2024-03-28T17:34:00+03:30 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Pattern of Diet and Supplement Consumption among Multiple Sclerotic Patients Pre and Post Diagnosis and their Attitudes toward the Effects of these Parameters on Disease Progression Sh Mashinchi Sh Mashinchi s_mashinchi@yahoo.com S.R Arefhosseini M Ebrahimi Mameghani Sh Yousefzadeh A Saberi Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the central nervous system white matter disorders, with variable prevalence in various districts. Some researches proposed the probable effects of diet as a risk factor in the etiology and control of MS due to its variety of patterns in diverse cultures and regions. Objective: Determination of the MS patients’ dietary habits, before and after diagnosis of the disease and their attitude toward the effect of dietary parameters on the disease progression. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, A total of 166 confirmed MS patients referred to Tabriz MS society during 2005 to 2006 were assessed by a pretested questionnaire composed of 3 sections of questions about demographic informations, dietary habits pre and post disease diagnosis, weight and appetite changes and also changes in dietary patterns after diagnosis. Data were analyzed by t-student test and qi2 in SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 122 women and 44 men participated with the mean age of 31.97±9.21 years, and the mean age of diagnosis 28.33±8.84 years, in this study. As revealed, 79.8% of the patients didn’t change their dietary patterns mainly because of their inattention to probable effect of nutrition on symptoms of disease in 80% of cases. There was a significant change in the type of using oil that reduced the disease severity among 50% of the patients. Also, there was a significant increase in the usage of dietary supplement and fish oil and a significant decrease in tendency toward egg, sugar, and pickles, following the disease. The patients suggested that fruits, milk, olive and its oil, vegetables, fish and nuts are sequentially alleviating the symptoms but pickles, hot (chilli) foods, confectionary products, fried foods, conserved food and red meat aggrevating the symptoms. Conclusion: From patients’ viewpoints, dietary patterns and supplements are somehow effective on the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Appetite Diet Dietary Supplement Multiple Sclerosis 2012 11 01 1 14 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Effects of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Differentiation and Induction of Opalin, Olig Expression in the Cuprizone Induced Multiple Sclerosis Mice F Mashayekhi mashayekhi@guilan.ac.ir M Faraji S.Z Mousavi Bane Hour Introduction: Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which develop from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Opalin is a unique molecular marker for mature and myelinating oligodendrocyte. Olig1/2 plays a regulatory function in the differentiation of OPCs to oligodendrocyte. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been shown to play an important role in the proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes. Objective: In this study the effects of CNTF on Opalin, Olig1/2 expression in the cerebral cortical extracts of Cuprizone induced multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated. Materials and Methods: The mice were treated by Cuprizone for five weeks in order to induce MS. The mice were then divided into 3 groups. The first group was injected subcutaneously (SC) by CNTF in the amount of 2 μg/kg BW. The second group (SHAM) was injected SC by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the third group was left without injection as the control group. After five weeks the mice were killed and the cerebral cortex was harvested and the expression of Opalin and Olig1/2 was studied by Western blotting. Results: The results from this study show that the expression of Opalin, Olig1/2 was significantly increased in the CNTF injected group as compared to the other groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that CNTF enhances Opalin, Olig1/2 expression and may play important role in the pathophysiology of MS. It is also concluded that CNTF may be a regulator in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte from OPCs. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Oligodendrocyte Opalin Multiple Sclerosis 2012 11 01 15 21 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Comparison of Serum Zinc Level in the Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Healthy Volunteers M Rahbar Taramsari Rahbar_ M46@yahoo.com M Mahdavi Roshan M Sadeghi B Shad S. Poorabdollahi M Shakiba Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated that zinc plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in Western populations. But there are limited data for other racial groups. Objectiv: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum zinc and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 81 individuals, aged 30 to 70 years, referred to Dr. Heshmat Hospital of Guilan, northern Iran, for routine coronary angiography. Based on the coronary angiogram results, the participants were assigned into 2 groups 41 CAD patients in case group and 40 healthy ones in control group. Furthermore, data about smoking habit, physical activity and anthropometric indices were collected by questionnaire and using standard protocols. Serum zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The mean serum zinc concentration in the case and control group were 73.50±1.61μg/dl and 78.47±1.66μg/dl, respectively. The mean serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in case group than that in the controls (p<0.05). Zinc concentration had negative correlation with age (r= -0.23 p<0.05), and positive correlation with weight (r=0.26 p<0.05). Participants living in rural areas had lower zinc concentration than those in urban (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in Iranian patients with abnormal versus those with a normal angiogram. It seems Serum zinc concentration correlates with some risk factors for coronary artery disease. Body Weight Coronary Artery Disease Smoking Waist Circumference Zinc 2012 11 01 22 27 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Comparison of Human Papilloma Virus Genotypes in Patient with Leukoplakia and Mild Dysplasia and Health Persons by Polymerase Chain Reaction M.R Salehi F Khozeimeh S.M Razavi S.J Kia djavadkia@gums. ac.ir S Ghorbani Introduction: Early detection of malignant and dysplastic lesions has been an aim for clinicians. Although leukoplakia is not associated with any special hystopathologic diagnosis, it is considered as a premalignant or precancerous lesion. Human Papilloma virus especially HPV16 and HPV18 has been detected in many oral leukoplakia lesions. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of HPV and its genotypes 11, 16, 18, 30s and 50s in common leukoplakia, oral hairy leukoplakia, mild dysplasia and compare it with healthy mucosa. Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each lesion were prepared and fixed in paraffin blocks. After DNA isolation, PCR was done by chelex-100 method. The results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact test with P Value of 0.05. Results: Seven out of 10 common leukoplakia and OHL, 1 out of mild dysplasia and healthy mucosa were HPV+. Double comparison by Fisher exact revealed that there was a significant difference in frequency distribution of HPV between OHL and healthy mucosa (p=0./01) and also between OHL and Mild dysplasia(p=0./01).The difference between frequency distribution of HPV and of common leukoplakia and healthy mucosa(p=0./01),also between common leukoplakia and mild dysplasia (p=0./01) was significant, the difference between other groups was not significant. Results of the study suggest that there is no significant correlation between infection of HPV subtypes in the evaluated lesions. In other words, no significant relationship was shown between the infection of special subtype of HPV and common leukoplakia, OHL and mild dysplasia. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, HPV probably has a role in the pathogenesis of leukoplakia.To investigate the role of various subtypes of this virus in leukoplakia lesions, further studies with more samples are needed. HPV Oral Common Leukoplakia Oral Hairy Leukoplakia 2012 11 01 28 33 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Survey the Effect of Silybin on HER2 in SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cell Line N Mahmoodi N Motamed Motamed2@khayam.ut.ac.ir S.H Paylakhi Introduction: One of the most well-known oncogenes in breast cancer is HER2 (ERBB2 or EGFR2). The principal component of Milk Thistel is silybin, a polyphenolic flavonolignan isolated from silymarin, with both anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Natural polyphenols are one of the most effective components for inhibiting cancers due to their high efficiency and fewer side effects. Objective: Investigating the effect of silybin on HER2 gene expression in SKBR3 breast cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: First, the SKBR3 was cultured, then we used MTT assay to determine the toxicity of silybin. Finally, using RT-Real Time PCR we studied the gene expression. Results: The cytotoxicity of silybin was evaluated by MTT assay in SKBR3 cell line in eight doses (50 - 350 µM) after 24, 48 and 72 h. Silybin showed dose and time dependent cell growth inhibitory effects in this cell line. The IC50 values of silybin after 48 and 72 h were determined to be 274/47 and 203/38, respectively. The results of Real Time RT-PCR indicated the significant down regulation of HER2 by 150 and 250 µM of silybin after 24, 48 and 72h. Conclusion: Silybin can be used for HER2 positive breast cancer to down regulate HER2 gene expression, thanks to respective fewer side effects and extensive effects on different cancers. Breast Neoplasms Genes HER2 Silymarin 2012 11 01 34 41 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Assessment of the Causes and Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Mortality Based on International Coding Diseases R Faraji M Zarkesh Zarkash @ gums .ac.ir A Ghanbari Z Farajzadeh Vajari Introduction: Neonatal mortality is one of the important indices of development for every nation. The first step to promote this index is determining respective causes which are dependent on numerous factors and are not the same in different centers. Objective: To determine the causes and risk factors of neonatal mortality in AL-Zahra hospital, Rasht, northern Iran, from 2006 to 2011, according to international coding diseases. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional retrospective study was conducted on 643 dead neonates among 23796 live births. Sex, birth weight, mode of delivery, gestational age, Apgar score and causes of death were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results: The commonest cause of mortality was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (61.6%). The second cause was congenital abnormalities (7.9%). As revealed, 89/9% of the dead neonates were premature and the remaining ones were term (p=0.0001). Most of the dead cases had birth weight under 2.5 KG and died in the first 24h after birth. These neonates were born by cesarean section and were with first and fifth apgar scores below 7. (In all the above-mentioned findings P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Since most dead neonates were premature and with low birth weights, and the most frequent cause of death was RDS, it is necessary to expand prenatal care, NICU and neonatal ward facilities all around the northern province. Infant Mortality Premature Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome 2012 11 01 42 46 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Evaluation of the Relationship between Pulsatility Index and Prognosis of the patients with moderate head trauma M Hoseini Nejad S.A Roodbari Sh Yousef zadeh Chabok S. Rezaie Kalaj soodeh.rezaie@yahoo.com E Kazamnejad B Ghomashpasand Introduction: Trauma is the third leading cause of death and is one of the most common causes for referrals to the emergencies. Assessment of prognosis in the patients with head trauma can help find high risk patients and provide more complete care to them. The evaluation includes assessment of intracranial pressure and the brain circulation with Trans Cranial Doppler (TCD). Objective: The evaluation of prognosis in patients with moderate head trauma using pulsatility index (PI), obtained by Trans Cranial Doppler (TCD). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 52 patients with moderate head trauma (GCS= 9-13) were studied during one year (2010). In the first 24 hours after trauma, for all the patients TCD by their middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was performed to assess PI value. After seven days, all the patients were followed up for neurological deterioration and prognosis. Finally, data were entered in SPSS software v.17 and analyzed by Independent T-test, Chi- square test with 95% Confidence Interval (CI=0.95). Results: In total, 47 (90.4%) were men and 5 (9.6%) were women (with mean age of 33.81 ± 17.91 years). In the group with low PI (<1.2) ¸ 29 (69.05%), patients were with good prognosis, and 13 (30.95%) with poor prognosis. There was a significant relationship between GCS decline≥ 2 and average of PI (p<0.021). Average of PI in the patients who needed intubation (1.08 ± 0.26) was higher than that in other patients (0.91 ± 0.24, p<0.037). Also, 32 (61.54%) patients were with good prognosis, finally. Average values of PI in good and poor prognosis groups were 0.88±0.24 and 1.08±0.24, respectively with significant difference (p<0.005). There was no significant relationship between average values of PI and gender, need for operating, osmol therapy and type of defect in CT scan. By using Roc curve, the best cut off point for PI was estimated at about 0.9 with sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 43%. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the PI is a valuable parameter besides the other factors such as GCS decline, to determine the prognosis in the patients with moderate head injury admitted to emergency units. Consciousness Craniocerebral Trauma Prognosis Pulsatility Index 2012 11 01 47 55 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Measurement of the Components of Community-Based Rehabilitation(CBR): A Factor Analysis A.A Nasiripour A Afkar hasanafkar@yahoo.com Tabibi M Kamali R Farmanbar Introduction: Community-based rehabilitation is a strategy that can help satisfy the needs of people with disabilities within the community in every nation. Objective: Measurement of the components effective on the community-based rehabilitation in Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in two stages in 2011. The owners of qualitative step were 45 expert and factor analysis step were 564 CBR experts CBR responsible expertrehabilitation authorities of 31 provinces CBR experts and rehabilitation assistant of the studied city. Data were collected by a developed questionnaire . The validity of its content was assessed as Expert panel and their credit structures by exploratory factor analysis (main component analysis) using alpha internal parallelism of Coranbach. For adequacy of sample size Keiser Mayer Olkin scal and for suitable data, Bartlett test were used. Results:In exploratory factor analysis we identified 7 acceptable factors with special values more than1and total variance of %61/84. 54 items with acceptable factor load(more than 0/4) were under this 7 factors. These 54 items are considered as effective factors on community-based rehabilitation and finding trust step for all 7 factors with respective items achieved appropriate reliability coefficient (greater than %0/84). Conclusion: The use of semi-professional (expert community), social and political support, educational services, financial supply, health services, medical services and social integration of the disabled people, approperiate for cultural, economic, political and social contexts of our country can empower the disabled people, promote human dignity of them and their families in the community. Disabled Persons Factor Analysis Statistical Rehabilitation 2012 11 01 56 64 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Nutritional Status Assessment and Related Factors in the Retired Senile N Masomy Sh Jefroodi A Ghanbari at_ghanbari@gums.ac.ir E Kazemnejad F Shojaei A Rafiei Introduction: Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a usual risk factor in older people, that was considered as a natural part of geriatrics process in the past, but nowadays it is found that malnutrition is detectable, preventable and treatable and its early diagnosis can lead us to on time intervention. Thus, older people’s nutritional status and detecting its causes can help caregivers to plan and implement appropriate interventions. Objective: The aim of this study is nutritional status assessment in the retired senile by some demographic characters in two parts: screening and complementary. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-cross sectional one on 194 senile retired from governmental organizations who were assessed by simple sampling. In this study, we use a questionnaire consisting of two parts: one part for demographic data and the other called MNA (Minimal Nutrition Assessment) that has 18 items and two parts: screening and complementary parts. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using statistical tests including Krauskal Wallis, Man Whitney and Spierman. Results: Findings showed that 87.1 percent of the participants had normal nutrition and 12.9 percent of them had probable malnutrition and 4 percent were with malnutrition. Among the demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, educational status, income and co morbidity), nutrition was found to be related to sex (0/002) and income (p<0.013) significantly. Thus, the normal nutritional status was high in female older people and in senile with higher income. Conclusion: Considering the high probability of malnutrition demonstrated in this study, it is necessary for the clinicians and authorities to receive related education and become aware of this issue and respective consequences. Also, it is necessary to implement plans and programs to relieve poverty as a main risk factor in malnutrition. Aged Health Status Nutrition 2012 11 01 65 70 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 A Ten-year study of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases in the Guilan Province A.A Aghbali S Vosughe Hosseini M Moradzadeh M Sina A Kocheky kochekya@yahoo.com S.M Mahmoodi H Rokhshad Introduction: Oral carcinoma is among the most common cancers and one of the top-10 causes of death worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest incidence and the lowest survival rate among oral cancer cases. The study of OSCC epidemiology, incidence rate, and its association with age and gender among the patients could provide the oral and maxillofacial specialists as well as health officials and policy workers with valuable information. Objective: Analysis of OSCC incidence rate and its association with sex and age among the oral cancer patients in the Guilan province during the 1378-87 period. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and prospective study was done by reviewing 12686 files of the cancer patients recorded by the Guilan Cancer Registry Center during 1377-87. Medical information including age, gender, the type of cancer, and anatomical location of the tumor were extracted from the patients' records. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and chi-square test and Kruskal–Wallis. Results: Among the total number of files studied, 2364 (18.6%) were diagnosed as head and neck carcinoma cases, of which 1152 (48.7%) were recorded as SCC, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1 and a mean age of 63.41 ± 15.41 years.The most involved areas were tongue with 35.2% cases and buccal region with 24.4% cases. The 70-80 year age group had the largest number of 37patients (28%) with OSCC. Conclusion: Our results show that the incidence of OSCC is significantly higher in the 8th decade of life. We also found that the most common risk site of the tumor in young patients is the tongue. Carcinoma Squamous Cell Mouth Disease Mouth Neoplasms 2012 11 01 71 76 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Study of Variety of Toxicity in the Poisoned Cases Rescued by Emergency Medical Sciences Center in Guilan L Fazel Tolami S.M Maleki Ziabari maleki.ems2012@yahoo.com Introduction: Today, toxicity has become one of the major social problems due to the increased number and variety of chemical materials entering the human cycle. Also, it would get more importance considering the increasing development of different kinds of poisons and lethal medicines. Determining the prevalence of various toxicity can serve as a suitable pattern for public education, available to respective authorities. Objective: Prevalence Study of variety of toxicity in the poisoned cases rescued by EMS of Guilan in 2010 Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted on 1310 poisoned cases rescued by Emergency 115 in 1389, in terms of age, gender and kind of toxicity. The obtained research data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Findings show that 73.7% of poisoning happened in men, 25.4% in women and 0.9% in cases with unclear gender. Age range of 20-40 years was with 56.1%, the highest rate of poisoning, and the most frequent toxicities were with drugs (37.9%) and medicines (26.7%). Conclusion: Considering the fact that young people account for the most poisoned cases and the most common kind of toxicity is by drugs and improper use of medicines, providing proper education to families specially youth about the dangerous complications of drugs and proper keeping and using medicines in the house seems to be necessary. Emergency Medical Service Toxicity 2012 11 01 77 82 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2012 21 84 Alagille Syndrome: A Case Report Sh Malaknejad maleknejadshohreh@yahoo.com M Moshref Introduction: Alagille syndrome is a syndrome associated with decreased number of intrahepatic bile ducts, and various manifestations. The incidence rate is approximately 1 in 100000 births. It is an autosomal dominant disease with variable expression and is caused by mutation in JAG1 or NOTCH2 genes. To make a diagnosis of alagille syndrome, a positive liver biopsy and the presence of three of the following symptoms are usually required: liver symptoms, heart abnormalities, skeletal abnormalities, posterior embryotoxon, typical facial features. Case report: We report a 15 month old infant with failure to thrive and increased liver enzyme and cholestasis with peripheral ps and vertebral anomaly and posterior embryotoxon in eye with paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts in liver biopsy, so Alagille syndrome was diagnosed with positive liver biopsy and four major criteria. Then, he was treated with Ursodeoxycholic acid capsule and improved in liver function, growth and development. Conclusion: Alagille syndrome should be considered in patients with hepatic and cardiac involvement, because features in Alagille syndrome are various and some children may present with life threatening conditions whereas others may be subclinical cases. Alagille Syndrome Cholestasis Pulmonary Valve Stenosis 2012 11 01 83 87 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf