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1948 Special Examination of Observed Principles in Scientitic Writing of Research Dissertations of Medical Students Sobhani A.R Poor-Ramzan M Zaker-Naghibi S.A 1 4 1998 7 25 1 8 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT To acquire independence, development, and progress,one should pass the road of investigation which is somehow uneven. In our country the history of investigation ,especially in the field of medicine has not been so brilliant ,and medical investigations used to have no definite and continual process;and no firm invesigational structure have been observed. Students theses are one of the factors that has a close relation with investigation. Theses as investigational tools,are still unknown in our country as a helpful means for investigators in various scientific and technological fields,and have numerous defects,for instance non_scientific method of writing;and unlike other scientific records that follow a special methodology ,there are no constant rules in writing theses. The objective of this research was to recognize variouse defects in writing investigational theses of the students and to define the most common problems and to present them to managers so that they could take measures to eliminate the problems and defects as desired. In this retrospective study,267 theses available in the"central library of Guilan University of Medical Sciences",written during 1370-75 by general practitioner graduates of the university,were studied using a scientifically designed evaluationalquestionaire (mostly derived from Vancover methodology),evaluating the thesis for complying with scientific basis of writing in all parts (abstract, introduction, materials and methods,results ,discussion and reference). The study findings were as follows:only 15.4% of theses were evaluated as excellent (expected), and the rest 84.6% were deficient at various degrees which were classified in terms of quality into good 29.9%,intermediate 34.8%,and bad 19.9%.The most defective parts were references and discussion, that by order 56.5% and 37.1% of the least defective part was the results in which 68.1% of theses were of excellent quallity. Regarding the spread and depth of the existing defects,it becomes clear that solving educational problems and preparing necessary possibilities,is not enough in raising the quality level of thesis writing and re-evaluation and fundamental modifications in conventional system of education are essential. 1949 Special A Five Year Study on Dissertations of Medical Students in Guilan University of Medical Sciences From 1369 to 1373 .Mansour.Ghanaie ‌F .Shafaghi A .Faridi M .Nikzad H .Azimi A 1 4 1998 7 25 9 15 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT Research in various fields of medical sciences will lead to promotion in this knowledge. Research is a serious activity in medical college and other fields of science. It is a main portion of university activities that must be performed by students,educators and professors in various fields of sciences. This study has been carried out to examine medical dissertations and to specify its place in research activities(research, translation, introduction of disease,case reports and review of literatures)during five years(1369-1373)in Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Data collection method included observation and record in questionnaire. The data were analysed by chi-square and the significant criteria were measured(P<0.05). In this investigation ,our results show that from 180 selected dissertations, the most frequency was related to graduate students in 1372, and consisted of 26/7% all dissertations. The most frequency of educational fields was related to general surgery (20%)and after that there were cardiology pediatrics,internalmedicine,gynecology respectively.51% of male students'dissertations were related to general and special surgical fields, while,31% of female students had completed surgery thesis,but as regards pediatrics field, the female dissertations were more than those of male students. This difference was statistically significant.(p<0.01). In investigation of different kinds of dissertateions ,the most frequency was related to the cases of disease (67/8%)and the lowest rate was related to translation dissertation.(1/7%) In our research, 95/5% of dissertations had abstracts and 26/6% of them were used as correct model for resource-writing based on Van Cover framework. We recommend that students be ecouraged to write research dissertations and also, we offer that a consistent framework be provided for this intention by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. 