@article{ author = {NoorMohammadi, Sh and Roodbari, S.A}, title = {A Survey of Cerebrovascular Accident in Young Adults}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Among all the neurologic diseases of adult life, the cerebrovascular accident (CVA) clearly rank, first in terms of frequency and importance. Contrary to a common view, stroke in the age range of 15 to 45, is not rare. Stroke can be particularly dramatic when a young, previously healthy individual experiences acute cerebral infarction. Apart from the early dramatic consequences of stroke on the patient, when permanent sequelae remain for the whole life, the burden can be extremely heavy on spouse, family, and society in general. This study is retrospective and descriptive, about 100 cases of CVAz in young adults admitted in neurology section of "Poorsina Hospital" during a two-year period. The axis of this study was based on a collection of informations about prevalence, subtypes of stroke, risk factors, and causes of stroke in these patients. Stroke in young adults constitute about %12 of all pateints admitted with stroke. Number of female patients was more than males. The most common type of stroke was embolic stroke. The most common cause in patients under study were heart disease and the most common of them were heumatic heart disease with or without atrial fibrillation. Nearly more than half of first strokes in young adults had no identified cause. thus, the performance of prospective analytical study, with more complete laboratory and radiologic examinations is recommended.}, Keywords = {Cerebral Infarction/ Cerebral Infarction- in Adolescence/ Cercbro Vascular Disorders}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1792-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1792-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Taghavi, K and Mesdaghinia, A.R}, title = {Adsorption of Cr(VI) by MLSS in Activated Sludge}, abstract ={ABSTRACT In this research which was performed with bench Scale, Adsorption of Cr(VI) from Industrial wastewater was studied & biological method of Activated sludge batch flow reactors utilized. This study indicated that Cr(VI) at first adsorped with cell walls of bacteria & then after Sedimentation it was intered to sludge & finally was removed from effluent. In this study Cr (VI) adsorption pattern was according to FreundlichIsoterm. The COD of synthetic wastwater was 3000 mg/L & Cr(VI) added to the reactors in three different stages with the Concentration of 5,10& 25mg/L. In the 1st to 3rd stage with 10,8.5 & 9 hrs detention time Cr(VI) adsorption ratio on MLSS was 88%, 70% & 95% respectively. According to the condition of this study Cr(VI) had no toxic effects on Activated sludge microorganisms in the reactors and the rate of microbial synthesis was increased.}, Keywords = {Absorption- Methods/ Chemistry, Physical/ Chromium/ Water Pollution, Chemical}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1795-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1795-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Mokhtari, Gh and Sobhani, A and GhandiNezhad, E}, title = {Complications of Extra- corporenal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)}, abstract ={ABSTRACT At present 80% of the stones that required surgical operation, successfully were managed by ESWL. Although this procedure is non-invasive, still it is not free of complications. The purpose of this study is to identify the possible complications and to find the ways to minimise problems. We made retrospective descriptive study of 1205 precedure cases of UT stones treated with ESWL during a 2 year period (1997 and 1998) in Razi hospital in Rasht. In each case, diagnosis of stone was made with IVP or sonography, and routine investigation and preparation were done (CBC, U.A, U.C, pregnancy test ete). ESWL was conducted in adult patients with narcotic analgesic and in children and few others with light anesthesia. ESWL apparatus used was Dorniers, MPL 9000, Maximum energy delivered was 24 KW, and in each session for renal stone 3000, in ureter and bladder stones 4000 shocks were applied. In total of 1205 cases, 1006 (83.5%) were renal calculi, 191(16%) were ureter calculi, and 8(0.5%) were bladder stones. complications noted were as follows: (A)- During procedure: 1- Pain 10%, 2- Nausea/ Vomiting 8% (B)- Early post operation:1- Macroscopic Hematuria 32% 2- Colicky pain 30% 3- UTI 807% 4- Urinary obstruction 21% In conclusion, ESWL due to its non-invasive character, as ambulatory procedure, more cost effective than open surgery and less complication, is the best treatment for the most cases of urinary stones.}, Keywords = {Hematuria/ Lithotripsy- Adverse Effects/ Pain- Urine/Postoperative complications/ Urinary Calculi }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {16-20}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1804-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1804-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Zhianpour, M and Janghorbani, M}, title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest X-ray and Appearance of Bronchogenic Carcinoma}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Plain chest X-ray is the first diagnostic tool in suspected bronchogenic carcinoma because it is inexpensive, available and sensitive. The aim of the present study is to identify the diagnostic accuracy and radiographic appearance of bronchogenic carcinoma on plain chest X- ray. For these purposes, we reviwed chest radiographs of 78 cases with pathologically and/ or cytologically- proved bronchogenic carcinoma who had been treated in Hospital No.1 of Kerman University of Medical Sciences between 1982- 1998. The most frequent radiographic appearance in the chest X-ray was colaps and consolidation. However, the radiographic signs of different cell types were varied. The upper lobes were more involved. Radiographic findings was compatible with pathology and/or cytology only in 34 cases (43.6%) (95% confidence interval 32.4%- 55.3%).