1 2383-4307 505 Special The Effect of Reversible Inactivation of Locus Coeruleus on Long-term Potentiation in the Dentate Ggyrus of Rat Hippocampus Khakpour B Motamedi F 1 10 2005 14 55 1 10 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: The nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is located next to the fourth ventricle of the brain . Behavioral and electrophysiological studies have revealed the importance of LC noradrenergic projections in processes such as attention, learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons is believed to be neural basis of learning and memory. The effects of LC on hippocampal electrophysiology have been investigated since many years ago, but have had different and conflicted results. Objective: In this study the effect of reversible inactivation of LC on induction and maintenance of LTP in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male anesthetized rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: This is an expelimental study. Inactivation of LC was conducted through bilateral injection of 0.5µl lidocaine (4%). For producing LTP, two high frequency stimulations (HFS), 5 minutes apart were given to perforant pathway (PP) neurons. The amplitude of population spikes (PS) and the slope of population excitatory post synaptic potentials (PEPSP) were recorded before and 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes after tetanic stimulations in DG . Results: The findings of this study showed that inactivation of LC had no effect on DG granule cells baseline activity. Also, LC inactivation 5 minutes before HFS had no effect on LTP induction. However, PS amplitude was decreased significantly (P< 0.05 , P<0.01 respectively) in comparison with control group, 60 and 120 minutes after tetanization. Lidocaine injection after HFS had no effect on induced LTP. Conclusion: According to results, we can conclude that, LC inactivation has no effect on LTP production in DG area, but probably LC neurons regulate part of events that occurs during tetanic stimulations in granular cells and are necessary for maintenance of LTP in PS amplitude.
506 Special Potential Role of Green salt (Dalar) in Fascioliasis in Animal Model Assmar M Motavallian S.A Masiha A.R 1 10 2005 14 55 11 16 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Green salt (known as Dalar by local people) is one of the favorable traditional flavors in Northern provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran. It is made of native plants (water grasses), which commonly grow at the edge or in water resources particularly the ones providing suitable conditions for Fasciola parasite. The consumption of green salt may cause Fascioliasis. Objective: This Study was Conducted to determine the Possibility of Fasciola Transfer From Consumption of green Salt in animals. Materials and Methods: The Fasciola life cycle was established in two aquariums by simulating field conditions such as light, pH and heat followed by growing in them two native water grasses known as Khalvash and Chochagh by local people. To do this the snail Golba truncatula was first adapted to aquariums conditions and then the Fasciola hepatica eggs were introduced to one of them. Green salts were prepared from plants grown in both Metacecaria-infested and Metacercaria-free aquariums and were force fed to two groups of rabbits. Besides, Metacercaria-infested green salt was treated with vinegar and was force-fed to another group of rabbits. A group was also left as control. The rabbit’s feces were examined for Fasciola eggs with modified methods of Kato and Telman. The sera from all groups were checked by CCIE and the billiary ducts of rabbits were searched for adult worms. Results: All the rabbits fed with plants grown in Metacercaria -infested aquarium turned positive by all the deployed methods including examination of feces for Fasciola eggs, CCIE and examination of billiary ducts for adult worms while the ones fed with plants grown in Metacecaria-free aquarium were negative. The group fed with vinegar-treated green salt was also negative. Conclusion: The non-treated green salt contaminated with Fasciola Metacecercaria can cause Fascioliasis, while treating it with vinegar can prevent the infection. 507 Special Lectin Histochemistry Epididymal Epithelium in Mouse Alavi S.H Zaman Soltani F Mahmoodian A.R Fazel A.R 1 10 2005 14 55 17 26 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Several different cell types have been identified morphologically in the epididymal epithelium in male mammals. They absorb luminal fluid and secret sperm-maturation glycoconjugates. Lectin histochemical method is useful for detection of glycocojugates with specific terminal sugars. Objective: This study surveys the distribution of glycoconjugates containing terminal sugals in cells of different areas of epididym and its canal sperms by the use of lectins. Materials and Methods: Sample of epididymal tissue was obtained from 30 adult male BALB/C mouse. After fixation and routine laboratory process, 5 μm sections was prepared from paraffin blocks. Slides were exposed to lectins with lectin-histochemistry. Then the slides were assessed by light microscope and graded reaction intensity in different cells. Results: Basal cells reacted to MPA, SBA and principal cells to all of lectins. Reaction intensity in essential cells was different as compared to various lectins and a special lectin in different areas of epididym. Narrow cells reacted to LTA, MPA and clear cells reacted to all of lectins. There wasn’t any reaction in basal lamina and interstitial tissue except for MPA. Conclusion: epididymis secrets many sperm-maturation related glycoconjugates. Different reactions in different Probably synthesieed glycoconjugates in basal cells due to inability to reach lumen and limited reaction in membrane, are used for repair and reconstruction of membrane. Faint or lack of reactions in caput of epididymis and appearance in corpus principal cells indicates that these cells in caput are involved in fluid absorption and/or glycoconjugates secretion in corpus. Epididymal sperm transit are accompanied with focuse content increasing and alternation in other terminal sugars. 