1950 Special Evaluation of the Dissertation of Graduates from Qazvin University Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences Asefzadeh Saeed Kalantari Zahra 1 4 1998 7 25 16 22 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT Background: Qazvin University of Medical Sciences produces about 60 general practitioners,40 general dentists and 20 specialists each year and the students will be graduated by presenting their theses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the theses of all graduates from 1993-1998. 244 theses were reviewed by the writers and the data were collected in checklists. Of 244 theses, 209 were written by interns,28 by deristry students and 13 by the vesidents. 241 dissertations were supervised by clinical supervisors and the rest by professors pf basic sciences. The frequency destribution of the subjects were 25% pediatrics,17.6% internal medicine, 11.5% surgery. On the aspect of research design, 15.6% were desk studies or review articles,79.9% descriptive ,11.2% analytic observational and only 0.8% experimenal .when considering Considering the manner of making -up and presentation „much irregularities were found.21.87 / had failed in writing abstracts,problemdefinitions,objectives,litrature review results and discussion. The most frequent weaknesses were on litraturereview,material and methods and references. It is concluded that all supervisors and students should attend research methodology workshops before selecting a research topic.   1951 Special The Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Rat:A Golgi and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunohistochemical Study Noyan Ashraf M.H Behzadi G Glanbari A.A Gazour R Ansar M.M 1 4 1998 7 25 23 29 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei(SCN),located in the anterior basal forebrain are responsible for important biological rhythms in physiology and behaviour in mammals. Mechanisms underlying these rhythm production is one of the most exciting fields in biology and medicine.One possible way to achieve this goal, is to find out more details about the microanatomy of the nuclei and their connections with other regions in the central nervous system. In this study ,morphology of the neurons located in the SCN were determined using a Golgi impregnation method. An immunohistochemical technique for catecholamine synthesis rate limiting enzyme,i.e.tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),was also used to study the morohology and distribution of TH positive neurons and fibers in the SCN and the periSCN region of the brain of young male albino rats. Our results according to golgi staining showed that there are at least 5 morphologically discussed neurons in the SCN .Immunoreactive TH-positive neurons and fibers were also detected in and around the nuclei. Possible importance of different neuronal subtypes for function of the SCN were disscused and it was also emphasized that the adult SCN is under the influence of the catecholaminergic system that could affect its pacemaker function 1952 Special A Study on Frequency of lesions Due to Trauma in Intra-abdominal Organs .Behboodi F 1 4 1998 7 25 30 35 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT One thousand patients with blunt or penetrating trauma, admitted to Poursina Hospital were evaluated concerning the clinical presentations, special diagnostic procedures, management modalities, and the rate of morbidity and mortality.during a 4 year period since 1373 to 1376.Male to female ratio was 9:1. The type of injury was blunt in 688 cases and penetrating in the remaining 312 patients. This work revealed that out of 288 patients with blunt trauma which were managed by mandatory modality,there were 51 cases of negative laparotomies, and 52 missed intra abdominal lesions. It was also concluded that selective operative management on the basis of the peritoneal lavage, CT scan,sonography and IVP findings,was associated with a high percentage of negative laparotomies in this medical center.The rates of morbidity and mortality were higher than those in control group. 1953 Special Comparison of Three Bacterial Susceptibility Tests for Nitrofurantoin .Karamedini M.Kh .Jahanshahi A 1 4 1998 7 25 36 44 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT In this research, during one year, the antibacterial efficacy of Nitrofurantoin versus four species of gram-negative bacteria(Collected of UTis patients)is measured and compared by Disk-Agar Diffusion Method „Macrodiution Broth Method and Microdilution Broth Method in Ghaem University Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The rates of Nitrofurantoin's MIC50 & MIC90 for all of the studied bacteria except Klebsiellagenus(4 fold) by Macrodilution Broth Method were two fold similar MIC rates by Microdilution broth Method. The sensitivity rates of E.coli and Staph.saprophyticus to Nitrofurantoin were more than Enterobacter and Klebsiellaspecies.Proteus bacteria mirabilis was very resistant. In the Disk-Agar Diffusion Method,the sensitivity rates of bacteridisolated from out-patients to Nitrofurantoin were more than those in hospitalized patients. 