}, Keywords = {: Bronchial Neoplasmas/ Lung Neoplasms/ Radiography, Thoracic}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1805-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1805-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Hajian, KO}, title = {An Ecological Study of Infant Mortality and Under 5 Mortality Rate (UFMR)in the World and Its Relation With National Gross roduction (GNP)}, abstract ={ABSTRACT An ecological study was conducted to examine the relation between infant morality rate (IMR) and under 5 mortality rate (UFMR) with GNP in 1993 and 1996. The data of 145 countries were collected from WHO and UNICEF reports and we analyzed them using statistical model. First a picture of infant mortality rate and GNP was described in 7 groups of different countries with respect to WHO categorization. Then, using the data, distribution an exponential model was assumed between infant mortality rate and GNP. The effects Percentage of literacy over 15 years and total fertility rate (TFR) were adjusted using multiple regression model. The results of data distribution showed the higher infant mortality rate corresponded with lower GNP and also the higher GNP was associated with the lower infant mortality rate, but in many countries with GNP less than 2000 $ per capita, their IMR was lower than 25/1000 living birth. The results of regression analysis showed that there was a negative significant relation between the logarithm of IMR and the logarithin of UFMR with GNP (P= 0.0001). This negative relation persisted after adjusting the percentage of literacy and TFR Although there is a significant relation between IMR and GNP in ecological level, IMR is a better indicator of health status. It decreases only when the overall health status of population is promoted while GNP increases with accumulation among minority of population.}, Keywords = {: Gross National Production/Mortality-in Infancy and Childhood }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {28-33}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1806-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Dehghan, H}, title = {Respiratory Function in Glassplant Workers with Spirometry Tests}, abstract ={ABSTRACT A case study from July 1993 to June 1994 was carried out on the 711 persons of a glassplant workers (case), and 133 persons of a manufacturing foodstuffs workers (control). The purpose of this research is to determine the respiratory function due to free silica exposure. Statistical analysis of the spirometry test (18 parameters) show significant differences between averages of VC, FVC and FEF %25(P=0.003), FEV1/VC, FEV1/ FVC, FEF %25-75 FMFT,FEF%75-85 and FEF%75 (P<0.001) in case and control groups. Decrease of respiratory parameters in case group in comparison with control group was as follows: FEF%75-85- 17%, FMFT 14.8%. FEF75 10.5%, FEF 25-75 7.3%, FEF25 4.4%, EFV0.5/ FVC 4%, FEV1/ FVC 3.7%, FEV1/VC 3.5%, FVC 3.3%, FEV3/ FVC 3.2% and VC 3%. The results of spirometry tests analysis show that FEFs should be measured in evaluation of exposure to industrial dust (specially free silica).}, Keywords = {Respiratory Function Tests/ Silicon Dioxide/ Spirometry}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1807-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1807-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Motamedy, B and Yasami, M.T}, title = {Knowledge of Mothers about Symptoms, Prevention,Therapeutic Care and Complications of Pharyngitis in Children}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Pharyngitis is one of the most common bacterial diseases. Its dangerous complications such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis increase the importance of diagnosis and treatment. In order to determine mothers knowledge about symptoms, prevention, therapeutic care and complications of pharyngitis, this survey was carried out on 508 urban and 80 rural mothers in Kerman in summer 1997. The sampling method was arandomized, weighted and stratified one. Mean age of urban mothers was 29±7 years, mean of their education was 9±4.7 classes, mean number of their children was 2.7 ± 1.8, median was 2 and %75 of them were housewives. Mean age of rural mothers was 32±9.5 years, mean of their education was 4±4 classes, mean number of their children was 3.6±2.5, median was 3 and %77.5 of them were housewives. Knowledge of urban and rural mothers was about diagnosis,respectively %26.9 and %14.6 %53.1 and %37.5 about communicability, %73.4 and %46.2 about need to complete treatment and %58.1 and %30 about glumerulonephritis, as another complication. Knowledge of urban mothers about pharyngitis symptoms (P<0.0001), rates of transmission (P<0.05) and knowledge of rhumaticism and glumerulonephritis as complication (P<0.00003) knowledge of urban mothers about the effect of breast feeding on prevention (P<0.01) was significantly better than rural mothers. More than %85 of them had believed in training programs. This research not only showed the nessesity of teaching the care givers and the public but also it helped us to define the educational objectives.