@article{ author = {Alizadeh, N and Golchay, J and SadreAshkevari, SH and Bassary, n and Panahandeh, z}, title = {A Study on Pulse Methylprednisolone in Treatment of Diffuse Alopecia Areata}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: In spite of various methods available for treatment of alopecia areata, treatment of diffuse alopecia areata is still a difficult problem. Although systemic corticosteroids are frequently effective but long term consumption of oral steroids is not recommended because of complications. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine response to treatment and relapse in patients with diffuse alopecia areata. Materials and methods: In this interventive and quazi- experimental we studied 26 patients with alopecia areata (first attack or relapse in the current year). Intravenous methylprednisolone, 500mg, was prescribed for 3 successive days and the patients were examined in the months of 1,3, 6 and 12. Photographs of scalp were taken at each visit. Results: Results were registered in the forms prepared for each patient and analyzed statistically (Fisher test). Of a total of 17 patients with multifocal alopecia areata, 53%, 76.5%, 76.5% and 64.6% showed response to treatment at 1,3,6 and 12 months respectively. Relapse occurred 17.5%, 23.5% and 35% in the months 3,6,12 respectively. From the 7 patients with alopecia universalis, only one patient showed response. In two patients with ophiasis (one case) and totalis (one case), no response to treatment was seen. Conclusion: All responses to treatment were obtained in the patients with diffuse muttifocal alopecia areata. There was no statistically significant difference between response to treatment and relapse in patients with first attack and repeated attacks.}, Keywords = {Alopecia Areata, Drug Therapy, Hair }, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Azadbakht, M and Ziaiye, H and Abdollahi, F and Shabankhani, B}, title = {Effect of Methanolic Essence and Extract of Myrtus Communis on Trichomonas Vaginalis}, abstract ={Introduction: Considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis (TV) in women and the known side effects of Metronidazol, the focus has been concentrated on herbal therapy in order to reduce drug side- effects in the recent decades. Objective: To determine of M.communis effect on Trichmonas Vaginalis infection. Materials and Methods: This study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Methanolic extraction was performed by percolation and essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Samples were collected from vaginal discharges. Identification were done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Drosse medium, metronidazole, Dimethyl sulfoxaide (DMSO) myrtus extraction with concentration of (0.1, 0.01 ml and essential oil with concentrations of (0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.004, 0.0002 and 0.0001) in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours. Results: Findings suggested that Trichomonas could be alive in Drosse medium for 72 hours, in presence of Metronidazole for one hour and in Drosse medium for 6 hours. Also, the results revealed that methanolic extract at concentrations of 0.1 and 0,01 and essential oil at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0004 were effective at the beginning of the inoculation and at concentrations of 0.0002 and 0.0001 after 2 and 9 hours respectively. Conclusion: Considering the significant effect of essential oil and methanolic extract of M.communis on Trichomonas in-vitro condition, it is recommended that the therapeutic effects of the substance from this plant be studied in- vitro condition and if having positive effect, to be used as a drug.}, Keywords = {Plants, Medicinal, Trichomonas Vaginalis, Trichomonas, Vaginitis}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {8-13}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-707-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-707-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Boroushaki, MT and Malek, F and Baharloo, A}, title = {A Comparative Study on the Anticonvulsive Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Melissa Officinalis Plant with Phenobarbital in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures on Mice}, abstract ={Introduction: Convulsive disorders are among chronic diseases, which usually need a long-term drug therapy. Unfortunately, most of the drugs used clinically to treat these disorders exert many side effects. Therefore, search for finding new drugs is being carried out in many laboratories. Objective: The object of this research was to compare the anticonvulsive effect of the aqueous extract of the plant Melissa officinalis with Phenobarbital in Pentylenetetrazol (P)-induced seizures on mice. Materials and Methods: After acclimatization, animals were randomly divided in different groups. Control group received normal saline (6ml/kg), standard groups received (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg) Phenobarbital and the test groups received aqueous plant extract (3, 6, 9 and 12 ml/kg). All injections were carried out as i.p. All animals were firstly exposed to P (80mg/kg, i.p). The onset of seizures, behavioral changes, duration of the seizures and number of deaths were recorded in all groups during the first 24 hours. Results: All doses of the plant extracts delay the onset of seizures but the most effective dose was 12ml/kg, which was comparable to phenobarbital (30mg/kg). All amounts of the extract, except 3ml/kg, significantly reduced the duration of seizures compared to the control group. Number of deaths was 45 and 10 percent in control, standard and test groups, respectively. Conclusion: Findings showed that 12ml/kg of the aqueous plant extract is able to reduce the onset of seizures, duration of seizures and number of deaths after 24 hours in Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.}, Keywords = {Convulsions, Pentylenetetrazole, Phenobarbital, Plant, Medicinal}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {14-19}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Roodbari, S A and Ranjbar, M B}, title = {A Comparison between Prednisolon and Acyclovir Regimen With Prednisolone Alone in Treatment of Bell’s Palsy}, abstract ={Introduction: The most common disease of the facial nerve is Bell’s palsy. The recent finding of viral genome surrounding the seventh nerve suggests that antiviral agents may be useful in the management of Bell’s palsy. The use of Acyclovir and Corticosteroid in combination was under study for treatment of this disease. Objective: The present study aim was to compare Prednisolon and Acyclovir regimen with Prednisolone alone in treatment of Bell’s palsy. Materials and Methods: Our study was double blind, and for comparison outcomes between two groups, we used the t-test, Fisher’s exact test and Chi2 analysis. We compared the final outcome of 65 patients with Bell’s palsy, in Rasht, treated with either acyclovir-prednisolone (33 patient) or prednisolone alone (32 patients). For patients receiving Acyclovir, the dosage was 2000mg (400 mg 5 times daily) for five days. The dosage of Prednisolone in both groups of patients was 60 mg daily for the first week and then tapered. The time of complete improvement in all patients was recorded. Results: Final Complete improvement did not differ between two groups, but in Acyclovir- Prednisolone group, improvement was earlier (mean duration of improvement in Acyclovir- Prednisolone group was 23.79.8 days but in Prednisolone group was 36.9 day’s, P=0.0001). Conclusion: We conclude that adding Acyclovir to Corticosteroids can reduce the time of improvement but does not alter final recovery.}, Keywords = {Acyclovir, Bell Palsy, Bell Palsy- Therapy, Prednisolone}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {20-24}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-709-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-709-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Moussavi, Z and Behruzi, R}, title = {A Comparison of Oral Clindamycin and Oral Metronidazole in Treatment of Bacterial vaginitis}, abstract ={Introduction: Bacterial vaginitis is one of the most common infectious disorders affecting women. Several types of antibiotics have been used to treat this condition. Although Metronidazole was found to be the most effective, none was completely successful in either cure or prevention. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral Clindamycin and oral Metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginitis. Materials and methods: In this study, 60 women with age range of 16 years or older in whom bacterial vaginitis was diagnosed by standard criteria such as Amsel’s and Gram’s stain criteria were enrolled in a randomized, double – blind study to receive either oral Clindamycin 300 mg twice a day for 7 days or 500 mg of oral Metronidazole twice a day for 7 days. Women with coexisting vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal trichomoniasis were excluded. Test of cure was repeated 7 to 14 days following treatment. Vaginal symptoms, complications, side effects and general complaints in patients were noted. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in cure rates for oral Clindamycin (93.3%) and oral Metronidazole(86.6%). Adverse reactions were mild in both groups. Four patients who had received Clindamycin developed non – bloody diarrhea and 4 patients who had received Metronidazole developed symptomatic candida vaginitis. Conclusion: We conclude that Clindamycin may be a safe and effective alternative to Metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women.}, Keywords = {Clindamycin, Metronidazole, Vaginaosis, Bacterial }, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-710-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-710-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Comparison Between Education By Compact Disc and Booklet on Learning Outcome in Nursing and Midwifery Students About Breast Self Examination}, abstract ={Introduction: Different studies show that educational programs about BSE increase knowledge, competency and BSE rate. Students prefer computerized assisted instruction (ASI) to traditional methods. CAI is an important instrument in education of BSE. Objective: In this study, researchers try to determine the effect of education by using compact disc (CD) and booklet on learning outcomes (knowledge, Health Belief and BSE). Materials and Methods: This study has a Quasi- Experimental design the sample consisted of 20 midwifery students and 30 nursing students in Nursing and Midwifery faculty in Rasht. CD was given to nursing students and booklet for midwifery students. Their knowledge, health belief and BSE times were compared in 2 groups. Data were gathered through filling questionnaire, subjects answered a three part questionnaire which covered: Socio- demographic data, knowledge (10 statements) and health belief (based on Champion health belief models). Computer experts provided CD based on education items by using macromedia flash (version 5) and windows. Results: Result showed that 73.9% of the nursing students and 80% midwifery students were in 18-19 year age group. The knowledge, Health belief and BSE between two groups was compared by student. Results showed that there was no significant difference in two groups (by using paired T test) (P<0.000). After education, knowledge level in two groups was significant (P<0.01) but health beliefs and BSE times by using T student and Krasskul wallis were not significant. Conclusion: Research findings indicated that education in both methods increased the knowledge but it had no effect on health and the times of breast self-examination. Further more, it revealed that belief and times of self- examination stemmed from the internal feelings.}, Keywords = {Breast Neoplasms, Breast Self Examination, Education, Nursing, Learning, Students, Nursing }, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-711-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-711-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {MohammadzadehJooriabi, A and Haghighi, M and NaderiNabi, B}, title = {Incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section in Alzahra Hospital}, abstract ={Introduction: Headache incidence after spinal anesthesia is a complication of this kind of anesthesia. There are differences in incidence of headache at different functional conditions. Objective: This study was carried out to examine headaches after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in Alzahra hospital, Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, out of 331 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia after 24 hours, they were asked questions about headache after postural puncture. If headaches were present in frontal or occipital areas that increased with sitting or situational movement, they were considered as Post Spinal Puncture Headache. Results: We observed post spinal puncture headaches (PSPH) in about 51 patients (15.4%) .The incidence rates of headache by using needles with number 22,23,24 and 25 were 63/8%, 11/2%, 4/5% and 0% respectively. The incidence rates of headache when injection operators were first degree resident, 2nd degree residents and anesthesiologist were 23/2%, 14/9% and 8/1% respectively (P=0/04). Conclusion: The incidence of PSPH in this hospital was high and with decreasing needle diameters and increasing operators’ experience, incidence of headache will decrease.}, Keywords = {Anesthesia, Spinal, Cesarean Section, Headache }, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {40-44}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-712-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-712-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Study of Incidence Rate of A Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema (RPE) and Its Approaching}, abstract ={Introduction: Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema (RPE) is a complication of the treatment of lung collapse secondary to Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion, Chylothorax or Atelectasis and can be potentially deathful. Recent studies about its pathogenesis are based on altering pulmonary vascular permeability secondary to hypoxic injury during collapse of the lung. Shift from cellular metabolism to anaerobic metabolism releases the mediators which cause alveolar epithelial and endothelial damages. Objective: This study was carried out to examine incidence rate of a Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema (RPE) and its approaching. Materials and Methods: In our study, we selected all inpatients with Pneumothorax (200 cases), Pleural Effusion (100 cases), Chylothorax (9 cases) and Atelectasis (80 cases) in Razi Hospital of Rasht (surgery department) from January, 1994 till March, 1999. Chest tube was placed in patients with Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion and Chylothorax and in patients with Atelectasis, management for elimination of intrabronchial obstruction was done. Results: We found 20 cases of RPE (%5.1) in a total of 389 patients. In these 20 cases, 16 cases (%80) were symptomatic within first hour and 4 cases (%20) were symptomatic within 24 hours of reexpansion. Severe tachypnea was seen in 15 cases (%75) and mild tachypnea in 5 cases (%25). Frothy or blood- tinged sputum was observed in 15 cases (%75). Wet rales and anxiety in all of the patients were evident. There was Freely perspiring in 14 cases (%70). One of the patients with pneumothorax died. Treatments in these 20 cases were as follows: oxygen in all of the patients (%100), steroids in 14 cases (%70), suppository of Indomethacin in 11 cases (%55), disconnection of the chest tube in 9 cases (%45), Digoxin in 7 cases (%35), lasix in 6 cases (%30), bronchodilator in one case (%5) and ventilator support in 5 cases (%25). Conclusion: Incidence of RPE is considerable, so its recognition very importance. Clinical manifestations are always those that we expect in pulmonary edema. Although mortality in our study was %5 but the reported figure in previous studies was as high as %20 after reexpansion that is a cosiderable percentage.}, Keywords = {Atelectasis, Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Edema}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-713-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-713-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Sharami, H and Milani, F and Oudi, M}, title = {Survey of Atittude and Knowledge About Tubal Ligation and its Complications in Women Residing in Rasht}, abstract ={Introduction: Contraception is a major component of preventive health care for women. Several methods are used for familly planning but tubal ligation (TL) is different from other contraceptives because often it isn’t reversible.Recently,due to decrease in acceptability of TL in women,there are questions on saftey of this method. Objective: The purpose of this stuy was to investigate attitudes and knowledge about tubal ligation and possibility of Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome in women residing in Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this study, 403 women were collected with stratified randomized sampling. The data collection instrument consisted of a three-part questionnaire which included:(1) the demographics (2) knowledge level and (3) questions concerning the attitude. We applied the SPSS.9 statistical analysis software and Chi-square tests, pearsonian coefficient. P<0.05 was determined as statistical significance. Results: The research showed that 45/9% of women have poor knowledge and 21% have negative attitudes about tubectomy. There were significant correlations between the number of children, education level, and information source with level of knowledge (P<0.05). Also, there were significant correlations between variations like education level, information source and contraception methods with level of attitude (P<0.05). Our results showed that 82/1%,41/5% and 21/8% of women believed that Pelvic and Lumbar pain, Menstrual disorders and Ovarian cyst might occur after tubal ligation respectively. Conclusion: Our research showed that many of women due to fear of tubal ligation complications (Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome) had a negative attitude. It seems that increasing the knowledge of women and more comprehensive studies are necessary for Post- Tubal Ligation syndrome about which there is no consensus yet.}, Keywords = {Contraception, Family Planning, Knowledge, Sterilization, ‏Tubal}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {52-60}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Kasmaei, P and AtrkarRoshan, Z}, title = {Study of Prevalence and Some Correlative Factors with Unwanted Pregnancies}, abstract ={Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy is a worldwide problem that affects women, their families and society, and the essential aim of family planning is to prevent women from unwanted pregnancies. Objective: This cross-sectional study was performed for determining prevalence rate of unwanted pregnancy and some correlative factors in urban areas of Guilan. Materials and Methods: 500 pregnant women in urban Health Centers for prenatal care were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected with questionnaire consisting of 29 closed questions. Results: Analysis of the information showed that 27.4% of pregnancies were unwanted. There was a significant relation between unwanted pregnancy and the variants: age of mother (p<0.002), number of children (p<0.0001), and mother's educational level (p<0.014). Tendency to abortion among pregnant women with unwanted pregnancy was 58.8%. 17% of mothers with previous pregnancy had unwanted pregnancy and 41% of them had abortion. There was a significant relation between going to Health Center during pregnancy (regular or irregular) and unwanted pregnancy (P<0.015). In this study, 70.8% of unwanted pregnancies were as a result of contraceptive failures and 29.9% of them were due to non-use of contraceptives. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the necessity for more care on quality aspects of family planning services and specific attention on counseling.}, Keywords = {Abortion, Contraception, Pregnancy, Unwanted}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {61-66}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Faraji, R and Sobhani, A and Milani, F and Golrokhnia, F}, title = {Assessment of ‍Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Early Post- Partum Hemorrhage in Cesarean Deliveries}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most important cause of mortality in parturients is early postpartum severe hemorrhage that accounts for 28% of maternal death. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean section and requirement of blood transfusion during 24 hours after operation. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study that performed among patients who underwent cesarean section at Alzahra Hospital in Rasht in 2000. Selection of 1600 records out of 3200 records by systematic Randomization was the base of this study. Of these, 100 records were omitted because of poor information and the rest (1500 records) were considered with these variables: blood transfusion requirements, kind of anesthesia, amnionitis, kind of uterine incision and labor abnormalities. Test of chi-square has been used for making a comparison between two groups, namely those requiring blood transfusion and those who didn’t need it. Results: Our study showed that incidence of early postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean deliveries was 2.26 percent and it was similar to other studies and the risk factors associated with early postpartum hemorrhage were pre-eclampsia, labor abnormalities and general anesthesia. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained, women with preeclampsia or labor abnormalities or receiving general anesthesia, were at higher risk of early severe hemorrhage after cesarean section. Thus, the hospital should be well- equipped in dealing with such high- risk patients.