508 Special Motility Parameters Changes in Sperm Due to Zinc and Cadmium Exposure Abrahimi M 1 10 2005 14 55 25 34 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Contamination of the ecosystems by entrance of industrial and agricultural pollutants in to the rivers has been of major recent concern. Heavy metals accumulate in the beds of rivers, lakes and seas, food chain and ultimately in human body. Their bioaccumulation in reproductive organs could exert delterious effects on spermatogenesis and sperm morphology. Objective: This study was conducted to examine the motility parameters disturbances due to zinc and cadmium exposure. Materials and Methods: Sperm exposed with different concentrations of zinc, cadmium and Combiration zinc and cadmium and sperm motility parameters were checked by computer assisted sperm analysis. Results: Cadmium, even at 50 ppm concentration affected sperm motility while zinc had toxic effect on sperm in 1000 ppm and more concentration. The interestiry Points that in Sperm incubation with zinc and cadmium simul taneaovsly, zinc has protective effect against cadmium which compensates toxic effects of cadmium against Sperm. Conclusion: The results confirmed that part of heavy metals toxicities on sperm could be due to changes in motility parameters and so the sperm cannot swim, find and fertelize ovum. 509 Special Compare the Quality of Life of Spouses of Addicted Men with a Control Group Najafi K Zarrabi H Kafi M Nazifi F 1 10 2005 14 55 35 41 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Substance abuse is the most common psychological disorders. Its side effects is not only related to the user but also effects their spouses and other family members. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the self- esteem, general well being and marital satisfaction of women having spouses who are substance abusers. Materials and Methods: This research is a cross sectional study. The experimental group included spouses of substance abusing men who voluntarily referred to addiction control centers in Rasht and the Control group consisted of married women referring to health care centers in Rasht. For data collection, three standard psychological questionnaires including GHQ 28(general well being score) Enrich(Marital satisfaction score), Cooper Smith (Self esteem score) and also a personal demographic questionnaire were used. From all qualified individuals, 18 wives of addicted men in experimental group and 24 wives of non-addicted men in control group were chosen through simple sampling, Information was collected by the psychologist or educated general physician by referring to addiction control centers and health care centers. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software and T test. Result: Demographic characteristics such as family income, occupation, housing condition, place of living and presence of disease were the same in both groups. The wives of addicted men showed significantly higher level of somatic symptoms(t= 2.25, P=0.03), anxiety and insomnia(t= 3.73 P=0.001) and depression(t= 4.04, P=0.0001) than the control group. Partners of addicted men also had significantly lower levels of self- esteem (t= -3.61 P= 0.0001) and marital satisfaction(t= -4/71, P= 0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that addicted men and their spouses affect each other and addicts significantly effect general areas of life. Based on the results of this study alike other western studies indicates that having an addicted husband significantly decrease his wife’s quality of life. Therefore, It’s necessary to pay more attention to the results of these studies so that authorities better understand and decrease the life difficulties of the families of addicted men. 510 Special Frequency of Cannabis Use in Patients Admitted to Psychiatry Emergency Ward Khalkhali M.R Najafi K Zahed GH Heidarzadeh A Nazifi F 1 10 2005 14 55 42 50 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Cannabis use is frequently found in patients suffering psychiatric disorders and studies show that it results in recurrence, need for rehospitalization, diminished efficacy of drugs and worsening of prognosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the relative frequency of cannabis users in patients admitted to psychiatry emergency ward of Shafa psychiatry hospital in Rasht ,Iran, during 2004-2005. Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, urinary test by RIA search for urinary metabolite of cannabis (THC…) and also an interview with pt their families was done for all pts having BPRS equal or more than 4, were tested through urinary test for Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC),the urinary metabolite of cannabis ,via Rapid immunoassay(RIA) and interview with patients and their families was done. Each patient was physically examined as well. Variables such as sex, age group, marital and educational status, place of residence and history of psychiatric problems were included in our assessment. Collected data were and analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact test (α = 0.05). Results: From 404 patients admitted to the emergency ward within 4 months, 20 were excluded for different reasons (such as discharge with own satisfactim, refusal inability to give urine sample). 384 were included in the study. Urine test for cannabis use was positive in 77(20.1%) cases who were all men (THC≥ 50 ng/ml), thus a significant relation was indicated between sex and positive urine test (p<0.001).In male patients bused on, Clinical interview and family interview proved 96(43.8%) and 184(84%) of them to be cannabis users, respectively. A significant statistical relation was drawn for the result of urine test and clinical diagnosis according to interview and physical examination (p<0.001). A similar relation was also found between the result of urine test and patient’s family report (p=0.024). Conclusion:According to the results of this study, a considerable fraction of patients admitted to psychiatric emergency ward are cannabis users in our hospital. Preventive ways are commended for lowering this frequency. 511 Special Resulted Outcome of Artificial Bone Transplant in Treatment of Bone Diseases Ebrahimzadeh A.R Khosravani Moghadam M.T Bargian A.H 1 10 2005 14 55 51 55 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Bone transplant can be used to repair bone defects for bone grafts, alograft, autograft and synthetic bonegraft can be mentioned. Autograft is the idea transplant. But due to complication and limitation in rate of bone and difficulty providing alograft, using synthetic bonegraft in repairing bone defects are becoming popular. Objective: The aim of this survey was to evaluate resulted outcome of artficial bone transplant in treatment of bone diseases. Materials and Methods: 62 patients with bone defects who needed bone graft during one year, under went Nova Bone graft. Follow-up data were analyzed according to graft failure and bone formation. Results:6 patients out of 62 faile to form calcium after 20 weeks of follow-up(9.7%). There were no other complications (infection and noninfection) Conclusion:Using SBG (including Nova Bone) has been advocated recently due to several problems in cluding Allografts and Autografts. Favorable results (90.3% calcium formation) in Patients with Nova Bone grafts (alone or in combination with auto & Allograft) Propose the regular use of it for patients need bone grafts 512 Special Assessment of Women’s Knowledge Regarding Postpartum Complications and Cares Asgharnia M Heidarzadeh A Zahiri Z Seyhani A.R Pormehr yabandeh L Oudi M 1 10 2005 14 55 56 62 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Mother and child health is one of the major concerns of public health throughout the world. Health education and increased knowledge of mothers in relation to their health is an important strategy for improving maternal and child health. Objective: The aim of this study was the survey of postpartum women’s knowledge about complications and cares after delivery. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that assesses postpartum women’s knowledge about postpartum complications and cares in Alzahra hospital in spring of 2003. The subjects were selected with convenience sampling method (non-probability) from women with the same case. A standard questionnaire (designed by ministry of health) was used to collect the data. This questionnaire consisted of a two-part questionnaire which included:(1) the demographics (2) assessment of knowledge level. After data collection, analysis was carried out with chi-square test by spss.10 software. Results: In this study, 384 women were assessed. Data showed that the mean age of the women was 26.50.3yrs. Only 10cases(2.6%)of women had university education. The majority of subjects were housewives 389(95.8%). An evaluation of their knowledge about postpartum complications and cares showed that 360 (93.8%) of them had very poor and 22(5.7%) of them had poor and 2(0.5%) of them had intermediate knowledge. The results indicated that there weren’t statistically significant relationship between age, parity and information source with level of knowledge (P>0.05)but there were significant correlations between education level and job with knowledge level.(P<0.05) Conclusion: Regarding the low level of the women’s knowledge about postpartum cares and complications, the researchers suggest on increasing knowledge levels by means of holding different classes and counseling sessions and also continuous visiting of the patients which can help them to reach this goal. 513 Special Relative Frequency of Gonococcal Endocervisitis and Some Associated Factors in Reproductive Age Women Abdollahiyan P Shodjai Tehrani H , Asghari SH Oudi M 1 10 2005 14 55 63 69 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Gonorrhoeae is one of the sexual transmitted diseases. It is often asymptomatic in women and can cause a variety of complications and sequelaes, if it is left untreated. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the relative frequency of gonococcal endocervisitis and some associated factors in women in reproductive age referring to Al-zahra hospital in Rasht from 2002 to 2003). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. In this study, all the women who reffered to Al-zahra maternity hospital for family planning and gynecologic disease in 2002-3 were assessed with sequential non-probability sampling .All of the women, who had inclusion criteria, were examined for cervical mucus assessment (for kind and amount). Culture of cervical mucus is a standard method for diagnosis of gonorrhoea infection. So they were referred to a specific laboratory for providing samples of cervical mucus to culture in Thayer-Martin medium. After this procedure, one pathologist evaluated smears. Data gathering form included demgraphics variables like age,education and …also cause of reffering ,kind of vaginal discharge,history of vaginal infection and treatment, contraceptive methods and results of culture. Analysis carried out with chi–square test by spss.10 software. Results: In this study, 1951 women were enrolled. Most of patients 1488(76.3%) were 21-40 years old.The first coitus age in majority of cases were 20-34 years old. 1136 cases (58.2%) had a history of vaginal infection, 1167women (59.8%)were in middle class socio-economic status. Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed in 11cases(0.6%) of cultures. There weren’t significant correlation between variations like age, first coitus age, parity, education level, socio- economic level, contraceptive methods and gonococcal infection. There was a significant statistical difference between muco-purulent vaginal discharge and gonococcal infection (p<0.004). Conclusion: Nevertheless, culture of the samples have sensitive, frequency of gonorrhoeae was similar to research that was carried out in Tehran (diagnosed with smear). In comparison with the prevalence of gonococcal infection in Asia,it was 4% and was limited to 0.6% in our study. It appears that the condition of cultural values in sexual relations, rate of gonococcal infection had decreased. 514 Special Prevalence of Major Abnormality and Some of Its Related Factors in Thenewborns in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol(2001) Hajian K Sharifi F.S Sharifzadeh-baii M Shareapour M 1 10 2005 14 55 70 75 29 01 2014 29 01 2014 Abstract Introduction: Today, congenital abnormality is a common cause of long term disability and mortality in children and it is one of the most important part of the medical problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalance of apparentmajor abnormality in the newborns who were born in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol(2001). Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at basis of 3756 hospital records in the newborn ward in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol(2001). The data ofabnormality status, type of abnormality, gestational age, maternal age, parity, backgrounddisease of mothers (diabetes mellitus and hypertension), weight and hight of newborn havebeen collected from hospital charts. The data was ananlyzed using SPSS software and logisticregression model. Results:The findings showed that the prevalence of apparent abnormality was 4 per 1000. the rate of abnomality have a significant association with gestational age and parity (P=0.000). But there is not a significant association with maternal age, sex of newborn, and background disease of mothers. The most common anormalities were: skeletal, urogenital,CNS, head and neck. Conclusion:The findings indicated that the prevalence of apparent major abnromality is lower in compared with other reports from Iran and other countries. This can be aconsequence differences in health status and detection methods or in defective data of underrepot in the hospital records. 516 Special Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus Among Hemodialysis Patients Dadgaran S.A 1 10 2005 14 55 76 86 08 02 2014 08 02 2014 Abstract Introduction: Hemodialysis Patients are at high risk of infection by Hepatitis C virus.A high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients has been reported. It causes chronic hepatitis ,and may lead to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatitis C is a major cause of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objective: This study intends to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis C virus infection among haemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed on a total of 393 patients in 10 Guilan Hemodialysis Centers. For this study a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions covering demographic data and risk factors of Hepatits C virus infection was designed .Laboratory records of Elisa II assay were used to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis is C virus infection.Data of this research were analysed by SPSS ver.10. Results: The results showed that 70 patients (17.8%) were infected to HCV. Also findings showed a significant relationship between duration of dialysis(P=0.0001), frequency of dialysis per week (P=0.0001), history of liver disease (P=0.0001, history of jaundice (P=0.003), history of kidney transplant (P=0.0001), history of contact with infected persons (P=0.0001), history of blood transfusion (P=0.0001), and higher rate of hepatitis C virus infection. There was no significant relationship between sex, age, marital status and hepatitis C infection. Conclusion:It is concluded that blood transfusion ,duration of hemodialysis, more weekly dialysis sessions, history of previous renal transplantation, history of blood transfusion and history of contact with infected persons, were major risk factors of Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients.Some useful strategies to reduce the risk of Hepatitis C virus infection based on this research findings include:1-Minimizing transfusion requirements by the use of Erythropoietin, 2- Implementing more sensitive screening methods to detect Hepatitis virus infection, 3-reducing the duration of the Hemodialysis period by early transplantation, 4-If possible, use separate machine for infected patients, 5-Stricter and more frequent enforcement of universal percautions may be required in hemodialysis centers. 