@article{ author = {Maddah, GH and Bagheri, R and SaeediSaedi, H and Roodbari, S.S and Sadeghian, M.H and Mohammadian, N}, title = {Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement in Surgically Resected Patients with Esophageal Cancer}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Bone marrow samples obtained during rib resections in esophageal cancer patients evaluated by immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques revealed disseminated tumor cells in up to 90% samples, but the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. Objective: Evaluation of bone marrow involvement in these patients and its correlation with clinicopathological finding of tumor. Materials and Methods: 43 patients with esophageal cancer who referred to Omid and Ghaem hospitals from April 2008-2009 were selected to transthorasic surgery(without neoadjuvant treatment).Bone marrow samples from rib were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining for tumoral involvement and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry to determine micrometastatic cells. The results were compared with primary tumor histopathologial characteristics T stage, N stage, tumoral length and personal characteristics age & sex. Results: Patients mean age was 60.9(51-70 years), the ratio of male to female was 2.9. 38 cases (88.4%) had squamous cell carcinoma and 5(11.6%) adenocarsinoma. In 9 cases (20.9%) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and 13 cases (30.2%) immunohistochemistry results were positive. There was no correlation between pathologic type and T stage with Hematoxylin-Eosin and cytokeratin results. (p=0.277, p=0.153) and (p=0.221, p=0.097). There was a significant relation between bone marrow dissemination and mediastinal involvement and tumoral grade (p=0.008, p=0.001) and (p=0.002, p=0.001). Conclusion: According to our study, there is a correlation between grade and N stage and bone marrow involvement in esophageal cancer patients and there is no statistically correlation with other clinicopathologial characteristic there is a low bone marrow involvement in our region patients, overally}, Keywords = {Bone Marrow, Esophageal Neoplasms, Esophagectomy, Neoplasm Metastasis}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Jafroodi, M and Asadi, R and Heidarzadeh, A}, title = {Evaluation of Correlation between Iron over Load and the Response of Chronic Hepatitis C in Thalassemia Major Patients Treat with Alfa- Interferon and Ribavirin}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: β thalassemia is genetic disorders in β globin chain production. There is either a complete absence of β globin chain production or a partial reduction. In bone marrow, thalassemic mutations disrupt the maturation of red blood cells, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and disrupt of red blood cells in spleen causes severe hemolytic anemia in β thalassemia major Patients. Transfusion therapy can lead to normal life expectancy but also exposes Patients to the risks of iron over load and transfusion – transmitted viruse. (Especially HCV) these Patients need for effective anti viral therapy in addition to regular iron chelation. Objective: Evaluation of correlation between iron over load and the response of chronic hepatitis C In thalassemia major Patients treat with alfa- interferon and ribavirin. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 30 Patients with β thalassemia major and chronic hepatitis C who referred to clinic of hematology from December 1998 to April 2006. HIC was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy before treatment. Hepatitis C virus, genotype, viral load, were analyzed. Multiple variables were analyzed by SPSS (15) Results: Among the 30 Patients, 17 cases (56.7%) were male and 13 cases (43.3%) female. HIC was determined on a liver biopsy specimen. This study showed that HIC was not correlated to a therapeutic response.(p =1). Evaluation of correlation between viral load and therapeutic response showed that viral load was not correlated to a therapeutic response (p= 0.414). Among the 30 Patients, 24 cases (80%) had genotype 1a and 6 cases (20%) had genotype 3a and genotyping was not correlated to a therapeutic response. (p=0.068). Gender and HIC were not correlated to a therapeutic response. (Male p=0.226) and (female p= 0.199). Conclusion: In this study HIC, genotyping, viral load and gender were not correlated to a therapeutic response and it does not need chelation therapy before anti viral therapy.}, Keywords = {Beta- Thalassemia, Genotype, Hepatitis C, Iron Overload, Interferon- alpha, Ribavirin, Viral load }, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Pourghasem, M and Jorsaraei, GH and Farsi, M and Soltanpour, N and Kamali, N}, title = {Changes of Glycosaminoglycans in the Brain Tissue of Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus affects the metabolism of components of extra cellular matrix such as Glycosaminoglycans. Although the changes of Glycosaminoglycans have been attended but investigation of the changes of Glycosaminoglycans in the brain tissue of diabetic rat is still in early stages. Objective: Investigation of changes of Glycosaminoglycans in brain of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Based on an experimental study, 20 male Rats (Wistar, weight 200-250 gr) were randomly divided to two groups experimental (diabetic, N=10) and non-experimental (non-diabetic, N=10). A single dose of Alloxan (120ml/ km) was injected to the experimental group. Three months after injection, the slides were prepared from the brain of the rats and studied after stained by Hematoxylin- Eosin and Schmorl's method and Critical Electrolyte Concentration (CEC 1-4). Results: CEC staining showed that Heparin sulfate was the only Glycosaminoglycans which have been decreased in the brain tissue of the experimental group and any deposits in neurons, particularly Lipofuscin pigments were not expressed in used of Schmorl's method. Conclusion: According to the important roles of Heparin sulfate in normal functions of the nervous system and its role in repairing of the nervous tissue's injury, decrease of Heparin Sulfate, a kind of Glycosaminoglycans, could induce nervous injury and disorder in brain functions.}, Keywords = {Diabetes Melitus, Glycosaminoglycans, Nerve Tissue, Rats}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {16-21}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shariati, A.R and Abbasi, A and MojerLou, M and Ghorbani, M}, title = {Comparison of the Effects of Oral Charcoal Capsule with Aluminum Hydroxide Syrup on Pruritus in Hemodialysis Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Uremic pruritus is one of the most common and interruptive symptoms in patient with hemodialysis. Approximately, 60% of these patients suffering from this condition. There are several causes for pruritus, thus, various treatments are applied in order to control it. Objectives: Comparison the effects of Oral charcoal capsule with Aluminum Hydroxide Syrup on pruritus in hemodialysis patients in 5 Azar hospital, Gorgan. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-over clinical study, we examined 30 patients with moderate and severe pruritus (two groups n= 15 per group). Subjects received oral charcoal capsule (6g daily in three doses) for two weeks as well as hydroxide aluminum syrup (30 cc three times per day before each meal) for the same time. Wash out period was considered 48 hours. Pruritus severity was determined by visual analog scale (VAS) and measurement of pruritus scale (MPS). Data were analyzed by SPSS using Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, unpaired and paired t-test. P=0.05 was considered as statistic significant level. Results: Based on VAS and MPS, patients in the first group showed 40% moderate pruritus and 60% severe pruritus. However, patients in the second group showed 46.7% moderate pruritus and 53.3% severe pruritus at the beginning of the clinical trials. The results also showed that oral charcoal significantly decreased the severity of pruritus in both groups (α<0.05). However, this effect was not the case for hydroxide aluminum syrup. Conclusion: This study showed that oral charcoal capsule was an effective drug to decrease pruritus in hemodialysis patients to compare with hydroxide aluminum syrup}, Keywords = {Aluminum Hydroxide, Oral Charcoal, Pruritus, Renal Dialysis }, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {22-29}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Parvizi, P and Hedayati, M}, title = {Leishmania Infections in Rodents, Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Turkemen Sahara}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a tropical diseases caused by Leishmania major, which sandflies are vectors and rodents are reservoirs host. Turkmen Sahara after Isfahan, is the most important endemic disease focus in Iran. Objective: Determination of Leishmaniasis Infections in Rodents, Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leismaniasis in Turkemen Sahara, Gonbad, Golastan Province. Materials and Methods: Rodents were captured by live-capture tarps. Cucumber and sometimes date were used for bating. A part of rodents ears was used to have serousite. Serosite transferred into NNN media, A part of rodents ears was used for sliding and staining for amastigote detection and other part was used for inoculation to susceptible animal (Balb/c) in suspension form and biopsy was used. Results: 40 rodents were captured, 27 were Rhombomis opimus, 12 were Meriones libycus and one was Meriones persicus. Of 40 rodents captured, 5 were positive in routine laboratory methods which 3 positive were M. libycus, one was R. opimus and one was M. persicus. Conclusion: Besides these new findings in R.opimus as well as in M.libycus and M.persicus. These two rodents should be considered as reservoirs of ZCL in region.}, Keywords = {Leishmania, Major}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {30-38}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {KazemiArababadi, M and Pourfathollah, A.A and Hassanshahi, GH.H and Pooladvand, V and Yaghini, N and Shamsyzadeh, A}, title = {Evaluation the Relationship between Alleles of +1188 in Region of IL-12 with Serum Level of Cytokine in Patients with Occult HBV Infection}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a form of hepatitis, which in despite of absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA is present in peripheral blood of patients. Objective: Evaluation the relationship between alleles of +1188 in region of IL-12 with serum level of cytokine in patients with occult HBV infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, the plasma samples of 3700 blood donors were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBc by ELISA. The HBsAg negative ve and anti-HBc positive samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA by PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples assigned as OBI cases and PCR-SSP and ELISA were performed to examine the polymorphisms in region of (+1188 and serum level of IL-12) respectively. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference in CC allele of +1188 region of IL-12 in two groups and no difference in the other evaluated genes. There is not any significant difference in serum level of IL-12 between OBI patients and controls. Our results also showed that there isn’t any significant statistically relation between alleles of +1188 region of IL-12 with serum level of cytokine. Conclusion: According to the results of this study it could be concluded that OBI patients unable to produce enough quantity of IL-12 and it may be related to different IL-12 gene. CC allele was associated with OBI, hence, it seems that +1188 region of IL-12 gene has an important role in expression of IL-12 gene. Evaluation of relation between polymorphisms in +1188 region of IL-12 gene and its expression. In vitro and under mitogene affect can useful because no association was seen between serum level of IL-12 and alleles of this region.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B, IL-12, Polymorphism(Genetics)}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MansourGhanaie, M and Haryalchi, K and Heydarzadeh, A and Asgari, A}, title = {Survey Relationship between the Severity of Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Fetus Sexuality}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Hyperemesis Gravidarum(HG) is the extreme amount of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The incidence of this problem is between 0.3- 2%. HG is multifactorial disorder which fetal sexuality is one of them and some studies indicated the relation between HG and female fetus. Objective: Survey the relationship between the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum and fetus sexuality. Materials and Methods: All medical cases of pregnant women who referred to Alzahra hospital from 1997 to 2007 were considered as a descriptive- analytical study. Known cases of HG were selected (separated) between them. Variables such as fetal sexuality, duration of hospitalization, age, parity, pregnancy trimester, biochemical tests were extracted and analyzed with SPSS 14 and Fisher exact test. Results: Among 197 cases, 150 cases (76.14%) were selected because of their full information 80.2% of women with female fetus, stayed ≥4 days at the hospital. This amount was 33.9% in women with male fetus (p< 0.0001). Ketonuria ≥3+ (P<0.016), Hyponatremia (P<0.035), Hyperuremia (P<0.045) were 16.5 %, 41.8 %, 62.6% in the first group and this amount were 3.4%, 23.7%, and 3.61% in the second group. 84.6% of women with female fetus and 64.4% of women with male fetus hospitalized in their first trimester (p=0.006). HG was sever in 79.1% of women with female fetus and 61% of women with male fetus (p= 0.025). Conclusion: This study showed statistical relationship between fetus Sexuality and severity of HG. The severity of this problem get raised with ketonuria, Hyperuremia, Hypernatermia and hospitalization in the first trimester.}, Keywords = {Fetus, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Nausea, Pregnancy }, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {47-55}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Nikravesh, M.R and Jalali, M and Moin, A.A and Karimfar, M,H and Refighdoost, H and Mohammadi, SH}, title = {The Key Role of Type IV Collagen in Developing Retinal Basement Membrane in Mouse}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Basement membranes are specialized extracellular matrices serve as development, proliferation and substrates for migration. Collagen fibers specially type IV, are the most important part of this area. As retina is one of the target organs in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy are major cause of end stage - renal and retinal diseases and resulting in increased in morbidity and mortality of effected individuals, therefore early diagnosis leads to better treatment. Objective: Investigation the appearance and distribution of collagen IV during gestational days and early postnatal period. Materials and Methods: 24 intact female Balb/c mice were kept under normal nutrition and environment condition. After mating, vaginal plug was assumed as zero day of pregnancy. From (13th-18th) days, gestation pregnant mice were sacrified and their embryos as well as pups from 1st to 5th days were collected. For histochemichal studies, the head of specimens were fixed, histological preparation was done and by using monocolonal antibody against for tracing of collagen type IV were carried out. Results: Our finding revealed that amount of collagen IV in internal limiting membrane (ILM) and extra cellular matrix (ECM) of the retina appearance on embryonic 16th day and increase continuously until end stage of embryonic life. In addition, strong labeling was observed until 3rd day of postnatal period but these reactions did not increase significantly after these periods. Conclusion: These findings indicate that retinal development is dependent on different proteins by special regards specially collagen IV.}, Keywords = {Collagenases, Evolution, Extracellular Matrix, Mice, Retina }, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {56-62}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Alavi, S.M and Moshiri, N and Moosavian, S.M and Yusefi, F and Abbasi, E}, title = {Seroprevalence of Legionella Pneumophila in Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Legionella pneumophila (LP) is a major cause of pneumonia worldwide. In spite of suitable epidemiological conditions and probability of LP existence in the region, the incidence of LP infection has not been determined in Ahvaz. Objective: Determination the seroprevalence of LP in patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Materials and Methods: In this prospective descriptive study, during one year period (2007-2008), 80 admitted patients were selected in Razi Hospital of Jundi Shapoor University of Medical Science in Ahvaz with CAP and was studied the serprevalence of LP among them. Sera were tested for L. pneumophila IgG and IgM by using Elisa kit (Vircell, Spain). Data were analyzed by using SPSS, version 16 statistical package. Results: Among 80 serum samples, 12 cases (15%) were positive for LP- IgG+ IgM. Age, gender and area of residency did not significantly affect the seroprevalence of L P. (P>0.05). The prevalence of L P seropositivity was not significantly affected by co-morbidities except diabetes mellitus (P>0.05). Smoking and receiving antibiotic was observed in 100% seropositive patients. Conclusion: Legionella Pneumophila is a prevalent infectious agent in Ahvaz and should be considered in patients with CAP especially in diabetic and smoker patients.}, Keywords = {Legionella Pneumophila, Pneumonia, Seroprevalence}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {63-69}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Ghayeghran, A.R and BakhshayeshEghbali, B and Heidarzadeh, A}, title = {Survey the Correlation between F Wave Persistence and Level of Consciousness in Stroke Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Level of consciousness is an important factor in management of critically ill patients and predicting outcome. However there is no quantitative, reproducible measure for evaluation of consciousness. F wave persistence can be influenced by level of consciousness according to some studies. Objective: Survey the correlation between F wave persistence and level of consciousness in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 114 patients within 72 hours of stroke onset were divided according to their level of consciousness either with GCS and qualitative method. F wave persistence were obtained in each Tibial nerves. Effects of background variables including side of study, side of hemiparesis, type of stroke, and sex were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS14.o and ANCOVA statistic model. Results: A significant correlation were found between F wave persistence and level of consciousness, either with GCS or qualitative method (P<0.001). These results were independent of the side of study, side of hemiparesis, type of stroke, and sex. Conclusion: F wave persistence can be influenced by level of consciousness. F wave study may be a useful objective and quantitative measure in documenting the severity of consciousness impairment.}, Keywords = {Cerebrovascular Accident, Consciousness, Glasgow Coma Scale}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {70-76}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Zahed, F and Abolghasemi, A and Narimani, M and Salari, A}, title = {The Relationship of Fatigue and Hostility with Health in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Fatigue and hostility can be influence quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Objective: Investigation the relationship of fatigue and hostility with quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 60 coronary heart disease patients which were selected among all coronary artery disease persons who had referred to Heshmat Hospital in Rasht. For gathering data were used. Choreic Fatigue Scale, Hostility Scale and Health survey. Data was analysed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that fatigue (r=-.64) and hostility (r= -.25) are related to quality of life (P<0.05). The results of multiple regression showed that physical fatigue, is the best significant contribute in prediction of quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Conclusion: These results are in keeping with findings from other studies and indicated that the role of fatigue and hostility in quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.}, Keywords = {Coronary Arteriosclerosis, Fatigue, Hostility, Quality of Life }, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Khalili, M and Kiasalari, Z and Rahmati, B and Ekhlasi, M and Azizi, Y and Heydari, H}, title = {The Effect of Aqueous Crocus Sativus L. Extract on Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Male Rat}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer as a prevalent central nervous system disease has no definitive treatment yet. So, regarding to herbal medicine recommendation, an important candidate herb, Crocus sativus L. extract (CSE) was investigated on ICV STZ-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. Objective: The Effect of aqueous crocus sativus L. extract on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits in male rat. Materials and Methods: We use STZ injection as a model for Alzheimer's disease. For this purpose due to an animal stereotaxic surgery, the rats were injected with STZ-icv bilaterally, on 1st and 3rd days (3 mg/kg). The learning and memory performance was assessed using passive avoidance paradigm, and for spatial cognition evaluation, Y maze task was used. Sixty male rats were divided to following groups: 1- Control, 2- Sham (which received only ACSF), 3-Control + CSE, 4-STZ, 5-STZ+CSE. The STZ-injected rats received CSE (30 mg/kg i.p.). These rats were treatment one day before surgery for three weeks and then were subjected to learning and memory tests. In Y maze test the non repetitive percentage of arm entrance were considered as alternation behavior (intelligence quotient). Data in Passive avoidance task was the latent period (s) for passing from light to dark room due to adaptation periods. However, for the passive avoidance test nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used, which if significant, was followed by Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons. Data for the Y maze task were evaluated by Wilcoxon’s rank sum test Results: It was found that CSE-treated STZ-injected rats showed higher correct choices and lower errors in Y maze than vehicle-treated STZ-injected rats. In addition, CSE administration significantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in treated STZ-injected group in passive avoidance test. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the effectiveness of CSE in preventing the cognitive deficits caused by STZ-icv in rats and its potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.