1 2383-4307 407 Special Survey the Level of Nitrite and Nitrate in Semnan Drinking Water Resources Falah S.H Mehdinia S.M Hydarieh M Abasi A 1 1 2007 15 60 1 6 04 01 2014 04 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Nitrite (NO2) and Nitrate (NO3) compounds are the pollutants in ground water and due to developing of agriculture and man's activities, their average rate is increasing: These materials are absorbed rapidly in the first parts of small intestine and then enter the blood. In blood, NO2 is changed into NO3 and through a process, Hb is changed into methemoglobin and Hb is unable to join with O2 and CO2, as a result O2 can not be transferred into tissues and lungs. Objective: This study aimed to survey the level of Nitrite and Nitrate in Semnan drinking water resources in 2002. Materials and Methods: In this research, the rate of NO2 and NO3 in Semnan drinking water was measured in all seasons using Spectrophotometer DR 2000has. Sampling was performed in all drinking resources in Semnan city (120 samples). Results: Nitrite concentration measurement in spring was higher than the WHO’S standards (0.2 ppm) in all resources. This variable was also higher in well NO.1 in the east north and also the Seda-o- Sima’s well which was more than the WHO’S instructions. In autumn, the NO2 concentration rate in Seda-o-Sima’s well was higher than the WHO’S standard. In winter, it was less than WHO’S standard. Nitrate concentration in Seda-o-Sima’s well in spring was in the classification of the polluted waters (26 ppm), and the rest of sources were considered as little polluted (less than 20 ppm). In summer all resources had little polluted water. In fall, the Seda-o-Sima’s well was polluted (22 ppm). In winter, all of them were little polluted. Conclusion: In attention to the categorization of little polluted water with nitrate less than 20ppm, all drinking water resources in Semnan except Seda-o-Sima’s well, in all seasons were considered polluted. While Seda-o-Sima’s well, all categorized as polluted water in spring and autumn, but in summer and winter Seda-o-Sima’s wells categorized as little polluted. Also Seda-o-Sima’s well is more polluted with nitrite and nitrate in comparison with the other Semnan drinking water resources.
408 Special Ultra Structure of Human Uterine and Oviduct Epithelial Cells Cultivated Under the Same Culture Condition Baghaban Eslami Nezhad M.R Rezazadeh Valojerdi M Ashtiani S Eftekhar Yazdi P 1 1 2007 15 60 7 17 04 01 2014 04 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Extra cellular matrix (ECM) as an important component of cellular microenvironment has a key role in maintaining the differentiated state of cells. Effects of ECM on morphologic differentiation of epithelial cells including those from uterus and oviduct has been shown in past studies in which cellular and hormonal factors have been used in addition to ECM to maintain epithelial cell differentiation. Not much attention has been paid, in these studies about the ultra structure of cultured cells specially those from oviduct. Objective: The purpose of present study is to cultivate the human uterine and oviduct epithelial cells under the same microenvironment (ECM Gel and DMEM/Ham's F12 medium) and to observe and compare ultra structural characteristics of the cultured cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, uterine and oviduct tissue were obtained from patients undergoing total hysterectomy in Emam Khomeini Hospital. Epithelial cells, after being isolated, were cultured on plastic surfaces and the epithelial nature of the cells was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. Cells with epithelial nature were trypsinized and cultured on ECM gel. At the end ultra structure of cells in parallel with tissue were prepared for TEM. Results: Our results showed that the plastic cultured cells have no signs of differentiation and appeared as elongated spindle cell in sections, whereas those cultured on ECM gel had highly differentiated structure and observed as columnar in shape. In this term they were very similar to epithelial cells from tissue fragment. Epithelial cells of oviduct, cultured on ECM gel, were noticed ultra structurally very similar to that from uterus. The main structural difference existed in vivo state (the presence of abundance cilia on apical surface of oviduct epithelial cells) were not observed in vitro. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it seems that ECM gel by itself is enough to induce morphologic differentiation and structural polarization of epithelial cells.Uultra structurally different cells grows and acquires the same structure when being cultured under the same microenvironment. 409 Special The Study of Mean Changes in Fasting Glucose Level and BMI in Psychotic Patients Treated with Olanzapine in Shafa Hospital and Private Clinics of Rasht in 2005-2006 Modabernia M.J Shojaee Tehrani H Jalaly H 1 1 2007 15 60 17 25 04 01 2014 04 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: New anti psychotic drugs (atypical) have fewer extra pyramidal adverse effects and more therapeutic effects in comparison with the old ones. There is no agreement on the effects of new antipsychotics on the BMI and rising blood glucose. Objective: This study was done to investigate above adverse effects (raising blood glucose and BMI) in the psychotic patients who were treated with Olanzapine in Shafa hospital and private clinic during 2005-2006. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive- analytic (study a population in two periods of time) 150 individuals who referred to previous mentioned centers were chosen. Inclusion Criteria were: diagnosis of psychosis according to DSMIV, using Olanzapine as treatment and having FBS less than 110 mg/dlit. Exclusion criteria included: those who had inadequate response or had no tolerance to Olanzapine, users of other psychothropic and substance and those who had received long term Antipsychotics during the last month. Their BMI and fasting blood glucose were measured before and after the study. More over, some variables such as the history of Diabetes Mellitus in the family, type of psychosis, gender and age were asked through an specific questionnaire which had been designed for this purpose. Then we collected the data in two periods. These data were analyzed through SPSS 11/5 while using the appropriate statistical tool and α=0.05 was accepted. Results: From total 150 individuals, 79(52/7%) were female and 71(47/3%) were male. 16 of them had a FBS more than 110 mg/d lit. 11(7/33%) individuals showed Diabetes and 5(3/33%) individuals showed some disturbance in FBS. There were significant difference between the mean changes of blood glucose (paired t p<0.0001) and also average body mass index changes (paired t p<0/0001) before and after treatment was statistically significant. There were no significant correlation between changes of body mass index and fasting blood glucose in base and end point (p=0/218,0/249). Among studied variables, the most significant relationship statistically was with changes of FBS and Olanzapine 10 mg a day (p<0.006) and ages over 45 (p<0.006). Changes of fasting blood glucose had a marginal relationship with schizophrenia (p=0.55), and the other variables (such as gender, family history of Diabetes) had no statistically significant relationship with the changes of glucose level. There was also no relationship between the gender and the incidence of diabetes (p=0.68) There are significant difference between changes of FBS and using more than 10 mg daily Olanzapine(p<0/006) and also between changes of FBS and ages over 45(p<0.006) and schizophrenic patients (p=0.055). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that mean changes of fasting blood glucose and BMI after using Olanzapine in psychotic patients is statistically significant. Prescription of Olanzapine in schizophrenic patients who are over 45 and those who use more than 10mg a day of Olanzapine should be done more cautiously. Additional investigation by using clinical trial would offer more precise results. 410 Special Epidemiological Pattern of Job Stress Among Managers of Car Manufacture Companies in Iran Soori H Rahimi M Mohseni H 1 1 2007 15 60 26 35 04 01 2014 04 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Management is one of high stress occupations but little attention has been paid to occupational stresses among manufacturing managers. Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the epidemiological pattern of occupational stress among 70 SIPA industrial companies. Materials and Methods: Stress was assessed according to different criteria’s with a self- completed questionnaire in-group meetings. Results: Mean age of samples (440 managers) was 43.6 years (SD= 7.3) and their mean job experience was 12.1 years (SD=7.7) the level of occupational stress was 49.5%. The top four stressors were stress due to decision making at work (99.1%), time pressure (97.3%), and time- table and scheduling (73.5%). There was a significant difference between overall occupational stress of managers and age (P=0.001) and younger managers were more at risk of occupational stresses. Conclusion: Occupational stresses have undesirable effect on people and it is necessary to control and prevent stress among young managers by proper interventional programs on personal and institutional level. 411 Special Comparing the Antipyretic Effectiveness of Oral and Rectal Acetaminophen in Children Golestan M Akhavane Karbbasi S Sadre Bafghi M Behjati Ardakani M Modarese MosadegH M Eslami Z Falah R 1 1 2007 15 60 36 41 04 01 2014 04 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Acetaminophen is the most commonly used drug for temperature reduction in febrile children, which is used orally or rectally. The effectiveness of rectal versus oral Acetaminophen is not well established. Objective: This study is designed to compare the antipyretic effectiveness of rectal acetaminophen dose 15mg/kg to the standard oral dose of 15mg/kg. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients aged 6 months to 6 years with fever≥39° rectally. The patients were randomly assigned in one of two groups. First 39°c group received 15mg/kg Acetaminophen rectally and the second group received same dose orally and their body temperature was measured one and three hours after Acetaminophen administration. Results: The mean temperature reduction, 60 and 180 minutes after use of acetaminophen were 1.07± .0.16 and 1.74±0.25. Conclusion: Effectiveness of oral and rectal Acetaminophen with 15mg/kg dose is similar in decreasing children’s fever. Standard (15mg/kg) oral and (15mg/kg) rectal acetaminophen has similar antipyretic effectiveness. 429 Special Comparing Dressing with Silver Sulfadiazine and Nitrofurazone on Burn Wound Infection Among the Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Burn Ward in Tabriz, 2005 Darvishpour A Lotfi M Salehi F Aghazadeh A hasani A Aali N 1 1 2007 15 60 42 49 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Burns are among the main public health problems throughout the world especially in the developing countries. In Iran burn injuries causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially among the pediatric population. Infection remains the most common cause of death in the severely burned patients. The proper use of topical antimicrobial agents decreases the occurrence of bacterial resistance and sepsis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare two topical antimicrobial agents, Silver Sulfadiazine and Nitrofurazone, with respect to the rate of healing, infection and their treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study that used convenience sampling for 5 months on 60 cases that were admitted in the pediatric burn ward at the burn center of the Sina hospital, Tabriz, East Azarbijan, in 2005. Research population consisted of children who were admitted in this center and from among them the patients who met the characteristics of research samples were selected after explaining the study to their parents and receiving their permission. They were allocated in random into two groups (control and experimental). The tools were a questionnaire and a checklist. In this research one group was dressed with Silver Sulfadiazine cream and another group with Nitrofurazone and they were replaced once per day. For burn status assessment, in dressing change time, the wounds were considered regarding to the infection criteria and presence of epithelialization and granulation tissue. Also for each patient, bacterial cultures were taken three times by a swab. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using the χ2-test and T-test by means of SPSS software (version 11.5). Results: Statistical analysis didn’t show any significant difference between the two groups with regard to clinical signs of infection (P= 1.000) and microbiological study (P= 0.739). Also there wasn’t any significant difference between two groups with regard to re-epithelialization time (P= 0.763), hospitalization days (P=0.818) and cost of confinement (P= 0.969). Conclusion: In this study, our hypothesis based on a difference between two topical antibacterial agents was rejected and it was seen that the efficacy of two drugs (Silver Sulfadiazine 1% cream and Nitrofurazone) were parallel. It indicated that over use of one drug can’t be a reason for its efficacy. It seems that more attention should be paid on selecting the drug for burned patient treatment. 430 Special Evaluation of Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer Aghajanzadeh M Kohsary M.R Safarpoor F Ghanbari A Riazi H Hemati H Tuzandehjany H 1 1 2007 15 60 50 57 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Esophageal cancer is an invasive tumor with a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, this malignant tumor has a considerable prevalence in north part of Iran, especially near the Caspian Sea. It is also an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Surgery is the most effective approach for cure and also is used for palliation. Transhiatal esophagectomy is a popular method of resection with a low morbidity and mortality. Objective: We designed this study to document the clinic pathologic characteristics of patients undergoing this procedure for esophageal cancer and to determine the contributing factors survival of patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed between 1993 and first half of 2003 on 162 patients in Rasht Razi hospital. Patients’ medical records were surveyed regarding their age, sex, stage of dysphagia, complications of surgery, mortality, stage of cancer and level of survival. Data were analyzed by EPI-6 software. Results: There were 102 male and 60 female patients. The mean age of patients was 57 years. 29.1% of them were urban versus 70.9% who were rural. The most frequent presenting symptoms were dysphagia (100%). The most common site of tumor was lower third of esophagus (56%) and cardia) 22%). 47.1% of patients required tube thoracostomy after surgery.9.8% of patients were splenectomized because of splenic injury. Recurrent nerve damage was observed in 4% of patients.18.4% of patient's required mechanical ventilation. Pneumonia, Mediastinitis and Chylothorax was observed in 10, 2 and 2% of patients respectively. 