517 Special Evaluation of Cellular Immunity of Patients with Brucellosis by Measuring Interferon Gamma (IFN-) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) By Flow Cytometry and ELISA Rafiei A.R Karimi nia A 1 10 2005 14 55 87 96 08 02 2014 08 02 2014 Abstract Introduction: The analysis of cytokine production is a valuable component of studies of immune response to stimulation such as pathogens, vaccines, and other immunological challenges. The animal findings Show that brucella infection induces cell-mediated responses. Some cytokines have an Important role in resistance to brucella infection. Objective: This Study is don’t to Poesent a orecise an useful unseparated whole blood of healthy normal and patients with acute and chronic brucellosis as the source of cells evaluation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-13 expression. Materials and Methods: Diluted whole blood samples of 27 patients with acute (14) and chronic brucellosis (n13), and sex and age-matched healthy volunteers (n=22) With Meanage of 35-33+ 21 were cultured in the presence of either mitogen heat inactivated bacteria or medium alone. Intracellular IL-13 and IFN-γ were measured by specific sandwich ELISA and flow Cytometry was detected by the number of cytokine-producing CD3+ cells. Results: Findings indicated that extrandintracellular specific IFN-Y in creased Cansiderably (P<0.001) in cute brucelles patients. not only IFN-γ production but also the number of IFN-γ- producing CD3 cells were significantly decreased in response to antigen in chronic group of patients. There was a reverse correlation between the number of IFN-γ-producing and IL-13-producing CD3 cells only in acute group which shows polarization of immune responses to Th1 in them. Conclusion: Although the percentage of CD3 IL-13-producing cells was dramatically high in the chronic group of patients, no correlation was found between the number of IFN--producing and IL-13-producing CD3 cells. In conclusion, the correlation of Th2 cytokines production and progression of chronic human brucellosis was not demonstrated. Nevertheless, diminished production of Th1 cytokines production in chronic group may suggest T cells unresponsiveness to Brucella antigen which helps prolongation of brucellosis in chronic patients. 518 Special Effective Factors on Self Management in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients Mansourghanaei R Ghanbari A Reza Masoleh SH Kazemnejad E 1 10 2005 14 55 97 102 08 02 2014 08 02 2014 Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and it is an increasing health problem worldwide. Due to increasing prevalence of diabetes and its related complications and costs, self management has become very important. Objective: This study was designed to determine effective factors on self management in insulin–dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) patients who referred to health therapeutic center in Rasht. Materials and methods: This research is a cross – sectional study. The sample consisted of 92 IDDM patients, who were selected by random sampling method . Data collection instrument was a four part questionnaire which covered demographic data, knowledge, perceived control and health belief of diabetes. In this research, self- management index included glycosylated hemoglobin and number of referrals to the center. In order to analyze the data, descriptive(mean,standard deviation) and inferential ( t-test , one way ANOVA, Tukey test, mann whitney—u , kruskal wallis , … ) were used . Results: Findings showed no statistically significant relationship between demographic data such as sex, age, marital status, education, employment status, health insurance status, duration of diabetes, place of living, presence of diabetic family members and sources of income with knowledge, locus of control and health belief. Also there was no significant relationship between complication with knowledge and health belief, but a significant relationship was indicated between complication with locus of control (p<0.004). The results indicated that the majority of the samples had poor knowledge (%59.8), unsatisfactory health belief (%71.7) and pour perceived control (%62). There was no significant relationship between knowledge , health belief and locus of control with glycosylated hemoglobin , number of referrals and self management . Conclusion: Identfication of effective factors on self management in educational & tharaputic planning for patients with D.M and Education of helth care workers and nursing education is important. 519 Special Compare the Effect of Porcelain Firing on the Bond Strength of a Two Base Metal of Iranian and Original Super Cast Neshandar H Jahandideh Y 1 10 2005 14 55 103 109 08 02 2014 08 02 2014 Abstract Introduction: The formation of oxides on the surface of the metal are proven to contribute to the formation of strong bonding. However, the base metal alloys are expected to exhibit more oxidation than high gold alloys, increase in oxide layer thickness due to repeated firing in them can reduce the bond strength. Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of porcelain firing on the bond strenght of of two base metal allays(I ranian super cast and original super cast) The cast of original alloy is more expensive that Iranian one and there was no Comparison between the bond strenght of these two alloys. Materials and Methods: A sample from both alloys with dimensions of 24× 6× 0.5 was obtained and applied on the middle one third of metal plates andther tested in a instrun 1195 machine and data were analyzed with student t test. (P0.05) Result: The mean of bond strenght Iranian super cast was 13 N and original was 13.13 N. Conclusion: That results showed no significant differences between bonds and (P=0.651) both alloys passed the ISO 9693 exam.