@article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1908-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1908-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Ghaneei, M and Movahhedi, M and Mirzadeh, M.J and Adibi, P}, title = {Probability for Differentiation of Blood Indices for Determination of Iron Deficiency in Mihor Thalassemia Based on Red Cell}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Minor beta-thalssemia is one of the frequent causes of microcytic anemia .To screen a large population for thalassemia traits, simple diagnostic tests are needed by which iron deficiency can be differentiated from the traits. In a descriptive study data of complete blood count of 15000 men and 15000 women was measured by H*1 cell counter and evaluated; And several indices and formulae were checked to find out whether they are good discriminators or not. We found out that in a man with MCV<80 FL,RBC>7×106/mm3 and Hb<18 g/dl the probability of thalassemia traits is 90% with the same MCV in womman and a 106/mm3 RBC>6.5) 0.01 formula canxand Hb<16, the probability will be the same. Using (MCV)2 with ×MCH×help to screen the trait sensitivity of 100% in women, which was equal to value of MCV/RBC in men. conclusion :The two above mentioned formula can be used as the first step of screening of minor beta thalassemia  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1909-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1909-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Aghajanzadeh, M}, title = {A Study on Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Method in 40 Patients With Empyema}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Pleural Empyema is a result of collection of suppuration in the pleural space. Before the extensive application of antibiotic therapy in thirtees and fourtees (1930-1940),one tenth of pulmonary pneumonia cases showed empyema .Although empyema is far less often seen these days.progress in trathoracic surgery for intrathoracic disease has resulted in increased empyema . Lack of response to treatment is usually due to incompleted emptying of empyma.or inadequate antibiotic.Cavity and incomplete antibiotic therapy. This is a retrospective study from the records of empyema.Patients treated in Teaching Hospital of Razi, Rasht, 40 patients with such cases were admitted between 10/72 and 5/75 in this medical center All cases were studied and treated by a single team 70% of the patients were males and 30% were females. Age of patients ranged between 2 - 70 years(average age:35). 60% were right and 40% left side empyema. Main complaint of these patients were chest pain (70%),cough fever,chills end sweating . In 80% of these cases, pneumonia was the cause of empyma .50% were in the third stage of empyema, of which 70% were treated with thoracotomy. 40% were in the second stage and 10% were in the first stage . Therefore every patient with chest pain. fever ,dyspnea ,and cough may be considered as a case of, empyema and should be treated properly as early as possible before reaching complicated stages.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1910-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1910-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Mehrban,, D}, title = {Clinical Evaluation of Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR) and Tray Agglutination Tests in Infertile Men}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Of the antisperm immunoglobulins ,only antisperm surface IgA an IgGs are significant clinically because many fertile men have antisperm antibodies present in their sera. Since the necessity of one form of sperm surface antisperm test(specific)is felt in our country,and Immunobead is not popular here for its high cost,Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction test was studied in a population of infertile male patients.mean while alongside the Tray Agglutination Test (TAT),a nonspecific assay was also evaluated. During a one year period , 29 infertile male patients were studied sequentially at Dr. Shariati Urology Clinic . The study tests were Direct MAR against IgA and igG sperm surface antigens , and serum and semen TAT tests . Results show that a single Direct MAR test is capable of evaluating immunoinfertility .Besides, an IgG MAR is enough and there is probably no need for an associated IgA MAR test. When the MAR Kit is not available ,a TAT test of both serum and semen is probably as useful as a single MAR test.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {14-18}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1911-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1911-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Khajavi,, M}, title = {Percutaneous Drainage of the Hydatid Cyst}, abstract ={ABSTRACT : 8 hydatid cysts of unilocular type were selected in 5 patients and drained percutaneusly Hypertonic salin or alcohol was injected after aspiration of 50% of the content of the cysts and was aspirated after 30 minutes . 800 mg of Albendazol was given orally in two divided doses daily for 10 days before and 20 after the drainage. There was no allergic reaction No seeding in the peritoneum after the termination of the treatment. The result of treatment were total disappearance of the cysts in 2 cases change in the ultrasound character to solid or psuedotumor in 3 and reduction in the size of the cysts in 3 cases. The liver function tests were normal before the procedure and did not change after the aspiration So we conclude that this kind of treatment is suitable for those patients who are not able to suffer the surgery for any reason.,}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1912-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1912-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Karambin,, M.M and Mesbah,, S.A}, title = {A Review of 300 Cases of Transfusions in order to Determine the Underlying Etiology}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Increased level of indirect hyperbilirubinemia can lead to sever neurological sequel or death. In this research, we tried to detect underlying factors for increased bilirubin level leading to exchange transfusion in 300 neonates admitted to Hefdah-Shahrivar Hospital. The method of research was descriptive and retrospective. G6PD deficiency was responsible for hyperbilirubinemia in 41 patients (13% of total), and this reveals the importance of this labratory test for pathological hyperbilirubinema in neonatal period .According to clinical criteria, 66 patients (22% of total )were suspected to septicemia in which 44 patients had positive results in blood ,urine ,or CSF culture Definitive diagnosis of ABO incompatibility were considered for 22 patients (7% of total)and Rh incompatibility for 18 patients . No Significant underlying factor could be founed for 23% of patient and in this group, breast - milk hyperbilirubinemia, hypothyroidism , and hyperbilirubinemia of newborn may be the causative factors.