}, Keywords = {Pharyngitis- Complications/ Pharyngitis- Infancy and Childhood/ Mothers }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {41-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1816-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1816-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Taherian, A.A and Gharavi, M and Pezeshki, M}, title = {Evaluation and Comparision of Fertility and Pregnancy Characteristics of Female Transplant Recipients}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background: Due to increasing The number of renal transplant recipients in Iran and many of them are female in child bearing age (12-45 years) that didn't have any pregnancy, evaluation of fertility and pregnancy characteristics of these female is more important. Melhod: A case control study The numbers of cases were 50 and control were 100. The research was done by direct observation of pregnant womens during the pregnancy and evluation of renal function and fetal well being by sonography - serial CBC, BUN, Cr and control of GFR. The non pregnant women with kidney transplant were evaluated by questioners for mensturation, libido, and other fertility characteristics. The control groups were choosed by simple sampling from obstetric ward of BeheshtiHospithal. Results : Mean age was 29.2 ± 6.4 yrs. in cases and 27.9 ± 8.8 yrs in controls. 20 pregnancy occures in 18 patients with 2paitents 2time pregnancy after transplanation. 40% of patients were amenorrhic due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism effects. Mean menstural period was 7.88 day (6.28 day control), mean menstural interval 32.4 day (28 day control) Mean amount of bleeding was 2.2 pad/day (1.9 pad control) P>0.05 The libido inproved after tranplantation in 81.8% of females. The mean interval of 35 month was from time of transplantation to concepts (Range 6-65 month). In overal (70% of pregnancies were complicated). regnancies were complicated). IS A Succesfulpregnanycies were on 85% of cases Discassion: pregnancy after. renal transplantation may be safe if the patient had normal renal function, was at least 2 year after transplantation, and is closely followed by a multidisiplinary group. Such as obstetrician and nephrologist and etc:}, Keywords = {Fertility/Kidney Transplantation/ Mensturation/Pregnancy Complications}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {50-55}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1817-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1817-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Hedayati, MT and MohammadPour, R.}, title = {A Survey of the Mycological Contamination of the Air and the Equipment of Operating Room}, abstract ={ABSTRACT During August and September, 1994, 158 exposed agar plates and 242 specimens of equipment were collected throughout operating rooms of 17 hospitals. 100% plates were positive for fungal growth. 5305 colonies with 23 different types of fungi were isolated. Cladosporium, (62.15%), Aspergillus (9.67%), Alternaria (8.88%) and penicillium (6.84%) were the commonest fungi in the present study. Absidia and Ulocladium (0.02%) were uncommonest. And the commonest yeast-like from fungi was yeast (68%). At G hospital, the percentage of the isolated colonies (15.68%) were more than the other hospital. The most and the least colonies were isolated from air (29.44%) and laryngoscope (4. 02%), respectivly. Medicine cabinet (22.03%) was the most contamiated equipment of operating rooms}, Keywords = {Cross Infection/ Mycoses/ Operating Rooms/ Surgical Equipment }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {56-62}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1818-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1818-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Siavoshi, M.R and Sattari, M and Pile-Var, M}, title = {Histopathology and Relative Frequency of Parasitic Appendicitis in the Main Treatment Centers of Hamadan City}, abstract ={ABSTRACT This study was designed to identify the relative frequency and histopathology of parasitic appendicitis in Hamadan. In this way, all 5314 cases of apendicitis which were operated at Hamadan general hospitals and their blocks were filed in the main medical labratories in Hamadan city, were studied by the common pathological methods and staining. As a result, 1.5% of the cases were infected by worms such as Entrobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris Lumbricoides and Taenia saginata. Histopatholoical study showed the moderate to high degrees of eosinophilic inflammation of appendix mucosa.}, Keywords = {Appendicitis/ Appendix/ Parasites}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {63-68}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1819-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1819-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Rafiyan, M}, title = {Prenatal Development of the Mandibular Joint in the Rat Embryo in Particular on the Cavity Formation}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Many studies have been Carried out on the development of synovial joints, and researchers have provided various evidence about factors involving in the cavity formation. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which incorporate in the cavity formation in the mandibular joint, 17 rat embrioes (16-20 days of gestation) were employed. After serial section, specimens were stained by methods of H & E, Toluidine blue, Alcian Blue, Phosphatae acid and then studied by light microscope. Our results possibly indicate that metachromatic materials rather than the cell death phenomenon are involved in cavity formation. It has previously been reported that muscle contraction plays an important role in cavity formation, however, our microscopic observations are in concordance with this fact. The inferior cavity formation is exceptional in that it will be formed just after separation of joint disc from the condylar surface. It also appears that blood vesseles play a significant role in the inferior cavity formation in this joint.