, Urinary Tract Infection}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {22-29}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1098-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1098-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {HatamSiahkalMahalle, AR and Rezaei, S and YousefzadehChabok, SH and Reyhaniyan, A}, title = {The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Personnel,of the Personnal of PourSina Hospital ,Rasht}, abstract ={Introduction: The advantages of some organizations over others, are the employees in those organizations whose level of loyalty and commitment causes the duties to be performed with higher quality.The sensitivity of this issue in hospitals could be in the spotlight. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the largest trauma hospital (Poursina) in the north of Iran. Materials and Methods: The survey was a cross-sectional one and statistical population included all physicians, nurses, radiology staff, administrative and the services personnel of Pour-sina hospital in Rasht. Totally, 216 individuals were selected by Quota sampling and responded to demographic information, emotional intelligence, organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment questionnaires. All data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Results: Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that three predictive variables of social awareness (&beta=0.324, P<0.0001), procedural justice (&beta=0.286, P<0.0001), and duration of education (&beta=-0.248, P<0.0001) could significantly explain %19 of the shared variance of organizational commitment (F= 15.037,P<0.0001). Conclusion: The organizational commitment is the major factor affecting the quality of hospital services, and managers of such therapeutic centers can improve their levels of organizational commitment by promoting the social awareness and adhering to procedural justice, especially in personnel with high education. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Hospital, University}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {30-41}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1099-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1099-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghayeghran, A and Janeshin, S and Saberi, A and Sohrabnezhad, R and Kazemnezhad, E}, title = {The Relationship between Opium Addiction and Ischemic Stroke}, abstract ={Introduction: Ischemic stroke occurs due to obstruction of one feeding artery of the brain. One of its preventable factors with yet no clear role is opium addiction. The suggested mechanisms are the decrement of total oxygen consumption, and increase of the coagulation potential and serum level of fibrinogen, inhibition of the function of calcium and venous endothelial growth factor and increase of the serum level of total cholesterol Objective: To investigate the relationship between opium addiction and thrombotic ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study which was conducted in Rasht hospitals from April 2013 to March 2014, two groups with and without ischemic stroke were assessed in terms of opium dependency, dosage and the methods of consumption. The data were analyzed using the chi square Fisher's exact test, Independent t-Test and multiple logistic regression models by SPSS version 19. (The significance level > 0.05) Results: A total of 83 patients (47% female, 53% male) with mean age of 68.5±15.05 years and  83 control subjects (37.3% female, 62.7% male) with mean age of 67.9±13.5 years (p>0.05) were assessed. Thirty three patients (39.8%) in the patient group and 17 subjects (20.5%) in the control group were consuming opium (p = 0.007). But after adjustment of the effects of underlying and confounding variables, opium was excluded from final multivariate logistic regression model [OR=1.95, 95% CI: 0.8- 4.2, p= 0.096].There was no difference in the amount and the methods of opium consumption between the two groups (p>0.05). But the duration of addiction was longer among the patients than that among the controls (p=0.024) Conclusion: Opium and its method of consumption and amount are not associated with ischemic stroke. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Cerebrovascular accident, Opium}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {42-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1100-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1100-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shahbahrami, A and MoayedRezaie, SH and Hafezi, M}, title = {Effective Factors in Acceptance of Electronic Health Record From Employees Point of View}, abstract ={Introduction: Electronic Health Record (EHR) is one of the main applications of health technology that includes all data and information related to health care and the collected data are stored in digital forms.  Integrated access and representing of all patients’ data is the main goal of the EHR system and it improves clinical care and reduces medical errors. One technique for efficient implementation of the EHR is establishing the health information system in hospitals. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the factors and criteria that affect the adoption of EHR in hospitals from doctors, nurses, and employees’ point of view. In addition, identifying the obstacles and challenges to the EHR establishment in hospitals is important. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive and analytical procedures applied to the population consisting of doctors and staff at hospitals in Rasht. Using a questionnaire, "evaluation of the staff and doctors of electronic health records" participants’ viewpoints were studied and analyzed. Gender, age, experience, status of implementation of hospital information systems and job categories were the different variables of this research study. Results: The gender, occupational category and the full deployment of health information systems in hospitals had no effect on the employee's perspective toward electronic health records (P>0.05), while factors such as age and experience had some effect on the implementation of EHR (P=0.006 and P=0.0001). In other words, with increasing the employees’ ages and work experiences, their opinions about the implementation of EHR are significantly improved (P=0.003 and P =0.0001). This is because when the employees’ skills are promoted, using the established EHR in hospitals and learning the different facilities and abilities of the system can consequently help develop their perspectives about the system. Conclusions: The obtained results show that the employees’ age and experience are important factors to the acceptance of the EHR in hospitals and clinic care centers. This is because a person who is involved in hospital jobs learns and sees the different facilities of the established EHR in practice and understands the requirements and adapts himself/ herself with the established electronic health records. In addition, performance of EHR implementation can be improved through education and raising awareness aimed at people who are dealing with the system. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Electronic Health Record, Health Information System}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {50-60}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1101-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1101-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rafizadeh, A and Shariati, SH and SafarzadehVishekaei, MN}, title = {Determination of Herbal Distillates Methanol Using a New Diagnostic Kit}, abstract ={Introduction: In recent years, the appearance of nervous blindness caused by drinking the herbaceous distillates has created some serious anxieties. Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce a sensitive, accurate, inexpensive and easy method for measuring methanol in herbal distillates, based on chromotropic acid method and use the respective  results to determine some herbal distillates methanol content produced by different companies. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 herbaceous distillates (10 different kinds from 3 companies) produced by industrial method were used as samples and all of tests were done by using a new trademark kit for herbal distillates. This new kit was designed and innovated based on valid chromotropic acid method recently patented. Results: The obtained results showed that all of the examined samples were having different amounts of methanol. Conclusion: Since the continued production of methanol occurs in life time of plants, the determination of permitted amount of methanol in herbal distillates is necessary. In addition, all of the producers and the supervising centers must control the methanol level in such products Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Analysis, Methanol, Plants, Medicinal}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ajoudani, A and Sadoughi, M and Sadraie, S H and Kaka, Gh}, title = {Study of the Bone Defect Repair Using Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Gelatin-Chitosan Membrane in Rat}, abstract ={Introduction: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic cells. Today, biocompatible scaffold has emerged as a novel treatment for replacement of lost bone tissue. Objective: This study evaluated the repairment of bone defect using bone marrow stromal cells and gelatin-chitosan membrane in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sixty male adult Albino Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups as follows: Group 1 (control group) received no treatment after bone defect. Group 2 (sham group) after bone defect, the culture medium was injected at the site of bone defect. Group 3 (gelatin-chitosan group), with gelatin-chitosan membrane used into bone defect. Group 4 with BMSCs transplanted into bone defect and Group 5 with cell transplantation with chitosan - gelatin membrance used into bone defect. Results: No significant difference was found between the controls and Sham group, according to radiopacity test but  radiograph bone opacity increased in chitosan - gelatin and cell groups, compared to control group but the differences were not significant. On the other hand, in cell-GC group compared to control group, radiopacity decreased but was not significant. Our biomechanical results showed the mean of F max was significantly increased in cell group compared to control group, and in Gelatin-Chitosan group compared to control group was increased but the difference was not significant and in cell-GC group compared to control group it was decreased but the difference was not significant, either. Conclusion: It seems that gelatin-chitosan membrane transplantation can partly be useful for repairing of bone defect. Although the use of bone marrow stromal cells with the membrane could help a little to repair of bone defects, cell transplantation alone is better for repairing the bone defects. Conflict of interest: non declared}, Keywords = {Bone, Cell Transplans, Gelatin, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Rats}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {68-78}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1103-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1103-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Soleimani, R and Jalali, MM}, title = {Comparative Relationship of Copying Style Strategies with Academic Achievement in Adolescents with or Without Hearing Impairment}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Hearing loss in children may cause limitation in social interactions. Therefore, an efficient coping styles of these children could have a positive impact on the relationships and confidence. Objective: To compare coping styles between school students with or without hearing impairment in the city of Rasht Materials and Methods: This analytic descriptive study was performed in 2014. Totally, 54 adolescents with hearing impairment (39 boys and 15 girls) were selected from the Baghcheban School in Rasht from 6th-12th grade. Controls were 70 healthy adolescents (46 boys and 24 girls) age-matched with cases. The participants completed the Adolescent Coping Scale and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t test and Chi square. Results: Adolescents with hearing impairment used ‘Problem Focused Coping’, ‘Coping by Reference to Others’ and ‘Non-Productive Coping’ styles in 46.3, 42.6 and 66.6% of the time, respectively, while these styles were used in 22.9, 25.7 and 41.4% of the time by healthy adolescents. Although adolescents with hearing impairment used ‘Non-Productive Coping’ style frequently (P = 0.02), they used the efficient styles more than healthy controls (P = 0.04). The tendency of academic failure risk in adolescents with hearing impairment who used Non-Productive Coping’ style more, was significantly higher (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The findings of the present study highlight the importance of coping strategies for academic achievement in children with or without hearing impairment. Further research is needed to determine more precisely how the intervention program in patients with various sensory-neural impairments can improve coping processes.