}, Keywords = {Crocus, Learning, Memory, Rats, Streptozotocin}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {85-93}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {18}, Number = {72}, pages = {94-102}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {AliAghaeiShafiAbadi, A and SeyyedJaafari, S.S}, title = {Differentiation of Human Placenta-derived Chorionic Stem Cells into Osteoblasts}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from various sources are capable of differentiating into different cell lineages under proper culture condition. Recently, human placenta appeared on the stage in the search for MSCs. Human derived chorionic villi stem cells, are cells with high proliferation and multipotential and will be differentiate other cells. Objective: Differentiation of Human Placenta-derived Chorionic Stem Cells into Osteoblasts. Materials and Methods: Chorionic derived Villi Stem Cells isolated from the human term placenta. Cells collected and cultured at DMEM/F12 medium. Osteogenic differentiation was induced with DMEM/F12 media(10%FBS) with ./1μM dexamethasone and 50μM Ascorbic Acid 3-Phosphate. Mineralized matrix was evaluated by von kossa staining. Results: The chorionic stem cells when plated, exhibited a population of fibroblast –like cells morphologically. This cells in osteogenic media containing Dexamethasone and Ascorbat Phosphate exhibited morphologic changes in cell structure after 7 days in culture. Cells changed from an elongated fibroblastic appearance to a rounded more cuboidal shape.The cells cultured with osteogenic factors were stained positively for mineralized nodular structures, as confirmed by von kossa staining. Secretion of calcified extracellular matrix was observed as black nodules. Secretion of cacified extracellular matrix was not observed in control group containing only chorionic stem cells without osteogenic media. Conclusion: we have reported osteogenic differentiation with using placenta derived chorionic stem cells. The results of these in vitro studies suggested that placenta derived chorionic stem cells one of the possible allogeneic sources for tissue engineering in the bone diseases}, Keywords = {Chorion, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteoblast}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Abedinzadeh, M and Rastegar, K and Zarifkar, A and Rafati, A and Monabati, A and Khakpour, B}, title = {Effect of C-peptide on Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetic Rat}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that associates with structural and functional changes in central and peripheral nervous system and progressive decline in cognitive abilities. Recent experimental and clinical data suggested that C-peptide replacement during type 1 diabetes exerts beneficial effects on diabetic rats. Objective: Determine the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of c-peptide on cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 24 male Sprague dawly rats (230-300 gr) used for this project divided into 3 groups: 1. control group, 2. type 1 diabetic group and 3. Diabetic group that receive C-peptide (25 nmol/kg/daily for 28 day/IP). Diabetes induced with IV injection of Streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Twenty one days after onset of diabet, behavioral tests conducted for seven days. Results: In reference memory assessment, the latency of finding platform during four days decline significantly in all groups (P<0.05). Mean escape time in diabetic group was significantly longer in comparison to other groups (P<0.05) but in comparison to diabetic group with C-peptide group, memory impairement decline significantly (P< 0.05). During three days of working memory test, the latency required for finding platform decreased significantly (P<0.05) but this time was longer in diabetic group (P<0.05). C-peptide could improve memory in diabetic group. Conclusion: C-peptide had significant role in control and inhibition of memory disorder progression.}, Keywords = {C-peptide, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus- Type 1 }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {7-12}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Aghajanzadeh, M and Rahimi, A and Partovian, M and Golalizadeh, D and Moghaddamnia, M.R}, title = {The Survival of Patients with Esophageal Cancer after Chemoradiation versus Surgery and Chemoradiation}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Although significant advantages has been made in treatment of esophageal cancer, but this malignant tumor present as locally advanced disease with poor prognosis. Objective: Comparison of effect of Chemoradiation(CRT) with Surgery and Chemoradiation (CRTS) in Esophageal Cancer outcome. Materials and Methods: An analytical-descriptive study was done on 71 patients respectively from 2004 to 2006. Adequate data was achieved positive results of biopsy through the time of last visit or death. The patients divided to two groups, first, chemoradiation (CRT) group and second, postoperative chemoradiation (CRT-S) group. The results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank tests. Results: From 71 patients, 42(60%) patients were male and 29(40%) were female. The median age was 66±10 years. 48(68%) patients were treated with CRT treatment and 23(32%) patients had CRT-S treatment. The patients with <65 years old (14 months) had better survival from >65 years old (11 months). Survival in female and male was 13 and 11 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between the overall survival of CRT group (11.5 months) and CRT-S group (13 months) (p>0.05). The median time of survival was 12 months. Conclusion: Despite many reports that shows CRT-S have better outcome than CRT alone, but in our report there was no significant difference between two groups. We conclude that esophageal surgeon must be familiarly with CRT which is a useful protocol for treatment of esophageal carcinoma.}, Keywords = {Esophageal Neoplasms, Esophagectomy, Prognosis, Radiotherapy }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {13-18}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Modabernia, M.J and ShodjaeiTehrani, H and Heydarinezhad, S}, title = {Survey the Frequency of Depression in the Last Third Months of Pregnancy}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Women are vulnerable to mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. According to the current epidemiologic studies, prevalence of prenatal depression varies widely. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of depression during the third trimester of pregnancy in women who referred to alzahra hospital in rasht-winter 2007. Materials and Methods: We studied 415 randomly-selected individuals out of 900 obstetrical women in their third trimester of pregnancy, at the prenatal clinic of Alzahra hospital in Winter2007.A Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a pre-determined form containing some demographic variables were applied to measure the variables of this study. Results: 15 subjects (due to incomplete responses) were excluded from our study. Among 400 obstetrical women participated in this study, 100 women (25%) were suffered from different degrees of depression. There were significant statistical differences between depression and education (p=0.018), occupation (p=0.039) and gravidity (p=0.033). There were no significant statistical differences between depression and socioeconomic level and age of participants. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of depression was similar to some of the other studies, also our findings about the association of depression and education, occupation and gravidity were similar to the other studies but our findings about the association of depression and socioeconomic level and age of the participants were different from the other studies. Use of structural psychiatric interview and analytical methods for determination of the prevalence of prenatal depressive disorder and its relationship with studied variables were recommended.}, Keywords = {Depression, Pregnancy Trimester- Third, Psychological Tests }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mirblouk, F and Sharami, S.H and Faraji, R}, title = {Association of Some Working Factors and Menstrual Function among Nurses}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: A regular menstrual cycle is the result of regular feedback systems, involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries. Some factors including age, smoking, weight, exercise, race, psychotic condition, work-time hours, work stress, life satisfaction, menarche age, education, marital status and diet may affect menstrua1 function. Objective: Association of menstrual function with working factors among nurses. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-section survey among nurses of Poursina, Razi, Heshmat Hospitals. 330 questionnaires were given them. It was include of menstrual function (such as: menstrual cycle length, bleeding days, regularity of menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea) and some working factors (such as: work hours, shift work, working place). Questionnaires were collected in two consequentive months, and then the data were analyzed by SPSS 14 ANNOVA and Chi-square test. Results: 307 questionnaires filled, 259 nurses had dysmenorrheal (86.04%), 51 abnormal bleeding days (17%).59abnormal cycle length (19.6%) and 60 irregular cycle (19.9%) in our study work –time hours was associated with dysmenorrhea (p=0.004), working place and shift work with bleeding day (p=0.001), and other factors were not associated. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea and bleeding days were influenced by some factors such as work hours, work place and shift work.}, Keywords = {Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation Disturbances, Nurses }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Farmanbar, R and Niknami, SH and Haidarnia, A and Hajizadeh, E}, title = {Prediction of Exercise Behavior among College Students Based on Transtheoretical Model and Self-determination Theory Using Path Analysis}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Despite of many benefits of exercise behavior and active lifestyle, lack of physical activity is a health problem in the community. A key issue in exercise behavior research is identifying psychological variables influencing exercise behavior based on health education models. In light of the complex and dynamic nature of physical activity behavior change, it seems unlikely that a single theoretical approach can truly capture its. In our country, especially among college students, this kind of research has been seriously neglected as a research topic. Objective: Prediction of psychological constructs influence on exercise behavior among college students based on transtheoretical model and self-determination theory using path analysis. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study in which 418 first year students of Guilan University of medical sciences completed the valid transtheoretical model, self-determination theory and exercise behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.80 using correlation tests and path analysis. Results: All constructs of transtheoretical model and self-determination theory (except external regulation) have significant relationship with exercise behavior. Processes of change (behavioral strategy), self-efficacy in exercise were 0.49 and 0.20 had path coefficient respectively with stage of change as a mediator .Autonomy and processes of change were 0.28 and 0.26 had path coefficient respectively with relative autonomy index. Stage of change as a mediator accounted for 61% of the variance and relative automy index accounted for 48% of the variance in current exercise behavior. The model accounted for 60% of the variance in current exercise behavior. Conclusion: Our findings support the application of combine transtheoretical model with self-determination theory in exercise behavior changes in students.}, Keywords = { Exercise, Models- Psychologica, Students }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {35-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Soltani, B and Babaie, P}, title = {Effect of Age and Gender on Hypreralgesia Induced by Social Conflict Stress in Rats}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Stress can disturb the physiological homeostasis and the ability to cope with such stressful insults is crucial determinant factor in people health. Today with advances in technology social stresses are increasing. Pain threshold as one of the important physiological systems is affected by stress. Stress induced analgesia is well documented, however, in some situations stress causes hyperalgesia. Type of stress, duration and intensity of stress are major factor in determining hyperalgesia or analgesia. Present study was design to investigate the role of sex and age on pain threshold changes after social conflict stress in rats. Objective: Survey the Effect of Age and Gender on Hypreralgesia Induced by Social Conflict Stress in Rats Materials and Methods: In this study 60 wistar rats including young (3 months) and old (28 months) were selected for studding the role of stress on pain threshold. Ten young rats were overectomized and 10 rats went under sham operation .Pain latencies were measured using Tail-Flick apparatus before and after stress. The time lapsed that rats moved their tail from photo cells was recorded as tail-flick latencies. Stress was induced by making 4 holes on each side of rats cage and fixing rats tail to the outside of the cage after passing and fixing their tail through the holes. Rats were stressed for ten days, each time for 2 hours. Results: Before stress there was no difference in pain latencies among male and female rats (p0.05). On the other hand old rats showed higher pain latencies than young rats (p0.001). Overectomized rats showed significant reduction in pain latencies compared to sham operated group (p0.05). After stress in all groups old, young, female and overectomized tail flick latency significantly decreased (p0.05 and p0.01). Reaction to stress in both sexes was comparable, while reduction in tail flick latency was more in overectomized rats compared to sham operated group (p0.01). Old rats showed more reduction in tail flick latency compared to young rats. (p0.01) Conclusion: Social conflict stress cause hyperalgesia in rats. It seems old rats and overectomized are sensitive to social conflict stress and showed more hyperalgesia.}, Keywords = {: Age Factors, Hyperalgesia, Pain Threshold, Rat, Sex, Stress}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Rezapour, A and Asefzadeh, S}, title = {Study Economic Efficiency of Teaching Hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (1999-2007)}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Hospitals as important sectors of health care system has special location in Health economic science. Increasing of the operational costs in hospital and limitation in financing cause that hospital as an economic firm use economic analysis and prepare effective using of resource and boost productivity. Objective: To analyze economic efficiency and resource allocation situation of teaching hospitals of Qazvin university of medical sciences (1999-2007). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2008. Need data (human and capital resource information) was collected from data center of research deputy of university and teaching hospitals and registered at information sheets and then was analyzed by DEAP2 software and data evolvement analyze method. Results: Average technical, pure and scale efficiency of centers during the period of study was appointed respectively 0.90, 0.96 and 0.93. 50 percent of centers were efficient for using of resource [Total Technical Efficiency (TTE)= 1]. Another 50 percent of centers had no efficient situation (TTE = 1). Efficiency rate of studied centers was variable during the time of study and had not uniform trend. Human and capital resources were made 67 and 33 percent of total operational cast of centers respectively. The average of annual cost estimated per labor 30.1 ×106 and for capital resource 19.9 × 106 Rails. Conclusion: Labor and capital resources have more costs for hospital industry, therefore policy and decision makers must determine need for resource by using economic analysis and correct planning methods and then employ them, appoint optimal capacity for centers to service delivery, enhance positive efficiency indexes and distinguish the ways that is more effective in boosting of resource performance.}, Keywords = {Economics’ Hospital, Hospital Public}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {55-63}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Navid, S and Abolghasemi, A and Narimani, M}, title = {The Relationship of Emotional Responses and Positive and Negative Symptoms with Quality of Life in Schizophrenic Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that were emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms role of playing in prognosis in schizophrenia. The studies results showed that emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms are important factors that impact quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Objective: Determination the relationship of emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms with quality of life in schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive correlation study. The Sample consisted of 100 patients with of schizophrenia who were selected among who were referred to Psychaitric Centers of Tehran. Collected with the Emotional Responses Scale, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and Quality of Life Scale were use. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of pearson correlation coefficients showed that positive emotional responses(r=0.029), positive symptoms (r=-0/048) and negative symptoms (r=-0.042) and related to are quality of life in schizophrenia patients (P <0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that negative symptoms, had significant contribute in prediction of quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: The results are in keeping with findings from other studies, the results indicated that role of positive emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms in quality of life of schizophrenia patients.}, Keywords = {Emotions, Quality of Life, Schizophrenia}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {64-71}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Taghiloo, S}, title = {The Effect of the Holy Quran Reading Instruction on Stress Reduction in the Young and Adolescents}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Although stress will cause dynamic and stimulus in life, special amount of stress is beneficial for human being, but too much of it may case physical and psychological illness. Objective: Study the effect of Quran reading instruction on stress reduction in the form of comparison of experimental and control groups and determine the role of gender and group factors on global scores of stress Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and after cluster sampling, 170 person of 16- 26 year old which consisted of 87 Quran instruction classes attendants and 83 of control group, were tested with SSI questionnaire, before and after instruction. Results: There was significant difference between two groups in the four subscales of stress(Wilks’ Lambda = 0/992, F(4,163) = 3/47, P<0/01,2 = 0/078), there was not meaningful difference between men and women in the four subscales of stress (Wilks’ Lambda = 0/991, F(4,163) = 0/380, P<0/823,2 = 0/009) there was not significant interaction between membership in group and gender (F(1,166) = 0/318, P<0/574,2 = 0/002). Conclusion: In comparison with control group, in experimental group Quran instruction has reduced stress in significant level. There was not significant difference between men and women in the four subscales of stress. There was not significant interaction between membership in group and gender.}, Keywords = {Adolescence, Quran, Religion, Stress}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {72-81}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Moosavi, S and Mirzaei, M and RezaSoltani, P}, title = {The Effects of Acupressure on Anxiety Nursing, Midwifery and Operating Room Students}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Anxiety is a type of worry and fear can effects learning, decision making and performance of medical sciences and clinical decision making. Based on literature review, acupressure non medical method for decrease of anxiety is an appropriate method to reduce anxiety. Objective: Determine the effects of acupressure on anxiety nursing, midwifery and operating room students in the beginning of clinical training. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial study, 66 students of nursing, midwifery and operating room that were in the parts of neonatal, delivery and operating room in the beginning of training course were selected. They were divided to P6 and Thumbs groups. The questionnaire included two parts: 1)demographic data(sex & age), 2)Silberberg state trait anxiety scale completed before and after applying pressure in each group. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Stata software used for study power analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation was 21/26+1/80 for age and 93/9%of samples were female. Also P6 and thumb group were equal in age and sex. There were not any significant difference between state and trait anxiety before intervention in all of the students and two groups were equal. In addition after acupressure we found increased mean of state and trait anxiety in nurse and operative room students than before acupressure, but it decreased in midwifery students that this was not significant statistically. Conclusion: It seems that ineffectiveness of acupressure on nurse, midwifery neonatal and operative room parts, causes of client`s referral and their condition sensitivity.}, Keywords = {Acupressure, Anxiety, Student}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {82-89}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Derakhshan, R and Bakhshi, H}, title = {The Comparison Study of Magnesium Serum between Diabetic and Non Diabetic Children}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common metabolic disease in children. This is an insulin deficiency disease which causes changes in some body ions such as serum Mg. Objective: Determine the Serum Magnesium Level(SML) in diabetic children and compare it with non diabetic children and determination relation betweens(SML) with HbA1C, BMI, familial history and duration of diabetes. Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study which was done on 50 type 1 diabetic children who came to diabetic clinic of Rafsanjan and 50 healthy children (without diabetes, malnutrition and diarrhea ) as control group. Results: The results of this study showed that 68% of cases and 78% of control group had SLM more then 2mg/dl and none of them had serum SML than 1.3 mg/dl. But SML in diabetic children was lower than normal group. The SML in diabetic children who had poor control of their diabetes was lower than those who were in good control. There wasn't any significant difference between diabetes duration and SML. Conclusion: Results showed that SML in diabetic children was lower than normal group, but in both group it was in normal range. In this study, SML was in lowest limit normal in diabetic children. Since magnesium is an important intercellular ion, so the intercellular assessment is necessary.}, Keywords = {Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Magnesium}, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {90-94}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Vashtani, S.H and Nazem, F and Bordar, F}, title = {The Effect Of Aerobic Rehabilitation Program on Concentration of Ferritin, Iron, TIBC and Cardiovascular Operation in The Young Patients Suffering from Major Thalassemia}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Thalassemia is a type of genetic disease that is classified in the group of heritable anemia. Due to anemia hemoglobin level decreases and blood transfusion is used to composed that finally results in excessive iron content. In order to eliminate the excessive iron, Desfral is prescribed. The excessive iron creates undesirable complications on liver, heart and endocrine glands tissues. The most important complication in the patients suffering from thalassemia is restrictive cardiomyopathy and rhythm disorders and cardiac blockage insufficiency. Objective: Determination of the effect of aerobic rehabilitation program on density of Ferritin, Iron, TIBC and cardiovascular operation in the young adult patients with major thalassemia. Materials and Methods: This research performed in semi experimental method on 15 patients 10 to 16 years old suffering from thalassemia with history of 9 to 15 years were studied in a 50- individual population. Research process for these patients was performed in three sections of pretest, during test and posttest. Research data were analyzed with correlation method and X2 test. Results: Average blood ferritin after first sport test and an eight-week aerobic program was decreased considerably as compared with rest (P<0.05) and blood iron after sport test and after aerobic practices as compared with rest time showed significant decreased (P<0.05). In heart beat frequency domain in the duration of rest after aerobic practices, progressive decrease was observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effective aerobic rehabilitation program in patients with major thalasemia should be managed based on medical examination and balk sport test. Despite of the creasing aeron and ferritin load, it can cause a freshness mentality during blood transfusion and desferal administration physical practices in the safe physiologic domain, the harmful effect of excessive iron on heart decreases and therefore their cardiovascular operation improves.