@article{ author = {Pourkazemi, A and Ghanbari, A and Fakour, F and Ghorbani, S}, title = {Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Students Toward Human Papilloma Virus in Rasht, 2013}, abstract ={Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) as the most common sexually transmitted disease, is directly associated with cervical cancer. The survey of knowledge and attitudes is a central point in determining the most appropriate strategies for effective intervention plan. Medical students as future public health workers can promote the community awareness about cervical cancer and how to prevent it. Objective: Hence, researchers decided to survey the HPV knowledge and attitudes of the medical students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 201 medical students were randomly selected. A questionnaire consisting of two parts of awareness (36 questions) and attitude (9 questions) was used. Scores higher than the average were defined as good knowledge and attitudes. CVI and CVR were calculated for validity and the values of both were greater than 90%. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha that was more than 80 %. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19. Results: In this study, mean age of medical students was 24.8±1.66 years and 56.2% of them were female. The source of information about HPV in 83.1 % of students was medical courses. The mean score obtained from the knowledge questionnaire was 18.9 ± 4.37 and 57.2% of students had poor knowledge about HPV. Knowledge was significantly related with age (P=0.002), taking lessons in virology (P=0.0001) and source of information (P=0.038). The mean score obtained from attitude questionnaires was 23.57±3.29 and 57.2% of students had good attitudes. Attitude about human papilloma virus was significantly related with taking lessons in virology (P=0.01) and source of information (P=0.007).A positive correlation between the scores of knowledge and attitude among medical students was seen (P>0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that the knowledge in more than half of the students was poor, however, the attitude in more than half of students was good. Plan for training programs to increase student awareness about HPV during their educational course is suggested. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Attitude Awareness Papillomavirus, Human Students, Medical}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1331-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1331-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nasiripour, AA and MaeboodMojdehi, Z and MaeboodMojdehi, E}, title = {Factors Affecting the Staff Empowerment: the Perspective of Staff Vice Chancellor of Management Development Resource Planning Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Given the variable conditions today, the organizations have no choice but utilization of human resources based on empowerment as the only influential factor in the balance making. Empowerment means that individual goals align with organizational goals and creates the respective belief. Objective: This research has been done with the aim of defining the factors associated with empowerment of employees. Materials and Methods: This research is a correlational, descriptive analysis. The statistical group includes employees in the Development Affairs of Guilan University of medical sciences and the study was carried out through census and using Spreitzer PEQ questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as : frequency distribution percentage and mean, inferential statistics like KS and Pearson tests were used. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between all the effective variables and empowerment including :  “Sense of partnership”(r=0/84 , P<0.5), “The feeling of being effective”(r=0/82 , P<0.5), “The feeling of competence” (r=0/78 , P<0.5), “The feeling of having the right to choose” (r=0/76 , P<0.5) and “Significant sensation”(r=0/58 , P<0.5).  The most significant impacts on contributing variables which empower employees were as follows: having the time and “freedom of action”(r=0/74 , P<0.5), “Use skill & talent” (r=0/71 , P<0.5), “The importance to the opinions of employees in organization”(r=0/70 , P<0.5), “The importance of teamwork” (r=0/60 , P<0.5), “Participation in the decision of leaders associated with the task”(r=0/50 , P<0.5). The use of participative management style (r=0.60 , p>0.05) was not found to be significant. Conclusion: Among the components, sharing with others has the highest correlation with the feeling of empowerment, and giving freedom to the staff was more effective on empowerment. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Staff empowerment, Perspective of staff, Resource planning, Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1332-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1332-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rahimi-ghilchalan, M and Jalili, Z and Farmanbar, R}, title = {Factors Related to Preventive Behaviors of Hepatitis B Based on Health Belief Model in High Risk Workers}, abstract ={Introduction: Hepatitis B is one of the most common occupational diseases. People who are dealing with blood and its derivatives as workers are at high risk for the diseases. The behavior of employees plays a major role in morbidity and spread of such diseases. These behaviors are related to motivation, perception of disease and individuals’ beliefs about disease so that these factors are part of the health belief model in health education. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine factors related to preventive behaviors of Hepatitis B based on health belief model in high risk workers. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, 110 high risk workers referred to health center no 6 in Rasht city, that is only service provider for employees at risk of hepatitis B vaccination were selected by simple sampling. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire based on health belief model. The data were analyzed using software SPSS through the Pearson correlation, independent t-test and analysis of variance. Results: Most of the participants were female (56 %) and mean age was 31 ± 7 years. As for preventive behaviors, 56 % of high-risk workers had not received hepatitis B vaccine. The findings of this study showed that among the Constructs of HBM, Perceived benefits and cues to action were significantly associated with Preventive behaviors of hepatitis B(P<0.005). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, reinforcement of the constructs of perceived benefits and cues to action can promote preventive behaviors of hepatitis B in high-risk workers. Therefore, precautious continuous training with emphasis on health belief model is recommended. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis, high risk workers, Health belief model, behaviors}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {19-27}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1333-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1333-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Abdollahi, F and RouhaniOtaghsara, S and Yazdani-Charati, J}, title = {Prevalence of Obesity and Overweightness among Adolescents in Mazandaran Province}, abstract ={Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity and overweightness has been a major focus during past decades. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of obesity/overweightness, its trend and related factors among adolescent students, in Mazandaran province. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study and using stratified, random sampling method, the students’ documents in the first degree of three educational levels; primary, lower secondary and upper secondary were assessed during 2005-2014 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated.  BMI Z-Score was categorized into three grades; normal (1≤z<- 2), over weight (1≤z<2), and obese (≥2). The prevalence of obesity at each level was investigated. Results: Based on BMI Z-score, 3.1%, 4%, and 2.9% of the sample popualtion at ages 7, 12 and 15 years were obese, respectively. Moreover, the rate of overweightness increased from 8.3% (98) at age 7 to 10.1% (121) and 10% (119) at ages 12 and 15 years, respectively. At the age of 15years, the rate of obesity and overweightness in girls was double that much of the boys (1.9% vs. 1.1% and 7% vs. 3%). There were no significant relationships between obesity/overweight and parent occupation and education, kind of school as well as students’ living places. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of obesity in Mazandaran in comparison to national adolescents’ obesity was low but the prevalence of overweightness was high at each educational level. Intervention programs for the prevention of overweightness should be initiated at primary or secondary school ages.  Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Adolescents Obesity Overweight}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {28-37}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1334-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1334-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Vaezi, S M and Mohammadzadeh, M and Pazhang, Y}, title = {Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Effect of Prednisolone on K562 Cell Line (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, rising of cancer prevalence has increased the importance of its treatment. Leukemia is the cancer of blood-forming tissues which derives from red and white blood progenitors cells. Prednisolone (Family members of glucocorticoid drugs) with anti-tumor and apoptotic effects has been considered by many researchers. Objective: The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of prednisolone on K562 cell line. Materials and Methods: First, The K562 cells were cultured. After, by using different concentrations of prednisolone, anti-tumor properties of this drug on K562 cells was measured by MTT assay after 72 hours. Finally, Hoechst (33342) staining and DNA electrophoresis were used for study of apoptosis.  Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and ANOVA test (P<0.05). Results: In this study, anti-tumor effect of prednisolone on K562 leukemia cell line was confirmed. The results also showed that prednisolone, compared with the control group, had cytotoxic activity that is highest in 100µM at 72 hours.Statistical analysis indicated that this drug inhibited the growth of K562 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, prednisolone is an effective agent for chronic myeloid leukemia therapy and prevention. We suggest that further studies on the effects of this drug on animal models and human be done. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis Prednisolone K562 Cell Line Anti-proliferation leukemia.}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {38-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1335-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1335-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Farokhi, F and PedarpoorVajargah, Sh}, title = {The Effect of Saffron on Renal Dysfunction in Male Mice Treated with Paraquat}, abstract ={Introduction: Paraquat is a common agricultural herbicide that is a strong stimulus in superoxide anions foundation. This radical is very toxic and may cause serious damages to different organs. Given the adverse effects of the free radicals, the anti oxidant compounds seem necessary. Anthocyanin in Saffron is a natural anti oxidant with active anti-tumor effects, antioxidants and removing free radicals, anti-pain and inflammation, and lowering blood pressure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of saffron on changes