2024-03-28T15:31:02+03:30 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=24&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Survey the Effect of Feeding of Allium Latifolium on Contractile Reactivity of Aorta of Diabetic Rats M Roghani mehjour@yahoo.com T Baluchnejadmojarad K Ogbi Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disorders and atherosclerosis. With regard to antidiabetic potential of derivatives of Allium latifolium (AL), the effect of oral administration of this plant on the contractile reactivity of isolated aorta in diabetic rats was investigated during 6 weeks. Objective: Survey the Effect of Feeding of Allium Latifolium on Contractile Reactivity of Aorta of Diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this study male wistar rats (n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, AL-treated control, diabetic, and AL-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.) was used. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant-mixed standard pelleted food (6.25%) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, contractile reactivity of aortic rings to KCl and nor adrenaline was determined by using isolated tissue setup. Results: Serum glucose level in diabetic group increased during 6 weeks after the experiment as compared with one week before the study (p<0.001) AL treatment of diabetic rats showed a significant hypoglycemic effect (p<0.01). In addition, the latter group showed a lower contraction to KCl (P<0.05) and nor adrenaline (P<0.01) as compared with diabetic group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between control and AL-treated control groups regarding contractile reactivity. Conclusion: use of Oral administration of AL for 6 weeks can attenuate the contractile responsiveness of the vascular system and this may prevent the development of hypertension in diabetic rats. Aortic disorders Diabetes mellitus medicinal plants Rats 2008 4 01 1 6 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Survey the Ratio of Random Urine Protein to Creatinine and 24 Hours Urine Protein as a Alternative Method for Diagnosis of Preeclampsia S.H Sharami sharami@gums.ac.ir F Fakour Z Atrkar Roshan M Shakiba M Honarbakhsh Abstract Introduction: Preeclampsia is the most common complication of pregnancies and one of the three major causes of maternal mortality. So diagnosis of disease and minimizing the complications on mother and newborn is very important. Objective: Determine the association between the ratio of random urine protein to creatinine and 24-hour urine protein in women with suspected preeclapmsia who referred to Alzahra hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty women with suspected preeclampsia at>20 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively. The ratio of protein to creatinine and 24-hour urine protein was obtained. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation and ROC curve. Results: Thirty five percent of the studied population had significant proteinuria. There was a significant moderate correlation between the ratio of protein to creatinine and 24-hour total protein (r=0.511, p-value< 0.0001). The area under the curve was 82% (%95 CI, 0.72-0.93). The data suggest that a cut-off equal or more than 0.22 has the most sensitivity, specifity, and predictive value. Conclusion: According to the results, the ratio of random protein to creatinine was not moderately correlated with the standard test of 24-hour urine protein and can not be performed as the alternative method for diagnosis of preeclampsia. Creatinine Preeclampsia Proteinuria 2008 4 01 7 14 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Evaluation the Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection after Elective Colorectal Operations K Shamimi M Alaviyon M_alavion1@yahoo.com F Moazami S.M Jalali Abstract Introductions: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most commonly reported nosocomial infection among hospital surgical inpatients. Determining measurable perioperative factors for SSI may provide information on reducing complications and improving outcome. Objective: Assess the predictive risk factors of tissue and wound complications in open colorectal operation patients. Materials and Methods: We studied 186 consecutive patients who underwent elective colorectal operation (due to pathologies such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, familial adenomatous polyposis and so on) in a cohort study between February 2004 and September 2006 in a tertiary hospital. The main outcome of surgical site infection included incision or organ/space. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the independent association of every factor with SSI. Also odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.4±16.5 year, and 50.5% were females. The most common preoperative diagnoses included colorectal cancer (84.9%) and familial adenomatous polyposis (10.7%). Eighteen (9.7%) of patients suffered SSI. Of measured variables, mechanical preparation with an OR=0.053 & p value=0.002, smoking (OR=29.422 and p value=0.011), type of wound (OR=12.87 and p value=0.01), operation time (OR=3.14 and p value=0.001) and colostomy (OR=12.42 and p value=0.019) independently predicted SSI. Conclusions: The incidence of SSI in patients who underwent elective colorectal operation in present study could conform to results of the previous studies literature. Perioperative mechanical preparation, smoking, type of wound, operation time and colostomy independently predicted. Colorectal Surgery Risk Factors Surgical wound Infection 2008 4 01 15 25 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Microscopic Survey of Periapical Lesions in Extracted Teeth F Shahsavari shaahsavari@gums.ac.ir R Habibzadeh Abstract Introduction: Some of periapical lesions could be observed in a radiograph but the exact diagnosis is reach after microscopic evaluation. Unfortunately, in many cases periapical lesions are not diagnose because lack of a radiograph and then the dentist may pull the lesion out completely or incompletely. In this situation remains of the lesion can creat next problems. Objective: Determine frequency of periapical lesions among extracted teeth and classify them according to microscopic evaluation. Materials and Methods: This is a cross- sectional study. It was done in dental’s offices and clinics in Rasht during 8 weeks, forty two lesions were collected among 5900 extracted teeth. The information was recorded and the lesions were sent within formalin10% to Pathology Laboratory in Poursina Hospital. The lesions were sliced by microtome, Stained (H and E), and then they were observed by a pathologist. The lesions were classified and statistical analysis was done by EPI calculator and SPSS 11.5. Results: 42 teeth (0.71%) had periapical lesions among 5900 extracted teeth. After microscopic evaluation the lesions were classified as periapical granuloma (57.14%), periapical cyst (33.33%) and other lesions (9.53%). In this study the frequency of the lesions was similar in both sex, and patients often were between 3rd to 5th decades of their life. The must frequent location of the lesions in the jaw was in the posterior of maxilla, posterior of mandible, anterior of maxilla and anterior of mandible consequently. Conclusion: Almost there are seven periapical lesions among 1000 extracted teeth. Although the frequency of periapical lesions seems to be infrequent, all the periapical lesions should be sent to laboratory because lesions like mural ameloblastoma and traumatic bone cyst might be needed different treatment. Perpapical ِ Diseases Periapical Granuloma Radicular Cyst Tooth Extraction 2008 4 01 26 34 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-324-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity in Placenta and two Months Infant M.J Saffar saffar@fofthome.net A Khalilian A Ajami H Saffar A Qaheri Abstract Introduction: Maternal immunization provides potential means for protecting infants against some infections with universal application. Objective: This study was designed to determine the levels of immunity against Diphtheria and Tetanus in mothers & their two mounths old infants who reffered for vaccination, and evaluate the relation of mothers vaccination on their infants immunity and determine the ratio of mothers who didn’t observe the vaccination during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 110 mother-infant pairs before DTwP vaccination and from 69 infants after receipt of three doses of DTP vaccine. Anti diphtheria, anti tetanus toxins IgG levels were measured by ELIZA. History of DT vaccination of mothers at pregnancy was recorded .The mean concentration of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus in mother and their infants before vaccination and in infants after receipt of 3doses of DTwP vaccine were measured and compared by paired t-test. Results: Of 110 mothers, 22 (20%) did not receive dT vaccine. Of these 22 unvaccinated mothers, one (4.5%) and six (27.2%) were serologically susceptible to tetanus and diphtheria respectively. The mean concentrations of antibodies titers of unvaccinated mothers were significantly lower than vaccinated mothers. All infants acquired immunity against both infections after receipt of three doses of DTP vaccine. Infants’ immune response to DTP was not affected by maternal immunization Conclusion: Diphtheria – tetanus toxoids components of DTP vaccine were highly immunologenic, According to lack of vaccination in pregnancy, more effort must be made to increase the coverage rate of this highly immunogenic vaccine to sustain protection against diphtheria and tetanus Diphtheria Diphtheria Tetanus- Pertussis Vaccine Infant Immunity Placenta pregnancy Tetanus Tetanus Vaccine 2008 4 01 35 43 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-325-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Survey of Prevalence, Etiology and Associated Factors of Heart Murmurs and Extrasounds in the First-Grade Students in Rasht, 2006-7 S.H Voshtani Shv-md14@yahoo.com H Esmaeili A.R Sobhani Abstract Introduction: Heart murmurs are common findings of physical examination of children, but most of them are innocent. Recognizing the etiology and associated factors with heart murmurs can help us in differential diagnosis of them. In attention to high prevalence of heart murmurs and low prevalence of congenital heart diseases in children, diagnosis of the innocent murmur with pathologic murmur is important. Objective: Determine the prevalence of heart murmurs and extra sounds, etiology and associated factors in the heart of the first-grade students in Rasht, 2006-7. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4080 first-grade students in Rasht. At first, all students were examined by educated physicians and the cases with positive findings in cardiovascular examination were referred to the clinic of pediatric cardiology hospital. Echocardiography, Electrocardiography and if it was necessary Chest X ray, Angiography and Laboratory evaluations were performed for the students with a murmur and heart extra sound who were examined by pediatric cardiologist. Following the determination of definitive diagnosis and complementary history from the parents of the children, all collected data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Results: Among 4080 students (2055 boys,2025girls), 320students (7.8%) had a heart murmur and extra sound that among of them 292 students(7.15%) had a murmur and 52 students (1.27%) had a extra sound .The prevalence of innocent and pathologic murmurs in the girls were (4.88% and 2.12%) and in the boys were (4.91% and 2.38%), respectively . The prevalence of congenital heart diseases (except MVP) were 1.8%, including MR (0.93%), TR (0.51%), TVP (0.147%), VSD (0.12%), PS (0.12%), ASD (0.07%), PI (0.07%),AS(0.02%),PDA(0.02%),PPH(0.02%) and Ebstein anomaly (0.02%). The prevalence of MVP was 2.38% and in the girls it was 1.2 times more than in the boys (p<0.05). The most frequency of pathologic murmurs were in the children which their mothers were 35-39 years old (51%). The relative frequency of pathologic murmurs in the children, which their mothers used ranitidine and NSAID in the pregnancy, were higher than in other groups. The relative frequency of pathologic murmurs in the children, which their mothers used hair dyes during pregnancy (37%) was higher than the other group (28%). Conclusion: The present study confirms previous studies, which murmurs are most common finding in children and most of them are innocent. There is no requirement for diagnostic and therapeutic modality. On the other hand, children with pathological murmurs ought to be referred to a pediatric cardiologist for evaluation and treatment. Child Heart Defects- Congenital Heart Murmurs Heart sounds Prevalence 2008 4 01 50 58 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Survey of Women’s Knowledge about Aids in Rasht 2006 SH Seyam sh_seyam@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global problem that is spreading in all countries of the world and our country too. Thus, befor the salient prevalence of this diseas must be controlled it. In this way we need the training for increasing of the person’s knowledge. Objective: Determin Rasht women’s knowledge about Aids and evaluat relation between knowledge and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. Women were selected by cluster random sampling in different area of Rasht. The questionnaire and interview were used for collection of data and information. The findings and data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: The level of knowledge was distinguished base on their information about transmission and prevention and affection of Aids. The results showed 60.22% of women had low and 29.67% medial and 10.11% high information about Aids. In this study, (96%) of women believed to necessary of training about Aids and majority of them mentiond radio and television are the best ways for education Also, There are significant relation between variable such as: age,level of education,Occupation, marital status with knowledge of Aids. Conclusion: By attention to low level of women’s knowledge about Aids, suggested more training about transmission and prevention ways of Aids for reducing of it’s affection. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Knowledge Women 2008 4 01 59 67 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-328-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Comparison the Number of Triaged Patients in Three Working Shift in Poursina Hospital in Rasht A Dehnadi Moghadam Anoush17ir@yahoo.com SH Yousef zade chabok H Hemati S Shabani Abstract Introduction: Triage defined as selecting patients based on the severity of injury and performing the best management for the majority of patients in a short time. Triage is a strong administrative tool for providing emergency services. According to situations, it divided into: normal urgent triage and emergent condition triage. The former is performed in emergency ward of a hospital and the latter in the accident field. Objective: Comparison of the number of triaged patients in normal urgent condition at different triage levels in accordance with months of the spring and three working shifts. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed in Poursina teaching hospital during three months of the spring (21 March-21 June 2006). Patients triaged in three working shifts. Data were registered in Emergency Service Work Shifts Form (approved by Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education). According to this form, patients were classified to inpatients and outpatients groups, then they allocated to one of the following levels: Emergent, Urgent, and Non-urgent. Results: Among 30.746 admitted patients, 25.525(82.97%) were outpatients, 5.214 (16.95%) were inpatients, and 25(0.08%) died. 203(3.89%) patients transported by EMS ambulances, 960 (18.41%) by referee hospital ambulances, and 4.051 (77.70%) by themselves or others. The mean number of inpatients on night shift had a statistically significant difference of morning and evening shifts. The same was true for outpatients between morning and evening and night shifts. The majority of inpatients, 2.104 (40.30%) admitted on the night shift and the majority of outpatients, 12.443 (48.21%) on the morning shift. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of triaged patients at the emergent and urgent levels among the three work shifts (night vs. morning and evening shifts, p< 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the majority of admissions on the night shift, pay more attention to this shift can play a pivotal role in saving lives. Therefore, it appears that conducting more studies about the different aspects of this issue is necessary. Emergency Service- Hospital Trauma Triage 2008 4 01 68 76 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Survey of Precipitating Factors of Suicide Attempts in Persons Who Referred to Emergency Department H Sheikholeslami sheikholeslami@yahoo.com K Kani A Ziaee Abstract Introduction: Survey of suicide attempts and its precipitating factors is important because 30% to 60% of suicides were preceded by an attempt, and 10% to 40% of suicide attempters eventually kill themselves. Objective: to assess the precipitating factors of suicide attempts and to evaluate relation between general psychiatric symptoms and repetition of suicidal attempts. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectioned study which included 575 suicide attempts patients who referred to Boali sina hospital in Qzvin between 2004 and 2005 years. All patients completed a self- report questionnaire and questionnaire about socio-demographic and family variables and other general and specific characteristics. Results: The mean age of patients who attempted suicide ware 23.2±8.2 years (the ratio of female to male was 1:2.4 and range of 13 to 74 years old). The most suicide attempt was between 15 to 24 years-old in both sexes. The most common method of suicide attempts was drug-poisoning for both sexes in all areas, Self-poisoning with agricultural pesticides in rural areas. The most common precipitating problems that were reported by the patients were conflict between married couples and parents, break up of a love relationship and mental illnesses. Mean total and subscales scores on GHQ was significantly higher in patients with history of previous attempt. Conclusion: According to Economic- cultural and social difference there are pivotal differences in suicidal behaviors and suicide precipitating factors in different countries. And prevention of suicidal behaviors and control of its precipitating factors need a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach rather than an intervention inside the health sector. Epidemiology Iran Suicide 2008 4 01 77 87 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 The Comparison of Different Propofol Dose for Anesthesia Induction Based on BIS (bispectral index) Monitoring B Naderi Naderi_bahram@yahoo.com M Haghighi A Sedighinezhad A Mohammadzade B Mirzazadeh Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a new intravenous hypnotic drug that in combine with a short acting opioid have been used in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). The BIS provides additional information for standard monitoring techniques to recognize depth of sleep and achieve the appropriate dose of drug. Objective: Comparison of different propofol dose for anesthesia induction based on BIS (bispectral index) monitoring. Materials and Methods: forty five patients with ASA class I,II who underwent surgical operation on leg fracture were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group A with a propofol dose of 1mg/kg, Group B at a dose of 1.5mg/kg and Group C at a dose of 2mg/kg were studied .Remifentanyl (0.5mcg/kg) was added to propofol as opioid drug. The method of BIS index (50-60) has been used for determination of consciousness level and the depth of sleep and for achieving the appropriate dose of propofol. The patients were evaluated to determine occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, the presence of intubation movement and the autonomic signs. Results: The mean levels of BIS was 58.8±9.85 in the Group A, 50.2±6.55 in Group B, and 44±5.65 in Group C. Comparison between the mean levels of BIS revealed that the Group A was significantly different with the other two groups(p=0.009).Optimum level of BIS was significantly different in 3 groups .group B (%66.7), group A (%40), group C(%20), less than of all groups (P=0.034). Hypertension incidence following intubation in group A was 33.3% and Group B was (%6.7)and in group C wasn’t any hypertension which detected a significantly different between three groups(P=0.018). Regarding to need further propofol dose, there was a significant difference(P<0.001). In group A, it was in %40 of cases, and in groups B and C it was not observed. Regarding to tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, movement and autonomic signs, there was no significantly different between 3 groups. Conclusion: It was appeared that group A is not appropriate due to incompatible with BIS, need Further propofol dose and hypertension. Considering the best BIS level in group B and lack of any benefit in group C for further propofol in achieving the optimum level of BIS (50-60), can be concluded that group B with propofol (1.5mg/kg) is the best dose for achieving the desired