13% had anastomosis leak in neck, which was managed conservatively.83.1% of patients, were discharged from hospital in two weeks. The mean duration of hospital stay was 9.94±4.14 days.14% of patients expired during first month of hospitalization. Survival in 1,2,3,4 and 5 years were 80%, 50%, 40%, 30% and 20% respectively. Conclusion: In this study mortality and morbidity were comparable with previous studies. On the other hand there wasn't any significant difference between results of this procedure and transthoracic approach that is used in other centers. Therefore it is recommended that transhiatal esophagectomy with appropriate selection of patients is the procedure of choice for curative and palliative means 431 Special Distal Soft Tissue Surgery and Proximal Open Wedge Metatarsal Osteotomy in Hallux Valgus Omidi Kashani F Hotekani A.R 1 1 2007 15 60 58 64 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: In the moderate and severe cases of hallux valgus with metatarsus valgus, one of the most important parts of surgical technique is proximal metatarsal osteotomy. Objective: In this study, the results of a distal soft tissue procedure and a medial open wedge proximal metatarsal osteotomy were reviewed. Materials and Methods: In this study we operated 22 feet (16 patients) with moderate or severe hallux valgus . In all the patients distal soft tissue procedure were done then with the b::union:: part of the metatarsal head medial open wedge proximal metatarsal osteotomy were done and fixed. Average follow up period was 13 months. Results: 13 patients were female. At follow up 16 feet were free from pain at the first metatarsophalyngeal joint. In 6 feet the pain was improved but persisted. The mean hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles were 38 and 18 before and 13 and 6 after surgery respectively. The postoperative hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles in patients who had pain at the first metatarsophalyngeal joint after surgery were greater than those in patients without pain after surgery. Conclusion: This procedure corrects moderate and severe hallux valgus deformity and relieves the symptoms effectively, but careful attention should be paid to the surgical technique to obtain consistent and satisfactory results. 432 Special Relation Of Iron Deficiency Anemia with First Febrile Convulsion In 6 month to 5 year old Children Mansouri M Bid abadi E Sobhani A.R 1 1 2007 15 60 65 73 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: There are some studies about possible relation between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion. But these results have not shown a definite and convincing answer yet. In attention to high prevalence of anemia and febrile convulsion in children population and its importance that has a preventable nature, this study aims to further survey its possible relation. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the relation of iron deficiency anemia with first febrile convulsion in 6 month to 5-year-old children admitted to Hefdah Shahrivar Hospital, in Rasht in 2006. Materials & Methods: Degree of iron sufficiency parameters including Hemoglobin (HB), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Plasma Ferritin, Fe and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) were prospectively measured in 200 children with first FC (FFC) and compared with 200 controls matched regarding age and sex with febrile conditions without convulsion. Results: In our 400 participant febrile children, 233 were boys (58.2%) and 167 were girls (41.8%). Out of 200 children who had febrile convulsion, 118 were boys (59%), and 82 were girls (41%). In convulsion group mean HB (10.481.16), MCV (77.56.6), and MCH (25.32.78) were higher than control group but without any statistically significant differences. Mean Fe 58.5535.35 (P=0.003), Ferritin 100.23114.3 (P=0.005), TIBC 320.8949.4 (P=0.002), were higher in convulsive group with no statistically significant differences. From 184(46%) anemic children, 96(52.1%) were without convulsion and 88 children (47.9%) had convulsion, with no statistically significant differences regarding febrile convulsion and iron anemia and with odds ratio = 1.175 shows anemia doesn’t have any protection for FFC. Conclusion: We found that there was no relation between iron deficiency anemia and First Febrile Convulsion. 433 Special Survey the Association Between Maternal Age and Pregnancy Outcome Zahiri Z Sharami S.H Faraji R Asgharnia M Atrkar roshan Z 1 1 2007 15 60 73 78 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Age of mother at pregnancy can be one of the main risk factors for hazardous outcome of pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the maternal age and the outcome of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional analytic study that pregnancy outcome in women presenting to Alzahra hospital for delivery was assessed. Variable studied included: enduced hypertension and diabetes in placental complication (placenta abruption, placental previa), preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was divided into 3 groups based on age 16 and 17-34 and 35.‍Pregnant women in two groups: 17-34 and 35 were matched according to parity. Data collection analysis was carried out with chi-square test by SPSS.9 software. Results: In this survey, 6045 pregnant women with gestational age over 20 weeks were studied. Frequency of delivered women according to age group showed that 52 cases (%0.8) were 16 years, 5406(89.4%) were 17-34 years and other 587(9.8%)were 35.Data showed that there were significant differences between the three age groups and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, placental previa, PROM, mal presentation, preterm labor and cesarean section (P0/05). Conclusion: It appears that pregnancy in age 35 comparing with teenage pregnancy has special risk factors. Awareness of the risks and complications has an important role planning for appropriate prenatal services. 434 Special Frequency of Retention Cyst of Maxillary Sinus in Panoramic Radiography Ghafari R Dalili Z 1 1 2007 15 60 79 83 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Diagnosis of sinus retention cysts indicates inflammatory reaction in sinuses and in attention to its reports in different geographic sites we decided to survey its frequency in panoramic radiography. Because it doesn’t have the limitation of waters’ view in detection of small lesion in antral floor due to superimposition of molar roots and petrous bone in this area and it can be used as a routine radiography in dentistry. Objective: This study was designed to determine the frequency of retention cyst in panoramic view in Rasht-Iran from the beginning of winter of 2003 to 2004. Materials and Methods: Two maxillofacial radiologists assessed 1422 panoramic radiographs, which were taken by Planmeca EC Proline machine together during one year. Absence or presence of this lesion, number of these cysts and location of antral wall involvement were defined. Data collections were organized on sex, age and months of radiography taking. SPSS analysis software, chi-square test and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Frequency of retention cyst was 4% and it was more in males than females. Ninety percent of this antral lesion was single and 10% had multiple forms. The most common location involved was antral floor. June and January were the most common months of retention cyst presentation in Rasht in panoramic views. Conclusion: In our study, frequency of antral cyst was higher than previous studies. Temperature fluctuations, inflammatory and allergic factors in different months are effective factors in higher presentation of retention cyst in this geographic region. Antral floor involvement in single form and retention cyst presentation in male more than female are the most important notes of this study. 435 Special Evaluation of the Transversel Strength of Acropars Heat Cure Acrylic Resin as Compared with Bayer and Meadway Heat Cure Acrylic Resins Neshandar Asli H Jahandideh Y 1 1 2007 15 60 84 88 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: One of the numerous problems that clinicians and technicians are faced with is the phenomenon of breakage of Acrylic resin, the basic material in complete denture. Objective: The main aim of this research was to survey the quality of Acropars heat cure Acrylie resin and compare it with Bayer and Mead way heat cure acrylic resins in order to reduce the deficiency existing. Materials and Methods:‌ 10 samples of each acrylic resins were‌ build‌ in with dimensions of ‌‌65*10*2.5mm and then were divided in three groups: 1. Acropars 2-Meadway 3- Bayer Energy was exerted on samples through the Instron machine at speed of 5mm/min and their transversal strength (breakage strength) was measured. Results: The average transversal strength in first group was: 65.961.23 Mpa & the transversal strength in second group was 81/081.02 Mpa and in third group was 84/31.19 Mpa, and there was a significant difference in first group compared to the second and third groups. Conclusion: Regarding to the average transversal strength of samples it was shown that the Acropars heat cure Acrylic resin have significant difference when comparison with similar foreign samples. But it was approved regarding the ISO 1567 test, which states that mpa 65 is satisfactory. 436 Special Survey of Extract of White Cabbage in Prevention and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Caused by Aspirin in Rats Kalantari Z Jafari H 1 1 2007 15 60 89 94 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Peptic ulcer is a multifactor trend caused by blood vessels alterations, mucus secretion, and gastric acid biochemistric condition of gastrointestinal tract. Aspirin (non-steroidal anti inflammation) with high curative effects can lead to mucus lesions in stomach. The lesion is caused by delay in stomach mucus rebuilding, increased free radicals and prostaglandin ( ) producing prohibition. There were different applications for white cabbage mentioned in traditional medicine, however the most important one was its use in digestive pains. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of extract of white cabbage in prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Aspirin in rats. Materials and Methods: In this research 48 rats were kept hungry for 48 hours and as a result ulcer peptide appeared with aspirin suspension in standard condition. For a group of rats an hour before prescribing aspirin, different amounts of edible extracts of white cabbage were used. For the other group of rats the same were used but this time after prescribing aspirin. In both conditions, animal's stomach were brought out and opened through the large curvature and lesion signs were assessed according to J. score criterion. Then statistical analyses were preformed using variation factor and T. student test by SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that white cabbage's extract in the amount of 100 mg/kg is most effective on prevention of peptic ulcer caused by aspirin (P<0.01) as compared with 200mg/kg dose used to cure peptic ulcer (P<0.05). Conclusion: As an overall conclusion, white cabbage can be used in prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer especially as prevention. Maybe the effect of this plant on peptic ulcer is like the prostaglandin that prohibits acid secretion, stimulates sodium bicarbonate and changes the PH of stomach and this can be further studied by researchers. 437 Special How to Update Physicians and Dentists’ Education after Graduation Asefzadeh S Rafati M 1 1 2007 15 60 95 101 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Defining the use of Internet and other sources for professional updating among physicians and dentists are very essential for improving continuing medical education (CME). Objective: This investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of using Internet among physicians and dentists and to compare it with of other sources for professional updating information in Qazvin Medical University. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study and a questionnaire was randomly sent to half of all physicians and dentists (399) in Qazvin. Results: All 339 samples answered the questionnaire, which included 52.8% general physician, 2.1% residents, 8.26% specialist, 2.8% fellows, 11.9% general dentists, and 3.6% dental specialist. 69.7% stated reading books as the best source of CME, 24.6% use of internet and e-mail, 28.1% reading foreign journals and 26.8% stated participating, in seminars and work shops as the best sources CME. Comparing the two groups, physicians and dentists on average spend 14 hours and 19 hours of studying per month. From those who didn’t use Internet, 45.84% stated, “not being available” and 40% stated, “don’t know how to use it”. The time of samples were divided to 5hrs/ week for study, 9hrs to education, 2.5hrs to research, 4hrs participating in meetings and 35 hrs to medical visits. Conclusion: Since Internet plays an increasingly important role in physicians professional updating, it is suggested that training courses, more hardware and software facilities at hospital and libraries, and Internet program for continuing medical education be provided in university and electronic library with last edition of medical books be made available in university. 438 Special Review of Dirofilariasis in Iran Azari-Hamidian SH Yaghoobi-Ershadi M.R Javadian E Mobedi I Abai M.R 1 1 2007 15 60 102 114 12 01 2014 12 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Dirofilariasis or dirofilariosis is a mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) borne metazoonotic disease, caused by different species of the nematod genus Dirofilaria (Spirurida: Onchocercidae). Its reservoirs are mostly canids and it is cosmopolitan. Human dirofilariasis is now classified as an emerging zoonosis. Objective: This article reviewed all previous records and investigations in Iran and the world in relation to dirofilariasis in order to provide a foundation for forthcoming studies. Materials and Methods: From the first report of dirofilariasis in Iran in 1969 up to 2005, all human and animal cases and important data such as: the pathogen and reservoir species, distribution, frequency, and human cases, as retrospective study, were investigated and analyzed. Also, the natural history of parasite, pathogenicity, the disease diagnosis, treatment, and control, and the last status of the disease in the world were briefly mentioned. Results: Two species of the genus Dirofilaria D. immitis (canine heartworm) and D. repens are found in Iran. By now, nine human cases have been formally reported including four subcutaneous and two ocular cases of D. repens, a rare case of D. immitis in testicular hydrocele, and two pulmonary cases (most probably D. immitis). As a whole, human and animal dirofilariasis has been recorded in eleven provinces of Iran. The species D. immitis has been reported in East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Tehran, Khorasan, Khuzistan, Fars, Golestan, Mazandaran, and Hormozgan Provinces and D. repens in Tehran, Khorasan, Guilan, and Mazandaran Provinces. Different investigators have reported D. immitis in dogs (with the frequency of 0.95 to 36.8%), jackals (7.5-57.1%), foxes (5.7-50%), wolves (20-50%), and cats (0.8%) and D. repens in dogs (1.4-60.8%) and jackals (10%) in the different areas of the country. Conclusion: Data on dirofilariasis in Iran are to some extent scattered as regard to distribution or other aspects of the disease. More studies need to be done on dirofilariasis in the country, especially in places where no investigation has been carried out. There is no information about the vectors of dirofilariasis in Iran.