}, Keywords = {Temporomandibular Joints/ Development}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1820-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1820-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Karambin,}, title = {Screening Results of Thalassemia in High School Students}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Thalassemia is a genetic disease, which is prevalent in Guilan province. In order to detect thalassemia gene carries, Screening program was performed in high school students of the Rasht City, with cooperation of Guilan Medical University. Complete blood count and blood indices were reviewed in 22136 students, and Hb. Electrophoresis (with helena equipment) were performed in cases with low M.C.V (<80fl) & M.C.H (<27 pg). One month ferous sulfate therapy was prescribed for suspected cases (HbA2 = %2.5 - %3) and after this period, they were rexamind by Hb electrophoresis and further cases of minor thalassemia were revealed by this method. From 22136 persons examined by this method, 1891 cases of minor thalassemia (8.5%) were diagnosed.}, Keywords = {Thalassemia/ Epidemiology }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {75-79}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1821-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1821-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.AmirRafiee, K}, title = {Color Vision abnormalities}, abstract ={ABSTRACT To evaluate the Prevalence of color vision abnormalities in gilan . 500 men and 401 women were selected randomly and tested with Ishihara color blindness booklet. We found 36 men and only one woman with color vision abnormality. The most frequent type was RedGreen color blindness (4.8%). 7% of gilamian males have color vision defects. It can be found with a simple test.}, Keywords = {Color Vision Defects/ Epidemiology}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {80-83}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1822-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1822-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Ellis- Van- Creveld}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {84-86}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1823-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1823-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Pancreas/ Pancreatic cyst}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {87-88}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1825-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1825-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Shokoohy, T}, title = {Laboratory Study of 3 Cases of Mycotic Keratitis Member}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Mycotic Keratitis, an important ophthalmologic problem, especially among the outdoor workers in the tropic regions, is frequently caused by filamentous fungi. Following trauma, a corneal ulcer developed in 3 male patients residing in rural areas of Sari. Traumatizing agents were likely paddy rice, soil and dust. Direct examination of all the corneal scrapings showed septate branched hyphal elements. When scrapings were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agars, 2 cases of 3 filamentous fungi (Aspergillus and Alternaria) were observed and isolated. Filamentous fungi are the principal causes of mycotic keratitis throughout the world. A history of traumatic injury to the eye in a patient suffering from keratitis is generally believed to be a strong index of suspicion of fungal aetiology. A rapid, presumptive diagnosis can be made by recognition of certain typical clinical feature and by direct microscopic detection of fungi in corneal scrapings. The diagnosis is confirmed by culture.}, Keywords = {Eye Infections, Fungal- Diagnosis/ Eye Infections, Fungal- Etiology/ Keratitis}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {89-95}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1826-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1826-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Mojtabaii, H and .Borhani, M}, title = {Infection and Report of two Cases of Septicemia in Major Beta thalassemia}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Major Beta thalassemia is a common disease in Guilan province with about 1500 patients. These patients especially spelenctomized Considered to be at high risk of septicemia. In this report during 5 years ago two Splenectomized patients had Septicemia caused by Escherichia coli. They Presented Symptoms of fIever and chill. Treatment was effective in all cause and septicemia was not fatal in these two patients. Before admission these two patients were on regular blood transfusion and adequate desferal Injection but they all had Intravenas Infusion of desferal. Immunization with Polyvalent Pneamococeal vaccine prior to Splenectomy and Prophyloctic penicillin therapy following Splectomy decrease the incidence of Overwhelming Post Splenectomy infection (OPSI) caused by streptococcus pnemoniae. Intravenous infusion of Desferal, seems to Increase the risk of Infection.}, Keywords = {Infection/ Splenectomy/ Thalassemia }, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {96-100}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Models, Statistical/ Research/ Statistics/ Statistic and Numerical Data}, volume = {8}, Number = {29}, pages = {101-106}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1828-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1828-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1999} }