}, Keywords = {Adolescence, Beta- Thalassemia, Ferritin, Heart, Iron, Rehabilitation }, volume = {18}, Number = {71}, pages = {95-102}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {KazemiArababadi, M and Pourfathollah, A.A and Jafarzadeh, A and Hassanshahi, GH.H and Daneshmandi, S and RezazadehZarandi, E and Shamsizadeh, A and Moghadam, SH}, title = {Evaluation of Relation between Polymorphisms in -590 Region of IL-4 and Occult HBV Infection}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Occult Hepatitis B Infection (OBI) is a form of hepatitis in which despite of absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA is presented in patients peripheral blood. Responsible mechanisms of progression of OBI are unknown yet, but some investigators believed that the genetic and immunological parameters may be different. Cytokine network system could be leading alteration in viral immune response. IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokines causes decreased immune function. Thus, regulatory factors which influences expression and function of IL-4 can be effective on immune system functions. As polymorphic variation in cytokine genes has regulatory effects on their expression and functions, this study investigates the association of -590 region polymorphisms of IL-4 with OBI. Objective: Determination of association between IL-4 polymorphisms with OBI. Materials and Methods: In this study, the plasma samples (FFP) of 3700 blood donors were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by ELISA. The HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA by PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples assigned as OBI cases while HBV-DNA negative samples were used as control and PCR-RFLP was performed to examine the presence of polymorphisms in -590 regions of IL-4 genes of patients with OBI. Results: 352 (9.51%) Out of 3700 blood samples were negative for HBsAg and positive for anti-HBc antibody. HBV-DNA was detected in 57(16.1%) of HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples. Our results showed that none of the alleles had significant difference between patients and control group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there is no significant difference between patients with OBI and control cases. Therefore, it seems that there is not any relation between these alleles and OBI and more study should be done on polymorphisms in other to cytokine genes in patients with OBI.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B, Interleukin- 4, Polymorphism}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {KhosraviKabir, Z and Mousavi, S.V and AghaYousefi, A.R}, title = {Comparison of Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health in Addicted and Normal Individuals}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Abuse of drug is a chronic phenomenon which brings about a plenty of physical, mental, social, family, and economic harm in a way that the addicted person’s individual and social functions are severely reduced. Objective: Comparison of emotional intelligence and mental health in addicted and normal individuals. Materials and Methods: Samples consisted of 80 addicted and 80 normal individuals. Sample group were selected by accessible sampling from governmental and non governmental rehabilitation and remedial centers from Rashat. Both groups matched according to age, marital status, number of family members, educational level and economic condition. Then participants answered to the Petridis and Furnhum’s (2002) emotional intelligence questionnaire and 28 Item Gold berg’s (1979) general health questionnaire (GHQ28). Data were analyzed through statistic analysis. Result: Data analysis shows significant relation between emotional intelligence and mental health in two groups. The addicted person had low or levels of emotional intelligence and mental health than the normal individuals. Furthermore, person coefficient correlation showed relation between emotional intelligence and mental health of the addicted and normal individuals which were (0.403 and -0.445) respectively. Conclusion: The addicted person had lower level of emotional intelligence and mental health than normal individuals. There was significant relation between emotional intelligence mental health in addicted and normal individuals (P<0.05).}, Keywords = {Emotions, Intelligence, Mental Health, Substance- Related Disorders}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {MohammadBeygi, A and MohammadSalehy, N and Bayati, A}, title = {The Pattern of Exclusive Breast Feeding in Referred Neonatal to Health Centers of Arak}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Access to exclusive Breast feeding up to 75% is one of the objectives to healthy people until 2010, Breast feeding advised as the best milk for suckling neonatal and there were expanded documents about protective effects of Breast feeding against different diseases. Objective: Determination of pattern of exclusive breast feeding and its associated factors in Arak. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross sectional study conducted on 352 mothers that have 6-12 month suckling neonatal. Data collection fulfilled by structured questionnaire and interview. The prevalence of exclusive Breast feeding calculated and association between dependent and independent variables analyzed by t-test, chi square and regression statistical tests in univariate and multivariate methods. Results: Prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 41.5%. nonuse and the most important factors of exclusive breast feeding indicated of solution of sugar and water, and mammalia nipple nonuse, breastfed base of neonatal appeal, wanted pregnancy, vaginal labor and multi parity identified as the related factors in exclusive breast feeding (P0.05). Conclusion: So initiation of Breast feeding after labor and of mothers with unwanted pregnancy and cesarean delivery advice. Also educational programs about disadvantage of solution of sugar and water and Mammalia nipple in pregnancy period and after discharge may be useful in exclusive breast feeding.}, Keywords = {Breast feeding, Infant}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mobini, B and Ameri, B and Behtash, H and OmidiKashani, F and Nabizadeh, N}, title = {Study the Results of Less Invasive Decompressive Surgery in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Spinal stenosis of the lumbar area is the most common problem of this area in older patients and surgery is needed in refractory cases. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the surgical outcome of the less invasive decompressive surgery in the patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, we reviewed 50 cases with lumbar spinal stenosis that carried out this type of surgery and followed regularly. For assessing the results, we used anatomical economical functional rating system of Prolo, visual analogue scale and White and Panjabi instability criteria. Results: The patients were followed-up for a mean of 3.5 years (2 to 8) after surgery. Good or excellent results were obtained in 82% of the patients. A significant reduction of the low back pain intensity and disability was seen. Claudication and radicular pain was disappeared in 100% and 94% of them, respectively. Conclusion: Less invasive decompressive surgery by limited laminotomy, undercutting of the facet joints and not doing extensive laminectomy is a safe and reliable surgery for the treatment of the refractory patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.}, Keywords = {Outcome Assessment, Spinal Diseases, Spinal Stenosis}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {26-31}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Gerami, H and Banan, R and ForghanParast, K and Dadgari, SH and Sarmast, H and Banan, R and GeramiSeresht, M}, title = {Normal Olfaction Range of Rasht Residents with a New Test Designed for the Region}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: An important part of one's information from surrounding environment comes through olfactory system. So its disorders regardless of the reason can lead to a lot of problems. An appropriate diagnostic smell test is needed for determination to the normal range of olfactory sense, and evaluation of patient's complain of hyposmia or anosmia and determination the severity of the problem. It is helpful for follow up and choosing the most effective surgical or medical treatment too. Unfortunately Current used tested for diagnose of factory system disorders are not modified for Iranian population and are difficult to run and interpret. Objective: Development of a standard smell test for Iranians and determination of the normal range of olfactory sense in this region. Materials and Methods: In order to find popular odorous items in the region, 56 well known materials were presented to two hundred, 15-60 years old, normal relatives of patients who came to university based Amir-Al-Momenin hospital. Then 16 materials with the highest scores were selected (based on this consensus) as the test materials. These were: petrol, alcohol, tea, rice, soap, cinnamon, origan, and garlic, onion, washing powder, mint, rose water, lemon juice, olive oil, Vinegar and Vix. Then, these 16 selected materials were presented to 150 people of study group (77 women, 73 men). All materials were presented in identical containers. Participants were requested to smell material at 2 centimeter distance for 3 seconds, without being able to see the material. Then they would choose an answer in a multiple choice questionnaire. Each nostril was tested separately, therefore the total score for two nostril and 16 materials was 32 for each person. Results: Considering 97 percentile, the normal range of olfactory score for 15-60 years old residents of Rasht was 28 – 32. Conclusion: This study is helpful to evaluate the patients who complain of hyposmia or anosmia and could be use for future studies.}, Keywords = {Anosmia, Olfactory Disorders, Smell}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {32-37}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survey of Relation of Maternal Age, Job, Smoking and Use of Folic Acid and other Drugs with Neural Tube Defects}, abstract ={Abstract: Introduction: Neural Tube Defects(N.T.Ds) are the most common anomalies of the central nervous system which cause due to the defect of the closing of neural tube during the third and forth week of intra uterine life. It is estimated that 300/000 children born with these anomalies each year. Recent studies show the role of both environmental and genetic factors in the occurrence of N.T.Ds. Objective: Evaluation of relation between maternal age, job, smoking, use of folic acid and other drugs during pregnancy and N.T.Ds. Materials and methods: In a case-control and retrospective study, we studied the data from 51 N.T.Ds infant and the same number of normal babies. Chi- square test was used for statistical analysis and P< 0.05 was significant. Results: There was significant relation between maternal smoking, agricultural and animal husbandry job and not use of folic acid with occurrence of N.T.Ds. Conclusion: neural Tube Defects can cause by smoking of mother, her agricultural and animal husbandry activities and not using of folic acid tablet during pregnancy. Most of these children were born from mothers less than 35 years old.}, Keywords = {Maternal Age, Neural Tube Defects, Smoking }, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {38-43}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Aghajanzadeh, M and Sadeghi, SH and Joafshani, M.A and Jafari, M and EsmailiDelshad, M.S}, title = {Clinical Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Outcomes of Patients with Complicated Lung Hydatid Cysts}, abstract ={Abstract: Introduction: Hydatid cysts caused by the Echinococcus Granulosus and Multilocularis. Liver and them lungs are the most common sites of lodgment of it. Because the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and outcome of treatment are not well discussed, we want to discussion this problem. Objective: Survey of the clinical signs, symptoms, diagnosis and outcomes of patients with complicated lung hydatid cysts. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined 54 records of patients with ruptured lung hydatid cyst in 152 patients who were hospitalized in Rasht hospitals, since 1993 to 2005, and were surgically treated. Data collection tools were a predetermined review form and findings are presented in relative frequencies tables. Results: 54 cases 38(70.3%) were male. Age rang of patients was 4-63 years. Chief complaints of the patients were cough in 47 cases (87%), dyspnea in 42(77.8%), sputum in 37(68.5%), chest pain in 31(57.5%), and hemoptysis in 13(24%). Most common lodgment of cysts in the lungs was right lower lobe in 38(57.5%). Ruptures occurred in tracheobronchial tree in 39(73%), and in pleural space in 10(23%). Complication after surgery occurred in 15 patients. Three patients (5.5%) were needed reoperation for treatment: bronchopleural fistula treatment in two cases and bilio-pleural fistula in one case. After surgical treatment, 53 patients (98.1%) were completely cured recurrence occurred in one patient (1.9%) who treated with Albendazol. There was no hospital mortality. Conclusion: In endemic area all cystic lesions of lung must be ruled out for hydatid cysts because some patients with lung hydatid cysts present complications: the cause of complication are, lately referring to physician and delay in diagnosis..Early treatment with medical and surgical approach recommended.}, Keywords = {Echinococcosis, Echinococcosis Multilocolaris, Echinococcosis- Pulmonary}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {44-49}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {HajiPour, L and Ziyaie, S and PourEsmail, Z and KazemNezhad, A}, title = {Influence of Acupuncture on Duration of Labor}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Due to importance of duration of labor, this study investigates the effects of acupuncture on duration of labor. Prolonged labor causes of maternal and neonatal complications, prenatal mortality & high CS. By inserting specific needles into particular spots of the body, acupuncture cases reduction duration of labor. By instigating Oxytocine, labor duration is shorter. Objective: Evaluation of influence of acupuncture on duration of labor. Materials and Methods: The present study was accomplished on 60 pregnant women who had referred to some of Tehran hospitals for their childbirth. First of all, the qualified pregnant women were entered into the study by the answers that had given to questionnaire No.1. Then these 60 women were divided into two groups of 30, a true acupuncture (group A) a false acupuncture group (group B). In the group A, 12 spots acupuncture in the active phase of labor were used and in the group B, 6 hypothetical spots were used to reduce duration. Results: The mean time of first phase of delivery in group A was 169.6 minutes and in group B was 165.3 minutes indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups(p= 0.297). The mean time of second phase of delivery in group A was 33 minutes and in group B was 31.67 minutes which indication no significant difference between the two groups too(p= 0.167). On the other hand, as for the rate of oxytocine reception during the delivery time, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, that is, 15 women out of the group A and 23 women out of group B had used oxytocine (p= 0.03). Conclusion: The results of research indicate that acupuncture does not influence on delivery and neonatal. Acupuncture has no influence on labor duration in both group A and group B. It reduces need to Oxytocine in labor.}, Keywords = {Acupuncture, Labor}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {50-56}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-252-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Effect of Different Doses of Water Green Tea Extract on the Development of Open Wounds in Mice}, abstract ={Abstract: Introduction: This research has been done with awareness of positive effects of green tea, and because of the importance of treatment of opened skin wound. Objective: The effect of different doses of water green tea extract on the development of open wounds in mice. Materials and Methods: There were 32 male mice in 4 different groups. First group was control and the others were experimental. Different dose of watery such as 50, 150 and 300 were injected them. After anaesthetizing the mice, Skin wound is created on the back of the Mice by a 6mm punch. While the Mice in control group were treated by serum physiology, around the wound of the back of other Mice watery of green tea were injected. The researchers measured the dimension and also the recovery percent of the wound in the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th days of study. Furthermore they evaluated the duration of recovery. Some histology studies have been done. On 2 Specimen of wound in 3rd/ 7th / 15th days for study. In this way fibroblasts macrophages, Neutrophils and endothelial cell of blood vessels from the wounds were accounted. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance method. Results: Evaluation of recovery processes showed there were no significant differences between groups on 4th day of study. The degree of recovery on 7th day for observer group was (19.2 10.2) for 2nd group were (38.8 17.9), for 3rd groups were (48.3 17.7), for 4th were (60 17.8) ( ). The degree of recovery on 15th day of study for observer group was (25 8.2) / for 2nd group were (47.8 17.5) 3rd group (66.5 18.1) and for 4th group were (76.5 18.4) ( ). The degree of fibroblasts in different groups are alternatively as follow in the 1st group (observer) (106 13.8,185.8 12.1, 90 10.5), 2nd group (89.1 20.2, 152 15.5, 101.6 13.5), 3rd group (97.1 22.5, 162.9 16.8. 110.2 10.4) and 4th group (100.2 21.2, 174.9 14.5, 121.5 11.5) . Conclusion: according to the findings, watery of green tea extract speed up the wound healing. We recommend more researches in the field of content enrichment, different methods of use and the effect of them. Examine the water and alcohol of green tea extract on different animals (chronic wounds and burnt) and finally on sick persons.}, Keywords = {Cell Count, Green Tea, Histology, Mice, Wound Healing }, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-253-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Karimi, M and Ghofranipor, F and Heidarnia, A}, title = {The Effect of Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Preventive Actions of AIDS on Addict in Zarandieh}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Based on World Health Organization (WHO) studies health education is the best possible way for HIV prevention. To Fulfit the matter high risk population is the priority. Injecting drug user is heavily affected and accounts for near 66% of all cases. Objective: This study goal is to affect of health education program based on HBM model on the AIDS preventive behaviors of addict in zarandieh. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental before and after study, on 48 male addicted Tavoloddobareh association of Zarandieh selected as research units. Data collection tool was a questionnaire design based on Health Belief Model (HBM), knowledge and behavior. The training content was designed, edited, and executed after the analysis of the results of the first test. Two months after the intervention, the secondary test was performed using the same questionnaire. Function collected data was analyzed statically tests like t-test, chi-square. Results: 42% of addicted had good knowledge, 31% of them, had risky sexual and 45% had drugs injection. There were significant different, better mean scores of all parts before and after educational intervention. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated, designed health education program, on the basic of HBM was effective in AIDS preventive behaviors: this research suggest intervention study by using other methods a model for behaviors change.}, Keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Health Education, Substance- Related Disorder}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {64-73}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mirfazeli, A and BeygameMirbehbahani, N and Rabiee, M.R and KazemiNezhad, V and Shahabi, M}, title = {Effect of Early Prophylactic Iron in the Prophylaxis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Term Infants}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia in children and one of the health threatening problems in all of the world. The high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and its effects on the growth retardation suggests more prophylactic methods. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of early iron supplementation on incidence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in term infants. Materials and Methods: This semi experimental study was done on 4-months-old term breast-fed infants referred to the primary health care services for vaccination, without any underline disease or growth retardation or history of hospitalization. 60 infants selected and were divided randomly to two groups (n=30 in each) and a questionnaire was completed for each case. Two groups were matched for gender (2(1)=1.714 P-value=0.19). Iron drop (2mg/kg) prescript for was given in the interventional group. Iron deficiency anemia was assessed in all 6-months-old infants. T-student test and chi-square were used to analyze the independent variables and comparing the hematologic indices. Relative risk index (RR) was used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 0/05 were considered as Significant. Results: The relative risk of iron deficiency anemia in the interventional group was 0.34 [RR=0.333, CI %95 for RR= (0.179, 0.620)]. Significant difference was seen between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of earlier iron supplementation for prophylaxis of iron deficiency anemia in term infants we suggest it in all cases.}, Keywords = {Anemia- Iron Deficiency, Infant}, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {74-79}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Sobhani, A.R and Tabari, R and Tayefeh, N}, title = {The Article Publication Status among Faculty Members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Bibliometrics as a method of annual evaluation of research performance in Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences involves determination of scientific activities of faculty members. A wide range of scientific performances are evaluated in this way and determination of number of publications is an important indicator of this evaluation. Objective: Determination of number of article published by Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) faculty members Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive design based on biblometrics methods, four eminent scientific databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranmedex, Web of Knowledge (WOK) and Scopus has been searched and the number of articles published by GUMS faculty members has been determined. Results: Data obtained in this research indicates the number of Persian and Latin articles published by GUMS faculty members shows a rapid increase in recent five years as the number of Latin articles increased from 9 in 2003 to 41 in 2008. Of 879 articles published by GUMS members in this period, the medical faculty members contributed the highest percentage (77.47%), with Internal group as rank one with 69 articles. Conclusion: The current trend of article publication by GUMS members is favorably increasing, although this tendency has no equality in all faculties. Conducting more researches to discover the potential causes of this situation and providing sophisticated resolutions seems be necessary.}, Keywords = {Databases, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Writing }, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {80-86}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Lebadi, M.K and PourBahador, R and Amini, N and Naghshbandi, M}, title = {Report of Renal Artery Duplication Complicated by Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis}, abstract ={Abstract Renal artery stenosis now is one of the well recognized causes of Ischemic nephropathy and arterial Hypertension. It is one of the most challenging fields in medicine. Like other vascular anomalies, renal artery stenosis does not always have clinical outcomes. Renal artery stenosis can be seen with accompanying of other vascular abnormalities like arterial duplication, but stenosis of all supplying arteries together is rare. Case Reportation: Patient is a 65 years old man, known case of poor control hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency and CVA, presented with diarrhea, repeated vomiting and deterioration of renal function. After clinical evaluation, patient underwent renal angiography and with bilateral duplication and renal arteries stenosis in all four arteries, and then angioplasty was per formed. Renal function returned to normal and blood pressure controlled.}, Keywords = {Hypertension, Re nal Artery Obstraction }, volume = {18}, Number = {70}, pages = {87-92}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {SaeediSaedi., H and TavakoliTabasi, K and MohammadianRoshan, N and Shakeri, M.T}, title = {Study of Her2/neu Protein over Expression Frequency and Its Relationship with Grade, Stage in Patients with Non Metatstatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Disease Free Survival}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: HER2 over-expression has been identified in a variety of malignant tumors including bladder transitional carcinoma. In some researches HER2 was detected in 10%-50% of muscle invasive bladder cancers. In this study we evaluated the correlation between HER2 over-expression and pathological characteristics as well as its impact on the disease free survival (DFS) of patients with non-metastatic bladder transitional carcinoma. Objective: Study of Her2/neu Protein over Expression Frequency and Its Relationship with Grade, Stage in Patients with Non Metatstatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Disease Free Survival Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, paraffin-embedded specimens from 50 patients with non-metastatic bladder transitional cell carcinoma, referred to Omid hospital from 2003 to 2007, were examined immunohistochemically for HER-2/neu over-expression. The specimens were also reviewed for tumor grade. The patients with superficial tumors underwent TURBT and a full course of intravesical BCG therapy and cases with muscle invasive tumor received cisplatin based chemoradiation. Results: There were 27 (54%) high grade and 23 low grade tumors. The specimens stained for HER-2 over-expression as follow: 11 as Zero, 11 as 1+, 13 as 2+ and 15 as 3+. The T stages of Tis, T1, T2 and T3 were detected in 14, 19, 10, and 7 cases respectively. The frequency of strong positive HER-2 tumors (3+) was significantly higher among patients with muscle invasive tumors compared to those with superficial lesions (58.8% vs. 15.2%, p<0.001). There was also a relatively significant association between strong positive HER-2 expression and high grade tumors (43.5% vs. 18.5% p= 0.055). The Median follow up time was 14 months (range, 4-52 months) during which 17 cases (34%) experienced recurrence (12 local, 3 bones & 2 lungs). For all patients 3-year DFS was 62.7% ± 7.4% which was significantly better for cases with superficial tumors than patients with muscle invasive tumors (78.1% vs. 19.5%, p=0.005). In patients with strong positive HER-2 expression tumors, DFS was significantly lower compared to the other cases (3-year DFS: 19.4% vs. 80%, p<0.001). No significant difference in DFS was found between high grade and low grade tumors (3-DFS: 53.9% vs. 70%, p=0.20). Conclusion: In This study, strong HER-2 over-expression (3+) was significantly associated with higher T stages as well as high grade tumors. In addition to T stage, strong HER-2 over-expression was a significant predictor of lower disease free survival.}, Keywords = {Carcinema- Transitional Cell, Disease Free Survival, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {KhosroPanah, I and Roshani, A and Falahatkar, S and Asgari, A and Nikpour., S and Akbarpour, M}, title = {Survey and Comparison of the Urinary Calcium Level in Normal and Calcium Stone Forming Groups}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Urinary stones are the third common disease in the urinary system. Because there is not any study about Hypercalciuria in normal people and patients with stone in our province (Guilan), we decided to evaluate and compare the level of urinary calcium in normal people and patients with urinary stones. Objective: Survey of the urinary calcium level in normal and calcium stone forming groups Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study .Our cases were the people who had attended to Razi Hospital outpatient ward during 2004-6 and included 502 people without history of urinary tract stone (group1), 391 patients with history of an episode of urinary tract stone (group 2) and 109 patients with history of more than one episode of urinary stone (group 3). We extracted requested information such as age, sex, Urine Ca 24h level, serum Ca level and stone analysis from the files and data analyzed by t-test. Results: The most common stone was Calcium Oxalate (95%). The mean level of urinary calcium was 156±7 mg/dl in group 1, 163±7 mg/dl in group 2 and 183±5 mg/dl in group 3. There was a significant statistical difference between these 3 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hypercalciuria is a risk factor for stone formation, so we can use as a protective method to inhibit stone formation.}, Keywords = {Calcium, Urinary Calculi }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {6-10}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Azizi, A and Askari, S}, title = {Comparison of Unstimulated Saliva Secretion between Heavy Smokers and Nonsmokers Subjects}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Salive plays an important role in oral homeostasis. Quantitative and qualitative variation in salivary secretion can cause dental caries and periodontal disease. The decrease of saliva may be caused by disease and drugs such as Sjogren Syndrome and Antidepressant drugs. Objective: Compare the quantitative variation of unstimulated salivary rate in smoker and non smoker males. Materials and Methods: This study was case- control .220 people were evaluated in two groups. Group A were 110 subject male smokers, and group B were 110 subject male non smokers. The subjects had 20-55 years old. The evaluation was based on questionnaire. Heavy smokers have been considered as a target group after completing the questionnaire according to systemic disease and HAD test. After gathering necessary characteristics, they were selected as a case group. Non smoker subjects were selected as a control group. Then in a silent place without any disturbing agent such as stress or tiredness, the salivary rate of subjects was collected by spitting method. Data were analyzed by t – test. Results: The mean age of the smoker subjects were 34.3 and the mean age of nonsmoker subjects were 34.7. The saliva average was 1.2 ml in 3 minutes in case group and 1.7 ml in 3 minutes in the control group. This study showed that the amount of saliva in smoker subjects was less than nonsmoker subjects, and this difference was statistically significant (P< 0/05). Conclusion: According to this study, smoking can cause reduction in unstimulated salivary secretion. Therefore, correct oral and dental hygiene instructions should be emphasized for these patients.}, Keywords = {Month Diseases, Saliva, Smoking }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Zahedi, A and Khaki, A and Bazi, P and Khaki, A.A}, title = {The Hepato Toxic Effects of Lead Acetate on Hepatic Tissues in New Zealand Ian Rabbit}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Lead is one of the world wide using metals which have been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, it has adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Objective: Survey the effect of Lead acetate on hepatic tissues in light and Electron microscope. Materials and Methods: White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups (N =10) 6.5 mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal and control group (N=10) were injected only with demonized water every day to each animal for 7 weeks .After taking biopsy from hepatic tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Quantitave and qualitative (morphometeric and morphologic) studies were carried out on electro micrographs. Data was compared using statistically methods. Results: Morphological and morphometerical findings showed the vacuolated of mitochondria of hepatocyte, degeneration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, heterochromatin of nuclei and reduce in lobular diameter in experimental group as compare with control group(P ≤0/05). Conclusion: Qualitative and quantitative study of chronic phase showed that lead Acetate caused obvious changes in hepatic tissues.}, Keywords = {Cytotoxins, Lead, Liver, Rabbits}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {17-24}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, M.G and Karambin, M.M and Sobhani, A.R and Fasihi, M and ParandakhJoshari, S and Shahrami, H}, title = {Comparison of Neonatal Bacterial Septicemia in 2007 and 1998-2000 Years}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Septicemia is an important and common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Several factors such as genetic, social, hygienic and nutritional factors are effective on the frequency of bacterial pathogens in neonatal septicemia, several studies have performed to determine common pathogens in the different parts of the world. Objective: Comparison of neonatal bacterial septicemia in 2007 and 1998-2000 in the17 Shahrivar hospital of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and comparative study, 298 files of the newborns who were admitted had hospitalized with the probable diagnosis of septicemia in 2007 were collected we defined the cases with positive blood culture, the pathogens and antibiotic resistance to different antibiotics. We compared these results with the results of study which was performed between 1998-2000. Results: Among 298 hospitalized newborns, 31 cases had positive blood culture (10.4%). The most common pathogens were Entrobacter (77.4%), Klebsiella (6.5%) respectively. In the study of 1998, the most common pathogens were Ecoli 111 cases (59.7%), Entrobacter 47 cases (25.3%) klebsiella 17 cases (9.2%). There wasn't any significant relationship between mortality and sex, age, maturity and kind of delivery, but there was significant relationship between the pathogen and mortality, delivery, maturity, birth weight. There wasn't any significant relationship between sex and pathogen. Conclusion: According to the results of 2007 the most common pathogen was Entrobacter and treatment with effective antibiotics like Gentamycine (cost effective and easily available) and hygienic care in the neonatal care recommended to the eliminate the infectious factors especially Entrobacter.}, Keywords = {Drug Resistance, Infant Mortality, Septicemia, Infant-Premature}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Imantalab, V and Mirfalah, S.R and Mohammadzade, A and Mirmansoori, A}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Propofol and Midazolam on Serum Level of Cardiac Troponin T Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Cardiac surgery is associated with some degree of myocardial injury. Preconditioning was described first in 1986 and it classified into: pharmacologic and Non-pharmacologic. Volatile Anesthetic agents (Sevofluran) with stimulation of ischemic preconditioning can protect myocardium. At least one study has demonstrated the potential salutary effect of volatile anesthetic agents on cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) (a reliable marker of myocardial injury). In another study Midazolam, Propofol and Sevofluran provides equal protection in pediatric cardiac surgery. Objective: To compare the effect of Midazolam and Propofol on the level of cTnT following CABG. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, double blind study 40 elected patients for CABG were randomly assigned to receive infusion of Propofol or Midazolam. Other surgical procedures and anesthetics were similar for both groups. Serum cTnT was measured preoperatively and at 12, 24 and 36hr post operation. Results: Serum cTnT was significantly raised in both groups. In all postoperative episodes, cTnT concentration intended to be higher in Midazolam group than Propofol group, but this difference was not significant. The peak levels of cTnT (T12) in both groups were much lower than peak level of cTnT were much lower than peak level of cTnT in previous studies[in previous studies in midazolam group T12=0.260 (± 0.171) ng/ml – in propofol group T12= 0.205 (± 0.110) ng/ml)]. Conclusion: Midazolam and Propofol provided equal myocardial protection during CABG.