}, Keywords = {Cesarean Section, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Pre- Eclampsia}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {67-71}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {ShahbaziMoghaddam, A}, title = {Square- Flap Procedure: A Report of 31 Cases}, abstract ={Here we represent a report of 31 patients treated for increasing the distance between two points on skin surface by using two triangular and one square flaps. Theoretically, best skin lengthening is made by using one triangular with right - angled position. Squared - flap procedure as compared with other procedures for increasing the distance between two points of skin surface including Z - plasty and all its other modified procedures and also in comparison with Limberg procedure is more effective. We performed square - flap procedures for 31 patients with post- burned contractive scars and clefts in ear lobules and nasal alar rim in Poorsina Teaching Hospital (Guilan - 1989) with excellent results. And we found that square flap procedure is an effective procedure and has many practical applications}, Keywords = {Cicatrix, Surgical Flaps}, volume = {12}, Number = {48}, pages = {72-76}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2004} } @article{ author = {Ajami, A and Galinimoghaddam, T and Khalilian, A}, title = {Prevalence of Anticardiolipin Antibody in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss}, abstract ={Introduction: Recurrent spontaneous abortion and fetal loss are common in obstetrics and gynecology (60% of pregnancy loss). Immunological factor probably have a major role in this problem. Recent studies suggested an association between Antiphospholipid antibodies, especially Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) with recurrent abortion. Different studies report different association (5-51%). Objective: we determine the prevalence af aCL in recurrent abortion in Sari during 2000-2003. Materials and methods: In a descriptive study, women with a history of at least two abortions without any known etiology like hormonal Imbalance, systemic hypertension, diabetes, infection, hyperthyroidism and, anatomical abnormality in genital tract were studied. 512 cases, serum were investigated for presence of aZL in serum. The patient sera were tested by Enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) method. Commercial standard ELISA kit from GENESIS Company were used according to kit instruction manual (>13 m/ml aCL considered as positive and 11<m/ml as negative). The prevalence of aCL was determined and confidence intervals (CF) were estimated. Results: 512 women with age range of 18-40 (28.02 ± 5.66) were studied. aCL was detected in sera of 57 (11.1%) cases, with confidence interval of 2.7 (11.1 ± 2.7). 447 (87/4%) cases were negative for aCL and in 8 (1.5%) were intermediate. 49.1 of pregnancy loss with positive aCL were in first trimester of pregnancy and 50.9 in second and third trimester with odd ratio of 3.1. Conclusion: The prevalence of aCL in recurrent abortion and fetal loss in Sari- City are not high and it is mostly positive in second and third trimester.}, Keywords = {Abortion, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, Fetal Death}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-718-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-718-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {AghajanyNasab, M and Pejhan, N and Bastany, A}, title = {Separation and Purification of Peroxidase Isoenzymes from Cultivated Radish}, abstract ={Introduction: Peroxides is a glycoprotein that contains hem group and variable cationic and anionic is enzymes. This enzyme is used in laboratory diagnosis for determination of hormones and bacterial toxins with ELISA method , detection of tissue antigens and macrophage activation against tumoral cells. In addition , this enzyme is used for measurement of glucose, urea, uric acid and cholesterol. Although peroxides is widely seen in available sources of plants, this enzyme for meeting the consuming needs of our country is imported from abroad with high foreign currency costs. Objective: This experimental study was conducted for separation and purification of peroxides is enzymes from cultivated radish which is cheap and abundant in all seasons in Iran. Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out by homogenization of plant roots and concentration of Ammonium sulfate. Then, purification method was followed by gel filtration, cationic exchange chromatography. Finally, separation of basic and acidic is enzymes was conducted by different and repeated column chromatography and SDS-PAGE. Results: As a result of these procedures, Purification degree obtained was 168.5 folds more than the raw extract and specific activity was comparable with commercial peroxides . Conclusion: As this enzyme is stable at wide range of PH and temperature, we can economize its purification methods to a great extent and achieve the maximum required foreign currency savings. It is hoped that with the use of wide and cheap sources , we can take an effective step toward large scale production of the enzyme in our country and avoid spending our financial resources in purchasing peroxides from foreign countries.}, Keywords = {Isoenzymes, Peroxidase, Plants, Medicinal }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mokhtari, N and Nasiri, M and Mashoof, T and KazemNeghad, E}, title = {A Comparative Study of Hemodialysis Patients’ QOL from Patients’ and Nurses’ Perception}, abstract ={Introduction: Patients with chronic renal disease are faced with numerous problems and complications. And it affects all aspects of patient’s life and eventually the quality of it. Objective: This comparative – descriptive study was conducted to compare dialysis patients’ Quality of Life from patients and nurses’ perception admitted to Razi Educational Dialysis Center in 2002. Materials and Methods: The sample chosen by survey, consisted of 18 nurses and 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis. The data collection instrument included demographic characteristics and three scales of QOL (Contril’s Self – Anchoring Striving Scale, Index of well-being, and Time – T Trade – Off Health State Utility Score). Descriptive – analytical statistics (Independent T – test, Analysis variance and Pearson’ s correlation test) were used for data analysis. Results: The results from patients’ perception showed a significant relationship between their QOL and level of education and income in all three scales. In addition a significant relationship b/w their QOL and place of living (P<0.03) and occupation (P<0.005) in index of well- being scale and between age (P<0.003) and place of living (P<0.001) in Cantrell’s Self- anchoring striving scale was shown and it indicated that the independent variable of QOL is positively correlated with dependent variables of occupation, number of children, predisposing diseases. The results from nurses’ perceptions of patients QOL indicated a significant relationship with sex (IWB) and with marital status and work experience in hemodialysis wards (SASS). Overall in all three scales, there was a significant correlation between patients and nurses’ perceptions of QOL. T- test analyses showed a significant difference between the scores in both groups in IWB (p<o.oo1) in SASS (P<0.02) an in TTO (p<0.005). Patients’ perception of their QOL is lower than nurses’ perception of patients QOL. Conclusion: Identifying the difference between nurses and patients’ perception on QOL is important in care planning and intervention and it also helps nursing managers to assess the quality of nursing care provided to these patients.}, Keywords = {Dialysis, Nurses, patients, Quality of Life }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {16-23}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mehrafza, M and AtrkarRoshan, Z and AzizolahZadeh, N}, title = {Evaluation of Post-Cesarean Wound Infection: Closed Versus Non-Closed Subcutaneous Tissue}, abstract ={Introduction: The postoperative complications of a subcutaneous hematoma, seruma, or infection often delay hospital discharge and requires interventive techniques that include evacuation, debridement and restoration of damaged tissue. Closure of the dead space in subcutaneous tissues is one of the methods to minimize wound infection after cesarean delivery. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the role of subcutaneous tissue closure with its non- closure of wound in infection after cesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized clinical trial. It assessed the risk of wound infection in females undergoing an elective or emergency cesarean section. Research population were 336 pregnant women who were divided randomly into two equal groups for closure or non- closure of subcutaneous tissue during the cesarean section. All women were given prophylactic antibiotics routinely. Outcome under study in present research was wound infection, which was diagnosed by emergence of signs such as discharge, swelling, tenderness, redness hardness of excision spots. Chi- square test and SPSS. 9 software was used for assessment of the data. Results: Findings of this study indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic, obstetric and surgical characteristics. Extents of wound infection after the cesarean section were 11.3% (no=19) in the group with closed subcutaneous tissue and 6.5% (no=11) in the group of non- closed subcutaneous tissue. Conclusion: It appears that there is no significant benefit in using a subcutaneous stitch closure in comparison with non- closure of it in cesarean section.}, Keywords = {Cesarean Section, Subcutaneous Tissue, Wound Infection }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {SedghiSabet, M and Hasavari, F and SaiedFazelPoor, F}, title = {A Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Health Behaviour of Girl Studeuts about Puberty}, abstract ={Introduction: puberty is the most important process in each person’s life which is Characterized by physical, mental and socio-emotional developmental changes. One of the physiological changes is sexual adolescence which specially in girls is associated with clear changes. Objective: The main goal of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitude and health behaviour in high school girls during adolescence period. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 375 girls who were randomly chosen from different high schools in Somesara, were asked by a questionnaire. In this questionnaire in addition to demographic characteristics, girls’ knowledge, attitude and health behaviour about puberty period were also surveyed. Results: The results of this research showed that %65/3 of subjects had moderate knowledge, %16/3 had positive attitude and %54/1 had poor health behaviour. Conclusion: Preparing proper educational project in order to increase knowledge, positive attitude formation and health behaviour promotion about puberty period for girl students who are considered would- be mothers, causes health behaviour improvement and promotes the level of general health in community.}, Keywords = {Attitude to Health, Awareness, Health Behavior, Puberty }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {31-38}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {JahedeBozorgan, T and Alizadeh, F}, title = {A Comparison Between the Effects of Mefenamic Acid And Tranexamic Acid on Patients with Hypermenorrhea}, abstract ={Introduction: It is estimated that four out of every five women treated for ovulatory hyper- menorrhea have no anatomic pathology, and more than one third of hysterectomies are carried out for the same symptom. The use of various medical therapeutic options for these women has potential for elimination of large number of surgeries and complications associated with them. Objective: The Objective of this research is to determine efficacy of Mefenamic Acid and Tranexamic Acid on amount of menstrual bleeding of patients with hypermenorrhea presenting to Gynecologic Clinic of Booali Hospital. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with hypermenorhea were selected. Randomly 25 patients were managed with Tranexamic Acid and another 25 patients were managed with Mefenamic Acid during first 5 days of menstruation. Age range of patients was between 25 to 45 years old and their parity was less than 5 and their contraceptives were not OCP or IUD. Gynecologic study such as endometrial biopsy and fractional D & C were performed, if needed, to rule out organic causes. Patients suffering from other diseases such as peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, thromboembolic disease and coagulation disorders were not included in study. Efficacy of management were determined with number of pads that were used before and after management with both drugs during first 5 days of menstruation. and results were evaluated with statistical t-test method. Results: In this study, one patient from both groups was excluded because of incomplete history and continuation of the treatment. From twenty four patients in each group, seven patients from mefenamic acid group and 13 patients from Tranxamic acid responded completely to medical management, because the number of daily pads decreased to <5 sixteen patients in Mefenamic Acid group and ten patients in Tranxamic Acid responded partially because the number of daily pads decreased to 5-7. One patient in each group didn’t respond to medical treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that both the mefenamic acid and tranexamic acid are effective in decreasing the menstrual blood loss and effect of tranexamic acid in decreasing the menstrual blood loss is little more than that of mefenamic acid.}, Keywords = {Mefenamic Acid,Menorrhagia, Tranexamic Acid}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {39-44}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {NasiriMoghadam, SH and Sabzevari, S}, title = {A Survey of Views of Operating Rooms Personnel about Preventive Criteria for Lower limb Varicose Veins}, abstract ={Introduction: Varicose veins is a common complication people who are forced to stay on their feet for a long time because of the kind of their jobs. The nurses who work on operating rooms have to stay on their feet for a long time and without movement so as a result, this situation makes them face the lower limbs varicose veins. Objective: This research is a descriptive study determining the views of the nurses working in operating rooms of the hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences about preventive actions for lower limb varicose veins. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire contained 23 questions which drew up in two sections and in order to analyze the data, central tendency, dispersion, ANOVA and the T test were used. Results: The results of this research indicate that most of the answers of personnel about their views of the individual steps for preventing lower limb varicose veins and also about the steps of some organizations for preventing the lower limb varicose veins were 48.3% and 59% respectively. Examination of the connection between nurses’ views about the individual steps and the demographic characteristics of the "T" test between females and males indicated a significant difference (P<0.008). Other demographic characteristics didn't show any statistically significant difference. In a comparison between the average of scores of nurses’ views about the organizational preventive steps and demographic characteristics according to ANOVA test between educational documents and the position showed significant difference (P<0.01) respectively (P<0.005). Demographic characteristics no statistically significant difference were seen. Conclusion: Considering these results, the necessity for increasing the personnel's knowledge of how to prevent the varicose veins and also the necessity for provision enough possibilities in this field are quite felt.}, Keywords = {Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Operating Room Nursing, Varicose Veins}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {PourAram, H and Aminpour, A and Kalantari, N and Golestan, B and Abtahi, M}, title = {Survey of anthropometrics indexes Weight, Height, TSF And BMI status of adolescent girls in Astaneh Ashrafieh/ Gilan/ Iran/ 2000}, abstract ={Introduction: Adolescence is a period of mental and physical maturation. It is a clear period of physiological, physical, behavioral and social changes. Unfortunately, there are a few researches on health and nutritional situation of adolescent girls and boys in Iran. Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of anthropometrics and BMI of high school girl adolescents in urban and rural areas in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh.2000. ‏ Materials and Methods: This research was a cross – sectional study on 336 girls (168 urban, 168 rural) at the ages of 14-17 with simple random sampling method. Height, weight and TSF were measured to the nearest 0/5 cm, 0/5 kg and with caliper respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was compared with the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey I (NHANESI). Independent t-test, Chi Square are the statistical methods were used for data analyses. Results: Data analysis showed that means of the height, weight, BMI and TSF in urban girls were 157.5 ± 5. 1 (cm), 54.22 ±10.09 (kg) , 21.77±3.53(kg / m2) and 13.75±6.48 (mm) respectively and in rural area: 156.97±4.7 (cm), 52.62±9.03 (kg), 20.99±3.25 (kg/m2) and 12.76±5.36 (mm). Weight for Age (W/A) indexes of urban and rural girls were %7.6 and %9 below 5th centile and %2 and %0.6 upper 95th centile of NCHS respectively. Height for Age (H/A) indexes were %13.2 and %11.9 below 5th centile and %0.5 and %0.6 upper 95th centile of NCHS respectively. Conclusion: With regard to Body Mass Index (BMI) and TSF, the results of the present study showed a good nutritional status of the urban and rural girls and there wasn’t any significant difference between urban and rural areas. Stunting was prevalent among the rural and urban girls. It has been suggested that implementation of nutritional education program is necessary to increase the nutritional knowledge and food diversification in adolescent girls.}, Keywords = {Adolescent, Anthropometry, /Body Mass Index}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {56-65}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Comparison Between complications of Tubal Ligation Via Laparotomy and Laparascopy}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays tubal ligation(TL) is a safe method for women that its acceptability is increasing. Several methods are suggested for TL. The two major methods include: minilaparotomy and laparoscopy. Objective: The goal of this study is to compare early and late complications of tubal ligation via laparoscopy and minilaparotomy. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective (cohort) study with one-year follow- up of 118 patients who underwent tubal ligation (TL) in Mahdiye Hospital in 1994. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, 90 patients underwent TL via minilaparotomy and 60 patients underwent TL via laparoscopy. In this study, complications of two methods were evaluated and compared. At last, statistical analysis was carried out with spss.9 software and using chi-square test. Results: There was not any complication during operation in minilaparotomy group,but in laparoscopic group, mesosalpinx rupture and hematoma were seen in one patient (P>0.05). Serosanginous or purulent secretion of incision was observed in 3 cases in minilaparotomy group (4.1%), but this early complication was not observed in laparoscopy group (P>0.05). Menstrual disorders and pelvic pain (2 cases and 1 case respectively) were observed during one-year follow up in minilaparotomy group and these complications were not observed in laparoscopic group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the lack of significant difference in complications of two mentioned groups and since minilaparotomy is a more expensive procedure than the other one, it is better to apply laparoscopy for TL at more extensive levels.}, Keywords = {Laparatomy, Laparoscopy, Sterilization, Tubal }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-727-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-727-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Moosavi, S.}, title = {Professional Problems of Operating Rooms from the Standpoint of Personnel in Iran Between 2001 - 2002.}, abstract ={Introduction: The increase of medical knowledge and technology has opened new horizons in the field of patient treatments. In this instance, use of standard equipments and resources and also application of theories for quality care are necessary in all fields of patient treatment as well as operating rooms (Ors). Objective: This study was done by a descriptive and research method to determine the existing issues and problems in operating rooms in Iran from 2001 to 2002. Materials and Methods: Data collection tool consisted of a four part questionnaire which covered problems related to infection control, or personnel performance, equipments and resources related to safety in OR and profession needs (such as promotion).The sample consisted of 100 OR personnel from 20 provinces in Iran. Results: The majority of samples (98%)did not use special gowns during infectious surgical operations and only 32% of them admitted to using various disinfectants as a means of infection control.90% of samples said that cleaning and preparing surgery sets were done by unprofessional personnel. 92% of samples didn't communicate with their patients and 100% of samples did not use protective shields for their patients.86% of samples declared there were no safety facilities against X-rays and 90% said there was no standard air conditioning. In regard to profession needs, the results indicated that for 84% of samples even planning for holding medical conferences was not carried out by managers or heads of ORs. Conclusion: Research finding indicated that the most important problems in ORs in Iran included control infection, lack of safety or structural facilities and non- fulfillment of profession needs.