1954 Special A Report of 50 Surgical Operations on Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts in Children Under 12 years .Aghajanzadeh M .Abbasi A .Sarshad A 1 4 1998 7 25 45 51 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease with high incidence in Iran and can contaminate every organ of body.Liver is involved in 80% of contaminations. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment options are known clearly in adults, but age of frequency,ways of manifestations and treatment methods have not been examined in children properly.Thus, to clear the above mentioned points,50 cases of patients with hydatid cyst disease operated in university hospitals have been studied retrospectively. Ages of patients were between 3-12 years.62% of them were males and 38% females.8% of them were accidentally discovered and 92% had referred with symptoms of cough,sputum, dyspnea,andhemoptysis.Hemoptysis was seen in 30% of Cases,and 8% of them had intact hydatid cyst. Diagnostic method in 80% was Chest X-ray,and biochemical tests were not helpful. Unlike adults,92% of children with hydatid cyst had referred with complications of cysts. Posterolateral thoracotomy was carried out.In 2% of cases,cysts were evacuated and bronchial opening sutured. In the rest of cases,intra cystectomy or lobectomy were done.For obliteration of the cavity,capitonnage was not performed and no problem occured. In 8%,wound infection was observed and no mortality was seen.Our survey indicated that the majority of hydatid cysts in children are associated with complications and involvement in all age groups. Operations are similar to adults and children tolerated them better. 1955 Special Teratogenic Effects of Vitamin A on Neurulation in Mouse Embryo Rezaei N Jalli M Nikravesh M.R Fazel A.R 1 4 1998 7 25 52 61 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT In this study we have tried to analyse the effect of vit.A ampule(retinol )on formation of neural tube (neurulation)in mouse (balb/c)embryo to determine the critical time of its formation and the optimum teratogenic dose of this substance in the experimental induction of neral tube defects(NTD). After we observed the vaginal plug(v.p=0day),mated animals were divided into two groups ,control and experimental ones. The experimental group was subdivided into three groups as A,B,C.VIT.A ampule was injected intraperitoneally by insulin syring in the doses of 1x15000 IU(in group A at 8 a.m),2x100001.U in group B both at 8 a.m and at 14 p.m),2x15000 IU(in group C both at 8a.m and at 14 p.m)on 7th to 10th days of gestation. The embryos were recovered by caesarin section on the 17th day and prepared for morphological investigations.No NTD were observed in cotrol group and group A of experimental embryos,but NTD were observed in group B and C of experimental embryos. The most NTD were observed in groups B and C on the 8th day of gestation which had 6.9% and 9.7% respectively We conclude that the most critical period for neurulation in mouse embryo is on 8th day of gestation(corresponds to about 22nd day in human embryo). Therefore certain teratogenic agents may interfere with their normal development .Also the optimum teratogenic dose of Vit .A in the experimental induction NTD is 2x10000 I.U,which was given both at 8a.m and 14p.m of the 8th day of gestation. This effect may be related to excessive cell death in regions of physiological cell deth in embryological tissues. Furthermore Vitamin.A could lead to increase in mortality rate,decrease in weight,decrease in cranio-caudal length,and morphological defects.   1956 Special Examination of Phenotypes and Inhibitory Activation of Alpha 1-Anti trypsin in Patients with Amphysema Saheb-ghadam-lotfi A. .Saber S .HamidiAlamdary D 1 4 1998 7 25 62 68 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT Alpha 1-Antitrypsin is one of the most important serine protease in human serum,inhibiting several proteases.As an inhibitor of proteases it is a non-specific lever in humoral defence of the body. Its level increases significantly under the infections condition of pregnancy. The health of lung,too, depends on maintaininig the equilibrium of protease antitrypsin ,and Alpha 1-trypsin plays an important role in this equilibrium. Thus,determination of its level in degenerative diseases of lung tissue is of great importance.Because of genetic diversity,this enzyme has numerous isoenzymes and it constitutes different phenotypes,depending on the type of the disease. Allele quantities of these antiproteases vary. In this examination, of 30 male patients presenting to the pulmonary Ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran (mean age 47.37+18.47), blood sample was taken.Previously,Pulmonary emphysema was confirmed in these patients by their physicians. Of 30 male volunteers with mean age of 30.73+5.39,blood sample was taken. TIC was measured by spectrometry and by an appropriate substrate. Phenotypes, also,were determined with assistance of the standard serum prepared by World Reference Laboratory of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin in Norway.The results indicate that the rate of TIC in patients and in control individuals has a significant difference(P<0.05).Determination of phenotypes suggest consistency of phenotypes as well as the alleles of patients and the controls. Therefore,it can be concluded that,firstly,since all patients had normal phenotype, the role of genetic factors in occurance of emphysema isn't dramatic.Secondly, despite the high rate of TIC in patients, phenotypes are normal .Thus through the rate of TIC ,one can not determine the phenotypes accurately and more reliable procedures such as focal electrophoresis are required. 1957 Special Bacteriologic and Epidemiologic Study on the Patients Suspected to Have Cholera in Khouzestan, Iran .Kajbaf M.J .Mashhadizadeh M.A 1 4 1998 7 25 69 73 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT During a period of two successive years, 1990 and 1991, about 28000 rectal swabs, including limited numbers of drinking and sewage water,which had been collected from patients suspeccted to have cholera,were studied for the presence of Vibrio choleraeserogroup 01. These patients were residents of all the parts of KhouzestanProvince,Soutwest of Iran. In this research, vibrio cholerae01.biotypeEltor was isolated from 0.13% of patients in 1990 and from 0.71% in 1991, respectively.In 1990, prevalent serotypes were Inaba52%, Ogawa 22%. The majority of patients were under 5 years and there was no significant difference according to sex.Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the rate of resistance was as follows:Streptomycin 73%,Ampicillin 56%,Tetracylin 41%, Trimethoprim Sulphamethoxazole 4%, Erythromycin 4%, Chloramphenicol 0% and polymyxin B 0%. Thus,prevalence of bacteria was not high but resistance to some antibiotics was noticed.Presence of many bacteria other than serogroup 01 deserves further investigation(1)   1958 Special A Case Report of Congenital Infection Caused by Cytomegal Virus Blooki –Moghaddam K Karmbin M.M 1 4 1998 7 25 74 76 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 Abstract Cytomegalo Virus has worldwide distribution and is the most common cause of congenital infections. Acquisition of C.M.V is nearly always asympttomatic. Primary C.M.V infection acquired during pregnancy is associated with 30% to 40% risk of congenital infection. After reactivation of latent infection in mother,this rate decreases to 1% to 30%.Fetus involvement may be accompanied by severe clinical manifestation such as corioretintis, hepatosplen.megally,icterus,and IUGR or may be symptomatic only with hearing loss in the later life.Central nervous System (CNS) involvement with CMV results in encephalitis, periventricular calcification. The most common manifestation of congenital C.M.V is hearing loss. It occurs in 15% of infants with asymptomatic congenital infection and in about 5% of those with asymptomatic infection at birth. The hearing loss may be unilateral or bilateral. A 50-day-old infant with hepatosplenomegally, growth retardation,andmicrocephally was admitted to Hefdah-e-Shahrivar Hospital. Brain CT Scan showed microcephaly,calcification of periventricular areas. In the lab tests on the infants,C.M.V, titer 1/128 positive ,and on mother's C.M.V,titer 1/64 positive was found. 1959 Special 1 4 1998 7 25 77 79 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 1960 Special Progressive External Ophthalmo plegia Ebrahim H Ghadiri B Dabiri sh 1 4 1998 7 25 80 84 16 03 2019 16 03 2019 ABSTRACT Progressive external opnthalmoplegia plus anisocoria is a slowly progressive myopathy primarily involving and often limited to the extraocular muscles .Simultaneous involvement of all extraocular muscles permits the eyes to remain in a central position , so that strabismus and diplopia are uncommon ( in rare instances,one eye is affected before the other one ). This disorder usually begins in childhood,sometimes in adolescence ,and rarely in adult life. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant, in some recessive or uncertain in others. As the patient attempts to raise his eywlids and to see under them, the head is thrown back and frontalis muscle is contracted , wrinkling the forehead (Hutchinsonian faces). This case is a 37 year old woman that since two years noticed diplopia and then ptosis of left side.At now in examination ,total movements of eyes are decreaesd and Hutchinsonian faces and left anisocoria are seen. 1961 Special 1 4 1998 7 25 85 92 16 03 2019 16 03 2019