}, Keywords = {Coronary Artery Bypass, Ischemic Preconditioning, Midazolam, Propofo, Troponin T}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Akouchekian, SH and Roohafza, H.R and Hasanzadeh, A and MohammadSharifi, H}, title = {Relation between Social Support and Coping with Stress in Nurses in Psychiatric Ward}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Stress is the most common cause of mental and physical problems in employers. Nurses experience high level of stresses due to the nature of their job. Stress coping strategies effect on reaction against stresses. Social support has protective and effective role on stress coping strategies. Objectives: Detect the relation between coping with stress and social support in the nurses who worked in psychiatric ward. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytic study was done on 47 nurses of the psychiatric wards of Isfahan training hospitals. The demographic data checklist and stress coping strategies and Saratoz social support questionnaire were filled. Statistical methods such as t-student, Spearmen-Pearson correlation were used to analyze data. Results: The mean age of the studied persons was 39.9 years old and the mean score of social support of them was l0.59±2.24. There was a reverse and significant relation between the social support and the age and duration of service, while there was a direct and significant relation between the social support and the education. There was a significant relation between sex and social support (more in singles) too. There was a direct relation between the social support and the ways of coping with stress (social-emotional support), a reverse and significant relation between social support and the reception and hopeful through. Conclusion: If there is more social support, increased using effective coping strategies and reduced using ineffective coping strategies. Considering the importance of the social support in high stress jobs such as nursing to increase the person's capacity against stress, increase social support by improving administrative relations and social security for the nurse personnel could be useful.}, Keywords = {Occupational stress, Social Support, Stress Coping Strategies, Nurses }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Jalali, M.M and Heidarzadeh, A and Alvai, N}, title = {Evaluation of Satisfaction Rate of Patients and Physician from Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial fracture and the third most common fracture of the human skeleton. The diagnosis and proper treatment of the nasal bone fracture are based on physician’s findings and skill. The way to manage the nasal bone fracture ranges from closed reduction to open reduction. Insufficient reduction caused secondary deformity after the swelling subside, and lead to requests of other surgical procedures. Objective: To evaluate satisfaction rate of patients and physician from outcome of closed reduction 1 month later nasal fracture Materials and Methods: The descriptive study reviewed patients with nasal fracture and treated by closed reduction at Amir-al-momenin hospital (Rasht) in 2007-2008 years. According to physical examination and radiologic findings, nasal fractures were classified. Demographic data, time of injury, mechanisms and severity of fracture were recorded on data sheet. Patients were followed up 1 month later of nasal fracture and their satisfaction upon Likert scale was recorded. The physician described satisfaction as good, fair, poor. Results: In this study from 67 patients 76.1% were male and 23.9% were female. Mean age of patients was 30.17± 13.45 years. The major cause of the nasal fractures was attributed to fighting (43.3%). B-type, U-type and F-type fractures composed 70.1%, 25.4% and 4.5% respectively. 26.9% of patients had soft tissues damages and 3% had fracture in other facial bone. 36 patients (53.7%) were satisfied, 17 patients (25.4%) were very satisfied and 14 patients (20.9%) were unsatisfied. None of them were very unsatisfied. Physician evaluated outcome as good, fair, and poor in 65.7% (44 cases), 23.9% (16 cases) and 10.4% (7 cases) respectively. Conclusion: Although, there isn’t statistically significant difference between different type of fracture or presence of soft tissue damage and patients' satisfaction rate, there is statistically significant difference between them and physician's satisfaction rate (P=0.02 and P=0.049). The results showed that in cases with severe fracture (F-type) and presence of soft tissue damage, closed reduction should be considered carefully as the choice of treatment.}, Keywords = {Fracture, Nasal Bone, Patients Satisfaction}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Falahatkar, S and Asgari, A and HosseiniSharifi, S.H and Joafshani, M.A and Emadi, S.A and Khaledi, F}, title = {Efficacy and Safety of Herbal Drug, Hypericum Perforatum in the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Premature ejaculation is the most prevalent form of male sexual dysfunction. Efforts to develop novel drugs safer than existing therapies are continued. Objective: Assessment of efficacy of Hypericum Perforatum in the treatment of premature ejaculation Materials and Methods: This is the double blind, randomized placebo- controlled study. In this study were selected 50 married men (18-50 years old) who were referred to urology department of Razi hospital in Rasht from 2007 to 2008 with premature ejaculation were selected. These patients were divided to control and cases groups. Hypericum (160mg tablets) were prescribed for case group and placebo for control group. All participants completed IIEF-15 questionnaire before and after treatment. Intra vaginal latency time (IVLT) was measured before and after treatment. The results were analyzed using chi-square and paired t-test Results: After 4 weeks, there was difference in IVLT between 2 groups. This difference was statically significant (P<0.001). There was an increase in two variables of the IIEF-15(Intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) in hypericum perforatum group (p<0.001). In 3 participants drug was discontinued because of adverse reactions. Conclusion: It seems that hypericum perforatum may be regarded as a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of premature ejaculation.}, Keywords = {Ejaculation, Hypericum }, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {53-58}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Javadian, Y and Behtash, H and Akbari, M and Taghipoor, M and Zekavat, H}, title = {Three Months follow up of two Methods of Exercise Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Lumbar Segmental Instability}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: The effect of different methods of exercise therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from lumbar segmental instability can be challenged in different following treatment periods. Objective: Compare of two different methods of exercise therapy in treatment of patients with lumbar segmental instability after three month. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study twenty-four patients’ ranging 18-45 years old with signs of lumbar segmental instability were randomly divided into two groups. The first group did only the routine exercise and the second group did the routine exercise plus stabilizing exercises for eight weeks and continued it until three months after treatment. Studied variables included flexor and extensor trunk muscle endurance, pain intensity, functional disability, flexion and extension lumbar range of motion, right and left trunk muscle side were evaluated before, eight weeks and three months after treatment. Data was analyzed using k-s and repeated measurement tests. Results: The findings showed that flexion lumbar range of motion, right and left trunk muscle side increased and pain, functional disability decreased in stabilizing exercise group. There is statically significant difference in the mean of this mentioned variables between two groups after 8 weeks (P=0.001). The process of pain intensity and functional disability reduction and muscle endurance time increase was more in stabilizing exercise than routine exercise group, following three months exercise. Conclusion: Regarding the prolonged positive effects of stabilizing exercise in reduction of pain intensity and increase of functional ability and muscle endurance until three months after treatment, it is recommended to use this method along with routine exercises.}, Keywords = {Exercise Therapy, Lumbar Vertebrae}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Dalili, Z and Kariminasab, N and Dalili, H and RahmatSadeghi, D}, title = {Comparison of Radiographic Findings between Mandibular Asymmetric and Symmetric Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: By considering the extensive dimensions of asymmetry, it seems that the evaluation in a single radiographic view is not adequate and it is better to evaluate it through different aspects. Objective: To compare the radiographic findings of patients with mandibular asymmetry and normal subjects, and to define the asymmetry index in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive case-control study, Posterior- Anterior PA cephalometric, panoramic and condylar tomographic views of twenty patients, including 10 asymmetric patients with the mean age of 17.8 years (6 female, 4 male) and 10 symmetric subjects with the mean age of 17.6 years (6 female, 4 male) were evaluated. The control and experimental groups were matched by Cervical Vertebra Maturation Stage index and nearly chronological age. In PA cephalometry radiographs, 8 indices were evaluated in two categories of horizontal indices and vertical indices. After measuring condylar and ramal heighs in panoramic views, condylar and ramal indices were determined. In tomograms three images comprising of posterior, middle and Anterior were obtained from right and left sides. The average of maximum medio lateral dimension of condyle was calculated as tomographic index. Paired sample test analysis using SPSS with %95 confidence interval is applied for analysis. Results: Mean tomographic indices in control and cases groups were reported 2.91 and 4.98 respectively. Condylar and ramus indices in control group were 0.07 and 0.01, and in case group, were 0.04 and 0.01. There is no significant difference between experimental and control groups on all of the mentioned radiographic indices. Conclusion: Tomography, PA cephalometry, panoramic and tomography views are helpful in the diagnosis of asymmetry. But they don’t introduce a definitive borderline in the form of asymmetry indices.}, Keywords = {Asymmetry, Mandible, Radiography- Denta, Tomography}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {68-76}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Y and Mohammadi, M.J}, title = {Topiramate Associated Bilateral Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma and Myopia}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Topiramate, is an oral Sulfonamide medication that was primarily licensed for treating epilepsy, though increasingly used for treating migraine. In recent years there have been several reports of its association with bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and or myopia. We introduce a rare case of simultaneous bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma and myopia following topiramate usage. Case History: A 43 years–old woman, who referred to Amiralmomenin hospital with bilateral painful visual loss following prescription of topiramate. Her best corrected visual acuity was one meter counting finger in both eyes. Intraocular pressure was 60 mm Hg OD and 54 mm Hg OS with ciliary injection. There were corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber and closed angles on gonioscopy in both eyes. Abnormal findings were normalized within 2 weeks after discontinuation of topiramate and starting antiglaucoma medication. Conclusion: Topiramate can cause acute bilateral angle- closure glaucoma and myopia, which is usually reversible and its intraocular pressure is controlled promptly by discontinuing drug. Patients who started Topiramate therapy need to be informed of this potential risk especially within first few weeks after starting or increasing dose of the drug.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Glaucoma- Angle-Closure , Migraine, Myopia, Topiramate}, volume = {18}, Number = {69}, pages = {77-80}, publisher = {}, url = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2009} }