}, Keywords = {Infection, Operating Room Nursing, operating Rooms standards, Safety}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-728-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-728-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Study on Prevalence of Horizontal Strabismus in Patients Under 14 Years}, abstract ={Introduction: Prevalence of strabismus in general population is 5% and 90% of that is horizontal. Esotropia accounts for more than half of it. According to different etiology of strabismus that is treatable with simple glasses, association with amblyopia, cosmetic and functional compliance. Objective: We tried to do a descriptive study about frequency of different types of horizontal strabismus. Materials and Methods: In our descriptive study, patients with following criteria were selected: patients presenting to special clinic in Rasht with horizontal strabismus and under the age of 14 between 1999-2000 and in first quarter of Iranian year 1381 (2nd quarter of 2001). Eye examinations included central visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction with atropine eye drop 0.5% (every 8hours for 3 days), measurement of deviation in far (6meters), near (o.33 meter) with alternate prism & cover test and fundoscopy. If needed, glasses was prescribed and in some cases, surgery done. Then data were surveyed with a descriptive study model. Results: Total cases were 291.Of all patients, 221 cases (76%) had esotropia and 70 cases (24%) exotropia. 56% of total cases, 57% of esotropia and 54% of exotropia are females and the rest are males. Female/male ratios in total cases of esotropia and exotropia are 1.31 and 1.16 respectively. The most common esotropia types are refractive accommodative (30%), partially accommodative (27.7%) & congenital (19.7%). The most common exotropia types are basic (47%), simulated divergence excess (17%) and sensory (12%). 11% of all cases had A, V pattern. 35% of esotropia and 25% of exotropia had amblyopia. Conclusion: This study indicated that refractive accommodative esotropia is the most common type and wearing glasses at low ages can reduce the amount of deviation and amblyopia.}, Keywords = { Epidemiology, Eye Diseases, Strabismus }, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {80-85}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-729-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-729-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Comparision of two Teaching Strategies : Lecture and PBL, on Learning and Retaining in Nursing Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Health care services require nurses who are critical thinkers, with high-learning skills, who can solve problems for which there are no standard solutions.Therefore,a change in the way teachers teach merits considerations. Objective: With regard to above considerations, this research has been carried out to compare the effects of two teaching methods: Lecture and PBL on learning and retaining in nursing students in Shahid Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery Faculty in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The sample of this semi-experimental study consisted of 29 students that were randomly divided into two groups control (students under lecture method) and experimental (students under PBL method). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, which included (1) demographic data and (2) multiple choice questions for knowledge assessment. Results: The result of Paired T test showed that PBL strategy had positive effect on learning and retaining, but Lecture method had positive effect only on learning, without significant effect on retaining. There were no significant differences between the two methods on learning and retaining, however there were more benefits in lecture group in terms of learning and in PBL group in terms of retaining. Conclusion: Observation of higher mean score in expremental group compared with Control group can be indicator of appropriateness of P.B.L as a good replacement for lecture method.However, we need more researches for selecting appropriate methods.}, Keywords = {Education, Nursing, Learning, Problem-Based Learning, Students, Nursing, Teaching.}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {86-94}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-730-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-730-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {47}, pages = {95-97}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-731-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-731-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Babaei, P and Damirchi, A and Assarzadeh, M}, title = {The Effect of a Single Maximal Aerobic Training on Serum IgG and IgA}, abstract ={Introduction: The immune systems reaction to stress, especially exercise is one of the most important subjects in medical sciences. It has been already shown that the effect of physical activity depends on several factors such as: intensity of activity, duration and also distance and frequency of training. In this study maximal exhausting training was chosen as a kind of training, which is usually used by athletes. Objective: The experiment was designed regarding the effect of a maximal aerobic training with a %90 heart rate on serum immunoglobulin G and A. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one students were randomly selected and divided into two groups experimental group (n=11) and control group (n=10). The mean age, weight and height for these groups were respectively (21.9), (22.7) years, (70), (68) kg, (174.5) and (170.2)cm. The Vena blood sample of subjects was taken both before and immediately after training. Then the levels of IgG and IgA more measured by the method of SRID. Results: Statistical analysis using T-student showed that the means of serum IgG and IgA were significantly decreased (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results indicated that a single maximal aerobic training (%90 HR) had significant effect on serum IgG and IgA in male collegiate students. The obtained data can be related to elevation in cortisol or other hormones and also glutamin activity after training.}, Keywords = {Immune System, Immunoglobulins, Sport}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Ghirvani, Z and Poorgholami, M}, title = {A Comparative Study of The Effects of Intraperitoneal and Intracerebellar Ventricle Injection of Picrotoxin and Biccuculine on Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration in Mice}, abstract ={Introduction: GABA is a inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS that plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose. There have been reports that GABA-A receptors might cause a reduction in the concentration of blood glucose by increasing the insulin plasma and decreasing the glucagon and somatostatine. Objective: This study was carried out to compare the effects of interaperitoneal and intracerebellar ventricle injection of Picrotoxin and Biccuculine on regulation of blood glucose concentration in mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, male albino mice weighing 20-30 grams were used. Serial blood collection from each animal was done by retro- orbital sinus puncture, and glucose concentration was measured using O-toluidin. In this experiment, the effect of different doses (IP and ICV) injection of Picrotoxin and Biccuculine on blood glucose was studied. One-way variance analysis and t-test were adopted in statistical analysis of the collected data. Results: The results indicated that IP and ICV injection of Picrotoxin and Biccuculine induce significant increase of blood glucose concentration in two groups (p<0.05). Another point is that increased blood glucose concentration is observed until 45-th mintue in all doses but after this time, blood glucose almost according to similar pattern is reduced and in 90 minutes, it will reach its minimal level. Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that GABA- A receptors have an inhibiting role in regulation of blood glucose. Further research seems inevitable since the effects of GABA-A receptors on blood glucose concentration is a complex phenomenon.}, Keywords = {Bicucullin, Glucose, Picrotoxin}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {7-17}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Paknahad, Z and Mahdavi, R and Asgary, S and Naderi, GH and Mahboob, S and Rajabi, P and KarimAbadeh, N}, title = {A Comparison Effects of Diet Enriched by Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Fat On Serum Lipoprotein, Lipid Peroxidation And Atherosclerosis Development in Rabbits}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {18-28}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-736-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-736-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimie, S and Haghbin, S}, title = {Effects of Fluid Therapy with Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia}, abstract ={Introduction: Jaundice is one of the most common problems of neonatal period. It is important because of toxic effect of unconjugate bilirubin on brain and its many severe complications so that invention of a new approach to achieve earlier recovery has always been an issue. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous fluid therapy in addition to phototherapy in reduction of serum bilirubin of affected neonates admitted in hospitals. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, weighting over 2500 grams, age over 72 hours, total serum bilirubin 17-25 mg/dl, direct bilirubin < 2mg/dl and without systemic and hemolytic diseases (except for glucose-6-phosphotase deficiency) in Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj from May to September 2001. Patients were randomly divided into the study group and control group. In control group, only conventional phototherapy was used and in the study group, intravenous fluidtherapy dextrose water 10%,1.5 times as much as maintenance requirement with NaCl 3 meq/100 cc fluid for a 24 - hour duration, in addition to conventional phototherapy. The patients were discharged when their serum bilirubin reached 12 mg/dl. Results: Statistically, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, weight and level of serum bilirubin in admission time. The mean duration of admission in study group was 3.23 days and in control group 4.53 days (P= 0.00005). Also the mean of total serum bilirubin in control and study groups after 24 and 48 hours following treatment were reduced to 16.27 mg/dl and 15. 18 mg/dl (P= 0.039) and 14.29 mg/dl and 12.65 mg/dl (P= 0.0006), respectively. Conclusion: Maintaining adequate hydration with fluids containing 10% dextrose for infants receiving phototherapy results in faster decline in serum bilirubin level and, therefore, earlier discharge from hospital.}, Keywords = {Bilirubin, Fluid Therapy, Jaundice, Neonatal, Phototherapy }, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {29-33}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-737-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-737-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Farmanbar, R}, title = {A Study on Health Maintenance Methods in Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Health is a turning point of nursing care and nursing education. Nursing instruction program provides a context for the students to examine their life styles and create the appropriate changes in their health and assume the professional responsibility in order to be a good model with regard to health behavior. Objective: In this descriptive- comparative research, we studied the first and last- year nursing students of Guilan Nursing Faculties and their health styles. Materials and Methods: 130 students were selected by stratified random sampling from nursing schools of Rasht, Anzaly, Somesara, Langrood and Lahijan. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Results: Results indicated that the majority of students (58.5%) had risky condition in eating habits. Most of the first- year (58.5%) and last- year (47.7%) students had risky condition in exercise and other activities. 44.6% of them had risky condition in stress control. 78.5% of first- year and 69.2% of last year students had good condition concerning the way of safety maintenance. There was a significant difference between these two groups (p<0.00001). The condition was excellent concerning smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: It can be conluded that both first and last- year students did not have appropriate condition regarding the health styles and as the behaviors of health and treatment staff are considered a pattern for others, this problem requires further study and investigation.}, Keywords = {Health, Nursing Students}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {34-43}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mirmansoori, A and Farzi, F and Ramazani, M}, title = {Effects of Topical Clobetazol on Post Extubation Sore Throat in Surgery}, abstract ={Introduction: Tracheal intubation is a safe and popular method for airway control during general anesthesia for sugery , but it has some complictions such as airway mucosal barrier damage that results post-extubation sore theoat (21%-65%). This complication is uncomfortable for patients and it is one of causes of delayed discharge in outpatients. Therefore, reducing this complication is useful for both patients and medical health centers. Objective: In this study, we wanted to evaluate the effect of topical Clobetazol cream on sore throat after tracheal extubation. Materials and Methods: In a double- blind reandomized clinical trial, 88 patients in ASA class I or II and age over 18 years were selected as condidates for elective surgery other than head and neck surgery. They were randomly divided into two groups. Each group had 44 patients. In one group, Clobetazol cream was applied on tracheal tubes before intubation. In another group, Vitamin A cream was used for this purpose. 2,12 and 24 hours after extubation according to questionaires, the patients were asked about sore throat. Data were processed by SPSS sofware and then analyzed with X2 test. (p<0.05 was considered significant). Results: Incidence of sore throat after tracheal extubation in clobetazol group was 24.5% and in Vitamin A group 63.6% (P<0.005) Conclusion: According to results of this study, we concluded that applying Clobetazol cream on tracheal tube before tracheal intubation is highly effective in reducing sore throat after extubation .}, Keywords = {Clobetasol, Intubation, Intratvacheal, Pharyngitis }, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {44-48}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {YousefiMashhour, M and Foroutan, H and MansourGhanaei, F and Ghofrani, H}, title = {Effects of Lamivudine on Function of Liver and Clinical Condition in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B causes a significant decrease in survival of these patients. Prescription of Alpha interfrone for these patients is forbidden. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Lamivudine in decreasing the Symptoms arising from this decompensation. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Lamivudine on liver function and clinical status of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis arising from HBV presenting to the Supporting Center of patients with liver diseases or those being hospitalized at Gastrology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital. Materials and methods: In a clinical trial on the basis of liver consideration in 55 patients with cirrhosis that had positive HbsAg, positive HBV DNA, child-pugh score more than 8, but not with positive HCV Ab or positive HIV Ab and creatinin of serum, more than 2 mg/dl, they were treated with 100 mg of Lamivudine tablets daily.In these patients, serum level of bilirubin, albumin, ALT, AST and also the PT coagulation time (on the basis of INR) were controlled at the beginning of study and then at intervals of 2 to 6 months and finally 12 months after the start of treatment and in terms of presence and intensity of ascites and encephalopathy, the patients were examined by a physician. Also at the beginning of the study and 6 and 12 months later, HBs, Ag, HBV DNA, Hbe Ag and Hbe Ab were checked. On the basis of the table related to child-pugh, its amount was calculated at the beginning of the study and at intervals of 2 to 6 months and then 12 months. Results: 5 patients died in the first 6 months of treatments. The following results are related to 50 patients being under treatment with Lamivudine at least for a period of 6 months. In these patients mean child-pugh score was decreased from 11±2 (mean ± criterion deviation) to 7±1 (p<.0001), mean level of bilirubin from 4.5±2 to 1.3±1.6 mg/dl (p<.0001) and mean level of albumin from 2.6±2 to 3.8±1.3 g/dl (p<.0001) and mean PT (INR) from 1.7±2 to 1.2±2 (p<.0001) and mean ALT from 98±10 to 32±10 units per liter (p<.0001). Out of 19 patients not being precormutant, 4 patients (22%) had Hbe Ag seroconversion after 6 months of treatments and 5 (26%) after a 12-month treatment with Lamivudine. All of the patients tolerated this drug very well. Conclusion: Lamivudine can be effective in improvement of liver function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis resulting from HBV, but for determination of proper period of treatment, further studies are necessary.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Virus, Lamivudine, Liver Cirrhosis}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {49-55}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, HA}, title = {Examination of Hypokalemia In Prognosis of Brain Stroke}, abstract ={Introduction: Prognosis of patients with brain stroke is dependent on muliple factors. A study points out that mild decrease of serum potassium level without clinical signs is associated with bad outcome. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the mild hypocalemia and outcome of patients addmited in Neurology Department of Shafa Medical Center, affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients with brain stroke were selected. Serum levels of potassium ion were determined at the first hours of stroke. Evaluation of patients situation was carried out 2 months after discharge by phone contacts with patients or their families for investigation about the ability or disability of patients for activity. Results: 100 patients with brain stroke were evaluated. The males were slightly more than females (60%). More than 30% of patients were not active (EDSS/7) and mild hypokamelia (K<3.5 meg/l) without clinical signs was found out in 30% of patients. Mild hypokalemia was seen more in cases that neurological symptoms were more severe (P<0.01). Cases with mild hypokalemia were associated with more disability after 2 months (P<0.01). Conclusion: Mild hypokalemia at the first hours after stroke was more in those patients with more neurological defects and it was associated with higher disabilities after 2 months since the discharge.}, Keywords = {Cerebral Infarction, Disabled, Hypokalemia, Potassium}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {56-61}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {MehrAfza, M and AmadehZiabari, M}, title = {A Comparative Study on Colposcopy and Cervical Biopsy Findings in Patients with Minimally Abnormal Pap Smear Test}, abstract ={Introduction:The preinvasive cervical lesions are increased appreciately in recent years.Early diagnosis and management of abnormal pap test has an effective role in prevention of invasive cervical carcinoma and its related mortality.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intraepithelial dysplasia and to compare colposcopic- histologic results in patients with minimaly abnormal papanicolaou smears (ASCUS, nuclear enlargement, low-grade SIL and atypical metaplasia). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intraepithelial dysplasia and compare colposcopic- histologic results in patients with minimaly abnormal papanicolaou smears (ASCUS, nuclear enlargement, low- garde SIL and atypical metaplasia). Materials and Methods:This research was a cross- sectional study that evaluated patients presenting with minimaly abnormal pap test to Gynecology Clinic in Alzahra Hospital (Rasht) from June 1998 to December 1999. All patients underwent colposcopy and biopsy due to suspicious lesions immediately. The results were analyzed with 2 test to calculate differences between the two reports of colposcopy and pap test. Results: Out of a research sample consisting of 70 people, 49 patients (70%) had histologic SIL (LSIL and HSIL). Histologic intraepithelial lesions were found in 14 patients out of 21 cases (66/6%) of ASCUS group. Among them, one patient was with HSIL and 13 patients were with LSIL. In a total of 18 patients with a positive result of nuclear enlargement pap test, 12 cases (66.6%) were with intraepithelial lesions (2 patients with HSIL and 10 patients with LSIL. In a total of 19 patients with a positive result of intramenopausal and atypical metaplasia in pap smear test, 12 cases (63.2%) had LSIL. Out of 12 patients with positive pap smear result of LSIL, 10 cases (83.3%) were with intraepithelial lesions (3 with HSIL, 7 with LSIL. Conclusion: Considering the observation of histologic intraepithelial lesions with a high grade in patients with pap smear result of LSIL and nuclear enlargement profile at the age of 30 and above and with regard to ASCUS at the ages below 30, colcoscopy and biopsy are suggested when there is a well- equipped center.}, Keywords = {Biopsy, Cervix Neoplasms, Colposcopy}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {62-68}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {FarajiDarkhaneh, R and ZahiriSooroori, Z and FarjadBastani, F}, title = {A Survey of Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women About Delivery Methods}, abstract ={Introduction: In Spite of the increasing rate of cesarean section and its public acceptance, many are not aware of its complications. Objective: To provide information on pregnant women’s knowledge and attitude about vaginal versus abdominal delivery, we carried out the present study. Materials and Methods: 602 pregnant women attending at eight maternity centers and four private offices in Rasht in 2000 were selected randomly. A questionaire was provided by counseling with gynecologist. Its reliability was confirmed by test and retest. It was completed through interview. The survey showed that 4.2% of women had high knowledge (>80% correct answers), 62.7% of women have moderate knowledge (50-75% correct answers) and 33.7% had limited knowledge (<50% correct answers). 75.4% of women had positive attitude and 24.6% had negative attitude toward vaginal delivery, most of them were aware about pain after cesarean section (8.7%) and also high expenses (77.2%) and longer hospitalization (66.3%). Results: There was significant statistical relation between knowledge and marrital age (P<0.006), literacylevel (P<0.001), job (P<0.03) and family income (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the low level of knowledge in the women it can be concluded that young people in the society need more training and education about this subject during the first various periods of reproductive life and education.}, Keywords = {Attitude, Cesarean Section, Labor}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {69-75}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Monfared, A and Khosravi, M and Orangpoor, R and MoosavianRoshanzamir, SA and AghajaniNargesi, D}, title = {Reasons of Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis Patients in Guilan Province}, abstract ={Introduction: Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is characterized by impaired renal function, which is progressive & irreversible. Most of these patients will need hemodialysis (HD) in future. Treatment of CRF with HD has many echonomical & psychiatric problem for patients & society. Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the reasons of chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients in Guilan Province. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 414 Patients under HD were evaluated in 10 center in Guilan. Required data were obtained from doctor’s note, sonography, ECG, renal biopsy & history taking include: age, sex, how long form 1st dialysis & causes of CRF Results: In this study 414 cases including 213 (51.4 %) male & 201 (48.6 %) female were studied. Mean age of patients was 48.9±15.9 in initiation of HD. Results showed that the most common causes of ESRD in this region were hypertension (26.1%), glomerulonephritis (10.9%), diabetes mellitus (10.1%) renal stone (8.7%) and polycystic kidney (6.8%). Other cases such as congenital disease, lupus, Alport syndrome, trauma, bleeding during labor hemorrhagia and drugs were 10.1% and 23.4% were unknown. Conclusion: The most common causes of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in this region was hypertension (26.1%) and also In this study, glomerulonephritis and diabetes mellitus were second and third causes of ESRD. Also nephrolithiasis, as a cause of CRF was more common in this region. This can be related to probable high-risk prevalence of nephrolithiasis in this region. Causes of CRF between two sexes or age >40 and <40 were different significantly. (p<0.05)}, Keywords = {Hemodialysis, Hypertension, Kidney Failure, Acute}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {76-83}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Hoda, S and Aliee, A and Shakiba, M and Odi, M and GhasemiPoor, M and PoorRasooli, Z}, title = {A Study of Frequency of Cancerous Organs in Guilan Province (1999-2000)}, abstract ={Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease in human communities. Frequency of cancers follows ethnic, geographical, and environmental conditions in each area so registration and collection of cancers in each area for centralizing of diagnostic and therapeutic programs should be done. Objective: In this Survey, we determined frequency of cancerour organs in Guilan from 1999 till 2000. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive case-series study that was carried out performed as census in hematology and pathology centers of Guilan. All malignancy cases was diagnosed from 11/1999- 11/2000 were gathered . The prevalence rate per 100,000 population determined with regard to census of Guilan population in 1996. Data were analyzed by EPI info 2000 program. Result: Among 1409 malignant cases, 750 cases (53.8%) were males and 644 cases (46.2%) were females. Sex ratio (M/F) was 1:16. The mean age of patients was 57.1+ 17.2. There was the most frequency of cancers in 60-69 age group (36%). The prevalence rate of cancer was 62.8 per 100,000 people. In this research, stomach cancer was identified as the most common cancer in both sexes (17.8%) and after it follows breast (11%), urinary bladder (9.3%), colorectal (8%), esophagus (7.3%), blood (4.3%), prostate (3.3%), uterus (3%), lymph node (3%) and abdominal cavity (2.1%) respectively. Conclusion: Frequency of cancers in Guilan Province has had a considerable increase in comparison with previous studies. Of course, it may be due to difference in research method and data collection. In recent years, Guilan has been in the first place for stomach cancer in Iran. Perhaps it is because of exposure to nutritional risk factors. It is possible that nutritional factors like salted fish, pickle vegetable, smoked herring, cooked potato and cereals which are important parts of Guilanian’s diet play a major role in developing gastric cancer.}, Keywords = {Age Groups, Disease Outbreaks, Hematology, Neoplasms, Pathology, Sex}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {84-92}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mamishie, S and Syadatie, A and Keshavarz, H and Holakoui, K}, title = {Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Patients Admitted to Outpatient Department in Markaze Tebi Koudakan}, abstract ={Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis affecting both human beings and some animal species, and it is caused by coccidia, toxoplasma gondii. Human infection by toxoplasma has worldwide spread and its prevalence varies from zero to ninety percent from a region to the other depending on the geographical situation, people behavioral and nutritional habits. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in patients admitted to outpatient department in Markaze Tebbi Koudakan, Tehran. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical and cross- sectional case study, carried out on 446 blood samples which were collected from individuals admitted to outpatient department in Markaze Tebbi Koudakan (Children Medical Center in Tehran). For each individual a questionnaire was filled in, then two finger prick samples were taken and serologically tested by indirect fluorescent antibody technique using 1:20, 1:100 and 1:200 serum dilutions. Any positive serum in 1:200 dilutions was rechecked for final dilution. Serum dilution of 1:20 and more was considered as a cut - point for the infection. Results: A total of 25 persons (5.6 percent) showed positive titers from 1:20 to 1:800 and 421 persons (94.4 percent) showed no antibody titer and were sero – negative. Although the prevalence rate of infection in males was more than females (6 and 5.1 percent respectively), there was no statistical significance between them. The seropositive rate in children below two years was zero and it seems there is a trend toward increasing seropositivity by aging. The highest prevalence rate (10. 8 percent) was observed in 10-13 year age group. No statistical significance was found between the seropositivity rate and contact with cats,consumption of improperly cooked meat and raw vegetables. We believe that the quality of washing and disinfecting vegetables are efficient and important factors, the findings proved that in 17 positive cases (77.3%) the vegetables were washed by pure water and only 5 cases (22.7%) consumed disinfected vegetables. Conclusion: Although no statistical significance was found between the seropositivity rate and clinical signs (strabism, microcephally, … ), but by using Chi- Square and Fischer tests, there was statistically significant between lymphoadenopathy and toxoplasmosis. Considering the calculation of odds ratio with a confidence interval of 90% it was found that the possibility of being infected by Toxoplasma gondii in people who are involved with lymphoadenopathy was six times more than those who were not.}, Keywords = {Age, Child, Disease Outbreaks, Toxoplasma }, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {93-104}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {46}, pages = {105-107}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-747-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Rabiyi, M and SahebJamee, M}, title = {Effect of Aqueous Triamcinolone Acetonide %0.2 Suspension in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus.}, abstract ={Introduction: Lichen planus is a common immunologic mucocutaneous disease. Dr. Wilson described this disease entity for the first time. Then experiments were done to distingiushe details of disease and its treatments. Since that time different topical or systemic Corticostroides has been applied for treatment. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to determinate the efficacy of aqueous suspension of Triamcinolone Acetionde 0.2% in treatment of Lichen Planus. Materials and Methods: This Quazi experience Study has been done in 30 patients with oral lichen planus in faculty of Tehran University of Dentistry. Biographic information, background of systemic disease and any variations in clinical course of the disease scored and then recorded. Patients’ sign and symptoms and their responses to treatment were assessed. Results: From 30 patients 21 were female and 9 were male. Mean age was 44.4 years. The result of this study indicated relief of symptoms in 86.7% of patients after rising the mouth wash. Complete healing and repair of lesions occurred in 6 patients, more than 50% repair was seen in 16 patients and repair up to 50% in 7 patients. Changes in sign and symptoms after applying drug through paired t- test showed significant differences. Conclusion: According to adverse effects of systemic corticostroids applying this mouthwash is strongly recommended in these patients. Particularly in patients with wide spread lesions rising with mouth wash is more comfortable for the patient than applying ointments.}, Keywords = {Lichen Planus, Oral, Mouth Discuses Therapy }, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Jahandideh, Y and Rashidan, N}, title = {Effect of Bite Plane on The EMG Activity of Mastication Muscles in T.M.J Dysfunctions}, abstract ={Introduction: Bite plane is an important devices for diagnosing and treating the patient with T.M.J dysfunctions. Objective: The aim of this research is to study its effects on EMG activity of mastication muscles. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with TMJ dysfunctions were selected. EMG of masseter and temporal muscles (left and right) was recorded with surface electrode. Then, the subjects were freated by the bite plane. The wave were taken in both muscles in three positions, include rest position (r), maximum intercuspation position (co) and maximum clenching (cl). Bite plane was made for all patients from cold cure acrylic resin. Before the use of bite plane, E.M.G was gotten two sides of mastication muscles then it was used for 3 months only at nights and after that E.M.G will be repeated and then they compare to each other with analysis of pair-t-test. Results: The mean activity of masster and temporal muscles decrease in the left and right side of patient after use of bite plane (P<0.05). The mean duration masster muscle didn’t have significant difference after treatment. Conclusion: Bite plane in patients with T.M.J disorders cause to decreases activity of contraction of mastication muscles it may before importance of temporal muscles in position of mandibular joints. But, the masster muscle is less affected by bite plane.}, Keywords = {Electromyography, Muscles, Tempromandibular Joint Diseases}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {7-15}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Dalili, Z and Mohtavipour, S.T.}, title = {Frequency of Medial Sigmoid Depression in Panoramic View of Orthodontic Patients Based on Facial Skeletal Classification}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the normal landmarks in panoramic radiograph is in upper portion of mandibular ramus, which is termed medial sigmoid depression. Prevalence of this normal finding may be variable in different skeletal classification. Because this area is thin, it may also increase the potential for complications in orthognatic surgery if this area is involved. Objective: Comparing the prevalence of medial sigmoid depression in panoramic view of orthodontic patient based on facial skeletal classification was objective point of this study. Materials and Methods: In this study, 465 panoramic and lateral cephalometric views of patients (Including 236 cl.I, 141 cl.II and 88 cl.III patients) before orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Planmeca 2002 EC Proline Panoramic Machine provided all of radiographs. Angle classification was done by some orthodontists through study of cephalometry and consideration of their patients’ clinical status. Then panoramic radiographs were evaluated to determine present or absent of finding of medial sigmoid depression on RT and LT sides and categorized this finding to“ Marked” and “slight” criteria. Results: According to present study, prevalence of this depression was more common in skeletal cl.II (RT: %38.8, LT %39) and cl.III patients (RT: %23.9, LT: %38.6) in comparison with cl.I group (RT: %21.6, LT: %26.7) thus this finding has relationship with facial skeletal abnormalities. There was no correlation between this finding and side of involvement. No significant statistical difference was observed between the radiographic criteria of this depression in different skeletal classification. Conclusion: High prevalence of medial sigmoid depression in patient with skeletal problem and more needs to orthodontic surgery in these groups were The most important results of consideration and attention to this area before mandibular osteotomies for prevention of any side effects.}, Keywords = {Anatomy, Mandible, Radiography, Sigmoid}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {16-23}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-751-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-751-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {RadAfshar, G and RezazadehAzar, S}, title = {Clinical Evaluation of Different Grafting Procedures for Root Coverage}, abstract ={Introduction: A variety of surgical techniques have been used to cover recession type defects. Yet, improving the results of root coverage techniques for Miller class III and IV recession defects is a matter of concern. Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical outcome following treatment of localized gingival recessions (including Miller class III and IV) by six different grafting procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with overall twenty-seven Miller classes I to IV Buccal gingival recessions participated in this study, from the year 1379 to I381. After completing the phase I periodontal therapy for all the patients, following clinical variables were recorded: The apical extent of the gingival recession, the width of the recession defect measured at the Cemeto-enamel junction (CEJ), as well as probing depth and attachment level. Results: All grafting procedures resulted in a significant gain (p<0.005) of root coverage and statistically significant reduction in probing depth and gain of attachment level (p<0.005). Conclusions: All six grafting procedures evaluated in this study offer predictable and convenient approach as root coverage procedures in Miller class I and II recession defects. Combining pedicle grafts with free connective tissue grafts (combined procedures) seems to improve the results following surgical treatment of Miller class III, IV and wide class II recession defects.}, Keywords = {Gingival Diseases, Gingival Recession}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {24-35}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-752-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-752-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Rabiei, M and MohtashameAmiri, Z and MasoodiRad, H and Niazi, M and Niazi, H}, title = {Frequency of Tongue Anomalies in Primary School Of Lahidjan}, abstract ={Introduction: Several developmental anomalies have been frequently seen to occur in the oral cavity, including the tongue that causes burning sensation, pain and dysfunction. Geographic tongue, Fissure tongue and Ankyloglossia are in this category. The congenital and environmental effects of these anomalies have been pointed out in a few investigations. The frequency of these anomalies has been surveyed in different communities using different methods. Objective: The purposed of this study that was conducted in 2003, was to determine the frequency of different morphological variations of the tongue in a population of school children aged 7 – 12 years in Lahidjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total 1120 subjects (560 boys and 560 girls) that represented the study population, were studied in a multistage cluster sampling. Each school was considered as a cluster of 70 subjects that were selected by random selection in view of the total sample size. Results: The results indicated a frequency of 13.4% for geographic tongue, 11% for Fissure tongue, 6.7% for Ankyloglossia also there was a significantly higher frequency of Fissure tongue (P = 0.002), Geographic tongue (P = 0.007) and Ankyloglossia (P= 0.002) in boys than girls. Conclusion: The present study indicates a higher frequency of tongue abnormalities than previous studies, however further investigations are required to indicate if hereditary and congenital factors play a vital role or if the environmental factors in this region vary with those in other regions.}, Keywords = {Glossitis, Benign Migratory}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {NeshandarAsli, H}, title = {Comparison of Transverse Strength in PMMA Reinforced by Wire and Iron Mesh}, abstract ={Introduction: Pay attention to Acrilie Reinforced Denture is important for dentists especially in elder persons that have less control on them. Objective: The aim of this study is comparison of transverse strength in PMMA rein forced by Wire and Iron Mesh. Materials and Methods: In this research thirty hard, heat curing acrylic in dimensions of 31570 mm which was selected in ten samples for each Parameter. The selected groups were reinforced with putting 1/00 mm Wire (Group 02) and Mesh (Group 03). Every Single Sample was constructed and generated, even the control group, Which was without any sort of reinforce processing was tested using an Instron device where its strength was thoroughly evaluated. The outcome of the following experiments illustrated the fact that using Wire 1.00 mm increases the strength whereas using the Mesh decreases such strength this experiment proved this fact to the point. Furthermore, when samples where tested through using Wire 1.00 mm, the transverse strength increased up to twelve percent, which shows the fact that the acrylic could be generated even without increasing the volume or the dimensions. Therefore, there will less chance of denture to break down if a thicker wire is used. (1.00 mm Wire) This is carried out on aged patients who are mostly unable to take care of their own denture and use this process to increase the stability in the areas where most of the pressure and use stress is focused on, in which the risk decreases to about twelve percent.}, Keywords = {Acrylic Resim, Dental Prosthesis, Iron }, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-754-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {ZakerJafari, HR and Rashidan, N}, title = {Comparison of Shear Bond Strengths Between Porcelain and Enamel in three types of Bonding Agents}, abstract ={Introduction: The increasing trend of research concerning bonds between Metal, porcelain, … and dental tissue of enamel and dentine, to determine which bonding agent has a higher quality in particular conditions has been going on. Objective: This research was carried out to compare three types of bonding agents Panavia Ex, Mirage bond Flc and Optibond in shear bond strengths porcelain and tissue of enamel. Materials and Methods: In 60 samples of human teeth which were divided in three groups of A, B and C (each group consisting of 20 samples) porcelain was bonded to enamel with these three bonding agents, then they were put under the Instron machine with shear force of On the porcelain near the bonding place. According to the separation time of porcelain from enamel the bond strength power was obtained. Results: After calculating the average figures and variance analyzing (Anova) and also using Scheffe, Duncan, Tukey Hsd Test, these results with were reported in groups A, B and C respectively: Panavia Ex 4.39 Mpa , Mirage Bond Flc 10.41 Mpa and optibond with the most shear strength of 15.90 Mpa Conclusion: Regarding to the result of this research, optibond material was found to have a higher shear bond strength, comparing with the two other substances. Therefore it can be used to bond Inlay، Only and porcelain crown to the tissue of enamel.}, Keywords = {Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Porcelain }, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {50-56}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Jahandideh, Y}, title = {Sectional Impression for Patients with Microstomia}, abstract ={Introduction: The Fabrication of dental prostheses for patients with Microstomia has been a problem for dentists for a long time. Microstomia often seen in patients who suffer from Scleroderma, burns, surgical removal of malignant lesions or congenital deformities. Patient’s Profile: This article describes a patient whose face was burned by hot water and it causes Microstomia. Partial removable prosthesis upper and lower by sectional Impertion technique was made for this patient. Initially, an impression of the mouth with conventional silicon, pour thin impression with dental Placter and at the end diagnostic cast was made, two sectional tray separately with acryl Cold cure, then was made the first final Impression with silicon rubber based. This impression Poured and separate the cast from the impression when the stone has set then second final impression was made, position the Cast made from the first impression in this impression, pour impression containing the Cast in dental Stone. Separate the cost from the impression after the stone has set. The Completed cast was prepared. Conclusion: If the patient will be comfort with this prosthesis we achieve to our aim.}, Keywords = {Sectional tray, Microstomia, Removable partial prosthesis}, volume = {12}, Number = {45}, pages = {57-62}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2003} }