}, Keywords = {Adolescence, Hearing Disorders}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {79-86}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1108-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1108-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sharifi-Zahabi, E and Entezari, MH and Maracy, MR}, title = {Effects of Soy Flour Enriched Bread Consumption on Plasma Lipid Profile and its Association with ApoE Genotype in Overweight and Obese Women}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Soy products consumption may have favorable effects on cardiovascular diseases risk factors. These effects may be associated with the polymorphism in Apo E gene. Objective: To examine the effects of consumption of soy flour enriched bread on plasma lipids and its association with ApoE genotype in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized cross-sectional clinical trial, 30 overweight and obese women received a mild weight loss diet and then, randomly assigned to a regular diet and a soy bread diet, each for 6 weeks and a washout period for 20-d. In the soy bread diet group, 120 gr of soy flour enriched bread was replaced by equal amount of usual bread intake.   Results: No significant effect of soy bread on lipid profile was observed when comparing the two groups (P <0.05). Evaluation of the effects of the two ApoE groups E2 (&epsilon 2/ &epsilon2) and E3 (&epsilon3/ &epsilon3 or &epsilon2/ &epsilon3) showed a significant effect of soy bread on TG in E2 group, compared to E3 group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Soy bread consumption has favorable effects on serum TG of overweight and obese women with &epsilon2 allele.}, Keywords = {Apolipoproteins E, Lipids, Obesity, Soybeans}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {87-96}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1109-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1109-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Koolivand, A and Naddafi, k and Nabizadeh, R and Yari, AR}, title = {Trend of Changes of Temperature, pH and Nutrients in the In-vessel Composting of Oily Sludge Pre-treated with Hydrogen Peroxide and Fenton}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The performance of in-vessel composting process, as one of the most effective methods of oily sludge treatment, depends on factors such as nutrients, temperature and pH. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the trend of changes of temperature, pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the in-vessel composting of bottom sludge of crude oil storage tanks pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide and Fenton. Materials and Methods: In the first step of this descriptive study, the sludge was pre-treated with mixed hydrogen peroxide and Fenton. Then, the immature compost was mixed with the sludge at the ratios of 1:8, and 1:10 with the initial C/N/P of 100/5/1 and composted for a period of 10 weeks. The process of mixing and moisture adjustment of the mixtures was done 3 times a day during the composting period. Sampling and analysis were performed every week for organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, every other day for pH, and every day for temperature. Results: The results showed that the concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus decreased sharply during the first weeks of the process period and then, they decreased gently. In addition, the increase of C/N and C/P indicated that the consumption rate of organic carbon was higher than that of the nitrogen and phosphorus. The changes of temperature and pH were not significant during the composting period. Conclusions: The similar trend of decrease of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the composting reactors is an indication of decrease in the activity of the microorganisms involved in petroleum hydrocarbons degradation.}, Keywords = {Fenton, Hydrogen Peroxide,Soil, Temperature}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {97-106}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khazaei, M and Mazdeh, M and Moradi, S}, title = {A Case Report of Arnold-Chiari Malformation and Syrinx with Claw Hand Deformity and Scapular Winging}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Arnold–Chiari malformation  is the brain stem and cerebellum tonsils descent into the foramen Magnum and often associated with Syrinx. Most patients are symptomatic when descending tonsils are over 12mm. Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and MRI findings. The present study reports the case with claw hand deformity and syrinx. Case Report: A 36-year-old construction worker who had no history of previous illness presented with mild weakness and deformity of the upper limbs and had experienced 8 years ago this situation without pain in the left hand with the gradual progress. In neurological examination, atrophy in both the upper limbs with bilateral claw hands and in the lower extremity spasticity and increased reflexes and positive bilateral Babinski sign were seen. MRI shows Arnold–Chiari malformation with syrinx of cervical cord from C2 to T4. He was referred to neurosurgery Service for further treatment. Conclusion: In any patients with symptoms associated with progressive weakness and atrophy of the upper limb deformity which is painless and progressive onset, Syrinx is suspected and we need to confirm the diagnosis of cervical lesions with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .}, Keywords = {(Arnold Chiari I Malformation)}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {107-111}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1111-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1111-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Index}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {24}, Number = {96}, pages = {112-121}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1128-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1128-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2016} }