in kidney tissues in mice that were treated with paraquat. Materials and Methods: 30 male mice were assigned into 6 groups.group1 received normal food,water and corn oil. Two groups of mice were treated at a dose of 40,20mg/kg paraquat.one of these groups received Saffron at a dose of 80mg/kg.Two groups of mice were treated with paraquat and Saffron orally per day. At the end of 30 days, the mice were anesthetized and blood samples were prepared for measurement of serum parameters and kidneys were dissected out for measurment of MDA concentration and half of kidney was transferred into formalin for histological study. All data were analyzed by SPSS software.P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Kidney sections showed acute tubular necrosis and atrophy of glomerular capillaries in the mice treated with paraquat .Moreover, the rate of serum creatinine, urea and MDA concentration significantly increased in mice treated with Paraquat. While in kidney tissues of the mice treated with saffron these indicators were improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that saffron treats renal dysfunction in rats treated with paraquat. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Crocus Kidney Mice paraquat}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {47-56}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1336-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1336-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Najmi, B and Kia, EB and Hosseini, M and Mobedi, I and Kamranrashani, B}, title = {Comparative Efficacy of Nutrient Agar Plate Culture and Formalin Ether Concentration Methods in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Trichostrongyliasis}, abstract ={Introduction: Trichostrongyliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Trichostrongylus species. This nematode is common among domestic and wild herbivores which can also infect human. Low rate infections may be missed during laboratory diagnosis. Nutrient agar plate culture is efficient for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, but it has not been evaluated for diagnosis of trichostrongyliasis. Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of agar plate culture and formalin-ether concentration methods in laboratory diagnosis of human trichostrongyliasis. Materials and Methods: : During 2013-2014, a total of 970 fresh stool samples were collected from Giulan, Mazandaran and Khouzestan Provinces, and also from patients referred to Helminthological Laboratory of School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All samples were examined for infectivity with Trichostrongylus  by nutrient agar plate culture and formalin ether concentration methods. Results: Considering parasitological results as gold standard, agar plate culture could detect 45 true positive Trichostrongylus infected cases. The sensitivity and specificity of agar plate culture and formalin ether concentration were 88.23% and 62.75%; and 98.12% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Agar plate culture can be used to detect Trichostrongylus larvae. Its sensitivity is higher than formalin-ether method, but its specificity is lower. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Formalin ether Nutrient Agar Plate Culture Trichostrongylus}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {57-65}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1337-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1337-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {RafatiRahimzadeh, M and Moladoust, H and Alijanpour, E and RafatiRahimzadeh, M}, title = {Ultrasound-Guided Methods in Regional Anesthesia of Brachial Plexus}, abstract ={Introduction: Brachial plexus block for upper extremity is a valuable method of providing regional anesthesia. The key to success is based on the accuracy of needle placement, nerve localization, and local anesthetic injection. In recent years, ultrasound guidance is rapidly becoming the gold standard for regional athesthesia.  Objectives: Review of different aspects of needle guidance for Brachial plexus block regional anesthesia using ultrasound guided methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used  the references and published articles within 1990 -2016. Results: The principles of ultrasound technology and different aspects of ultrasound guidance for regional anesthesia of brachial plexus such as interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary nerves, and other three nerves known as the radial, median, and ulnar nerves were assessed in this review article. The results of this study showed that peripheral nerves block caused better nerve localization and less time for blocking, less volume of local anesthetic medicine, having better view, spread site, and less dangerous medicine toxicity, quicker onset, more complete nerve block, and higher time of block for sensory and motor nerves using ultrasound guidance.  Conclusions: The ultrasound techniques are cheap and available. Besides, they provide needle guidance using ultrasound in regional anesthesia and result in reduced pain, faster discharge, low complication rates, and high patient’s satisfactions. This technique may rapidly become the gold standard, compared with other techniques for regional anesthesia. Conflict of interest: None declared.}, Keywords = {Ultrasonography, Regional Anesthesia, Brachial plexus Block, Local Anesthetic injection, Frequency, Transducer probe}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {66-82}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1338-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1338-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {25}, Number = {100}, pages = {83-91}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1410-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1410-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2017} }