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {27-30}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1913-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1913-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {.Bayani, A}, title = {Sonographic Study on Solid Tumors Adult Kidney}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Solid tumors of adult kidney are the most malignant tumors of human body After bladder tumors, they are the commonest solid tumors of urinary tract. There is a tendency to study these lesions by modalities other than sonography and for this reason there are some doubts in studying these tumors by sonography. For resolving these doubts , the first step is to reveal the different sonographic shapes of these lesions in order to do other investigations for determining efficiency of sonography in diagnosis of solid tumors of kidney. thus, in a descriptive research on patients with clinical findings related to urinary system who had referred to sonographic centers, 39 patients (who had solid tumors of kidney ) were selected and the sonographic shapes of their lesions were determined and patients were followed until determining pathological diagnosis. Finally, the pathologic combination of solid lesions of kidney and their frequency were determined and their sonographic features and their frequency were revealed. In addition, their clinical findings and frequency were also determined. It turned out to be that renal cell carcinoma is the commonest symptomatic solid tumor of kidney and its commonest sonographic feature is mixed echo and the most common clinical finding of these lesions is pain. The peak age for solid lesions of kidney is sixth decade.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {31-34}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1914-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1914-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Shariati, M and Rezazadeh, M and Khaksari, M}, title = {Effects of Morphogenic and Teratogenic Retinoic Acid in Chick Embryo}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Retinoic acid "one of the derivatives of vitamin A "has different morphogenic and teratogenic effects on developing organs. For this reason, the present study is an attempt to examine the effects of retinoic acid on limb bud ,eye and body axis of chick embryo in the stages of 11-12 Humburger and Hamilton. The experiments cartied out in this study was based on 140 white eggs which have been divided into the three groups .Each group were injected 0.0 ,0.3,0.5 microgram of retinoic acid solution in 2 microliter of dimethyl sulfuxide. After 48 hours, microscopic and macroscopic investigations were made. The results showed that retinoic acid with dosages of 0.3 and 0.5 microgram caused scoliosis ,limb bud and eye defect in camparison with the control group. The study suggests that one of the morphogenic and teratogenic effects of the retinoic acid in chick embryo is abnormality in limb bud,eye and body axis.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {35-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1915-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1915-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1916-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1916-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Flahatkar, S}, title = {Acute Urinary Retention Following the Crust Due To Anterior Urethritis}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Acute urinary retention can occur following benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , prostatic cancer ,urethral stone , neurogenic bladder and etc. Acute urinary retention presents with severe pain of suprapubic and discontinuation of voiding . Acute urinary retention has been reported following posterior urethritis and prostatitis, but it has not been reported following the crust due to anterior urethritis and , this patient is the first case of acute urinary retention following anterior urethritis Our patient was a young male (22 years ) that has visited with urethral discharge and outlet obstruction symptoms.  In the acute phase , urethral smear examination was carried out for gonococal and nongonococal infections and spectinomycin and doxycyclin were prescribed for patient. 24 hours following drug therapy , our patient with acute urinary retention has referred again. Then the patient was as a candidate for cystostomy and two weeks after treatment, antegrade urethrography was carried out on him .it revealed the anterior urethral obstruction - After some days, the paitient was considered as a candidate for urethrocystoscopy. It was seen that crust is the cause of obstruction. We concluded that crust following treatment of anterior urthritis (like urethral stone ) can cause acute urinary rerention and its management is to remove crust from the urethra after the accute phase of infection .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {47-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1917-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1917-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {50-52}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1918-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1918-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Kosha, .A}, title = {FUTURE OF ASTHMA DRUG THERAPY}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Asthma is a chronic disease in which hyperactivity of airways to different stimuli is responsible for pathophysiologic changes seen. With respect to the pathophysiologic changes seen the treatment can be divided into two groups: bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory drugs. Bronchodilators consist of beta 2 agonists (salbutmol), Xanthine (theophilline) and anticholinergic(ipratropium).Anti -inflammatory drugs used in the form of cromoglycate -NA(for prophylaxis )and corticosteroids (prednison)for treatment of asthma. Corticosteroids have good effects in the treatment of both acute attacks and in chronic asthma; and in severe cases of asthma, they are the last drugs which can be effective but because of their systemic effect, it seems better to substitute them with the new antiinflammantory drugs . First of all, it is necessary to discuss about the pathophysiology of asthma briefly, and then a little about leukotrienes antagonists and phosphodiestrase inhibitors and the other new drugs under investigation.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {53-62}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1919-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1919-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {22}, pages = {63-71}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1920-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-1920-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {1997} }