level of BIS with remifentanil at the mentioned dose. BIS Propofol TIVA 2008 4 01 88 93 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 FDG-PET/CT Scan in Different Non- Hodgkin Lymhoma According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification System A Yousefi-Koma ayousefikoma@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification Lymphoid neoplasms are categorized into 3 major groups: Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) of B-cell or T-cell/natural killer (NK) cell origin. Few dedicated reports have been published about metabolic imaging by FDG-PET CT in different subtypes of NHL accordig to who classification.. Objective: Determine the reliability of FDG-PET-C Tin detection of different subtypes of NHL according to using the WHO classification. Materials and Methods: In a total of 164 patients with a histological proven non-Hodgkin lymphoma, FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed for staging (n=138) and restaging (n=26). FDG-uptake pattern according to different lymphoma subtypes was qualitatively evaluated Results: Distinctive FDG-uptake could reliably be seen in one site of all patients with DLBCL (n=77), mediastinal large b-cell lymphoma (n=12), mantel cell lymphoma(n=5), PTLD (n=5), anaplastic large cell (t cell) lymphoma (n=6), precursor B lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=1), plasmacytoma of sternum (n=2), splenic marginal zone lymphoma(n=1), precursor t lymphoblastic lymphoma of thymus (n=1), extranodal NK/t cell NHL NASAL type (n=3), primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell (t cell) lymphoma (n=2), angioimmuoblastic t cell lymphoma(n=1) and Burkitt lymphoma (n=2). One case of small lymphocytic lymphoma and one case of CLL were not detected by PET/CT. Evaluation of follicular lymphoma (86% positive) and MALT lymphoma (83% positive) revealed less reliable results. Conclusion: T-cell lymphomas and most B-cell lymphomas can be reliably evaluated by FDG-PET/CT imaging. non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma FDG PET-CT world health organization (WHO) 2008 4 01 94 99 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Cigarette Smoking Among Male High School Students in Rasht Z Mohtasham Amiri mohtashamaz@yahoo.com S Cirus Bakht S.R NikRavesh Rad Abstract Introduction: Numerous studies have indicated that more than 80% of adult current smokers started cigarette smoking before age 18 years. Early smoking initiation predicted longer duration of smoking, heavier daily consumption, and increase of chance of nicotine dependence. Objective: Determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among male high school students in Rasht (2002). Methods and Materials: This is a cross sectional study, self– completion anonymous questionnaires were administered by 1400 male high school students. Who were selected base on a clustered sampling. The questionnaire consist of two sections, section one dealt with sociodemographic data, including age, education, marital status, parent’s education, cigarette use among parents and other family members and section two assessed details of use of cigarette at present time. Use or disuse of cigarette, rate of daily consumption, time of the first consumption, effective factors on consumption and tendency of leave of cigarette. Data were analyzed with SPSS 9 version and χ² test and multinomial logistic regression were used. Results: Among 1400 students 92% (1297 students) responded. The mean age of them was 16.2 ± 0.9 years (range from 14 to 18 years). 366 subjects (28.2%) were ever smokers and 195 subjects (15%) were current smokers. Among current smokers, 54.6% were irregular smokers, 45.5% were daily smokers that 24.8% were daily smokers with more than 1 cigarette per a day. Among smokers, the mean age for starting smoking was12.8 ± 2 years. In logistic regression models, cigarette use by friends and family members, history of failing in high school were associated with smoking. Conclusion: This study showed that cigarette smoking is important health problem among high school students. Its control need appropriate preventive programs in high school. Adoleslence Epidemiology Smoking Students 2008 4 01 100 107 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Comparison of the CRP and ESR Levels between Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Control Group M Yaghmaei yaghmaeim@yahoo.com M Mokhtari M Roudbari M Harati H Rashidi S Dabiri Z Moodi Abstract Introduction: Low grade chronic inflammation can predict persons with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes. Women with Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and have high risk for CHD and type 2 diabetes. Objective: Evaluate the correlation between low grade chronic inflammation and PCOS. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on 27 women with PCOS who were defined base on irregular menstruation and elevated androgen (clinical hyperandrogenism or hyperandrogenemia) and 27 healthy women who were matched as a control group base on similar body mass index (BMI) and age. CRP, ESR, SHBG and Testosterone were measured in all women in both groups. Determine of insulin resistance was assessed by estimation the ratio of FBS/ to Fasting insulin. The mean of testosterone, SHBG, CRP, ESR and the ratio of FBS/ to Fasting Insulin in the two groups were compared by t- test and the correlation between BMI, testosterone, SHBG and ratio of FBS/ to fasting insulin with CRP and ESR were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The finding showed: the mean of CRP was significantly difference in two groups and it was more in case group. (549/67 ± 378/38 & 2566 ± 10/22, P<0/001). The mean of ESR was 14/85 ± 12/22 and 7/74 ± 3/6 in case & control groups respectively and there was significant difference between them (P<0/007). Also, there were significantly relation between log CRP and log ESR with BMI, there were a reversed significant relation between them and SHBG. There wasn’t any relationship between log CRP & log ESR with testosteron. The collorate with FBS/Fasting Insulin and log CRP was significant and with log ESR was no significant. Conclusion: This study indicated that level of CRP and ESR in patients is higher than control group. It seems that low grade of chronic inflammation is a contributer factor to increase risk of CHD and type2 diabetes. C- reactive protein Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate Polycystic ovary syndrome 2008 4 01 108 116 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 A Hydrophobicity Scale for the Amino Acids E Forouhi Abstract Introduction: The hydrophobic interaction is a major driving force behind many effects and phenomena in biological systems many hydrophobicity scales have already been proposed and have been used to predict the topography of proteins. Objective: In the present work based on some theoretical considerations a new hydrophobic scale for the amino acids is proposed. Materials and Methods: From the empirically justified assumptions that hydrophobicity of the amino acid residues as part of a polypeptide chain is dependent on the surface area and the electronegativity content of the residues, an equation which relates the hydrophobicity to the surface area and the number, and electro negativity of oxygen and nitrogen of the residue is proposed. From this equation a new hyrophobicity scale for the amino acids is obtained. Using this scale and a sliding window averaging method hrdrophobicity plots for the human melatonin receptor and prion protein (the cause of mad cow disease) are drawn and the intramembrane structure of melatonin mel1a receptor and hydrophobic core of the second half of the prion protein are determined and compared with those from literatures. Results: the proposed hydrophobicity scale in this work is in good agreement with that of Engelmann and coworkers. The intramembrane structure of melatonin receptor and the structure of the hydrophobic core of the prion protein predicted in this article are in good agreement with those proposed in the literatures. Conclusion: the proposed hydrophobicity scale in this work is suitable for predicting the topography of the tran membrane and globular proteins. Amino Acids/ Hydrophobicity Prions Receptors- Melatoin 2008 4 01 117 127 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2008 17 65 Anthrax: A Rare Cause of Periorbital Cellulitis and Cicatricial Ectropion H Hashemian hashemian@gums.ac.ir H Behboudi M.M Karambin Abstract Introduction: Among the three human forms of anthrax (cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal), the cutaneous form is the most common disease (95%). Cutaneous anthrax is a rare cause of periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis, therefore, diagnosis and initiation of treatment may be delayed. On the other hand, without correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, periorbital anthrax may result in sever local complications such as blindness and airway obstruction, or dissemination of the disease like bacteremia and meningitis. In this research was introduced a child with periorbital anthrax to present the clinical manifestation and progression of the disease and remind physicians to interest contagious cause of periorbital cellulitis. Case Report: A 2.5 years old boy from a rural area of Guilan who was suffered of a small erythematous papule in his right lower eyelid 5 days prior to admission. Then, the lesion progressed to a necrotic ulcer with a black central eschar, edema and erythema at the area around. Sever swelling of eyelids and edema occurred all over the face. Fever wasn’t observed. The child had repetitious contacts with domestic herbivores. CT scan of the orbit and paranasal sinuses showed soft tissue swelling only. Gram-positive rods were seen in the smear of exudate taken from cutaneous lesion but culture result showed negative. Treatment with intravenous ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and clindamycin resulted in clinical improvement but due to cicatricial ectropion formation, oculoplastic intervention was considered to be done. Conclusion: Physicians must consider it to be anthrax if any of the following symbols exists: a history of contact with domestic herbivores and animals, similar lesions in the family members, cutaneous necrotic ulcer with the characteristic black eschar and edema of the area around, and observing Gram-positive rods in scraped material taken from beneath the eschar edge or exudate of cutaneous lesions. Although anthrax of the eyelids is not common disease, it must be consider as in the differential diagnosis of periorbital cellulitis. Anthrax Cellulitis Ectropion Eyelid 2008 4 01 128 133 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf