2024-03-28T17:44:26+03:30 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=40&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
40-589 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Photocatalytic Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aquatic Solution by Using of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticle in Aerobic and Anaerobic Condition: Kinetic Study MR Samarghandi M Farrokhi M Shirzad-Siboni mshirzadsiboni@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals, is one of the important sources of environmental pollution. As a heavy metal, hexavalent chromium exists in electroplating wastewater and is harmful for human health and environment Objective: The research was carried out to investigate the photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium from aquatic solution using zinc Oxide (ZnO)nanoparticle in aerobic and anaerobic conditions in batch system. Materials and Methods: At first, a reactor was designed and made. Effects of solution pH, contact time and initial Cr(VI) concentration on the purging of oxygen and nitrogen gas were investigated, with ZnO dosage equal to 1g/L. Cr(VI) residual concentration was analyzed by the 1,5-diphenylcar-bazide method using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160A), at a wavelength of 540 nm. Results: The results showed that removal efficiency of chromium in constant conditionwas decreased from57.65% to 30.63%and 79.5% to 68.67% by increasing of pH from 4 to 8 in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Also, by increasing of initial chromium concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L,removal efficiency was decreased from 79.34% to 30.56% in aerobic condition and 98.98% to 40.46% in anaerobic condition. Removal efficiency in the presence of nitrogen gas was more than that of oxygen gas. The reduction pattern was better described by the first-order kinetic model. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study show that the studied methodology in this research can be used as an effective method in the removal of hexavalent chromium from aquatic solution. Finally, dissolved oxygen shows a greater inhibition effect on the reduction of Cr(VI) than the nitrogen gas which exhibits a noticeable reduction Chromium Hexavalention Water Purification Zinc Oxide 2014 1 01 1 10 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Ecotoxicity of Nano Silica in Daphnia Magna T Pourdeljoo F Shariati shariat_20@yahoo.com L Ooshaksaraee Z Ramzanpoor Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, Silica nano particles are used in various industries such as ceramics, glass, steel, gypsum and in pigment and catalysts, cosmetics, drugs, magnetic compounds, thermal damper and varnishes. If used in an uncontrolled manner and enter sewage system, these small and useful particles may be changed to one of the toxic substances for living organisms in aquatic ecosystems even zooplanktons that after phytoplanktons are in the second level of food chains and plays an important role. Objective: This study investigates the toxicity of these particles for Daphnia magna that is one of the crustacean zooplankton in fresh water. Materials and Methods: In this study, the experimental concentrations were 0.5, 1.6, 5.0, 15.8, 50.0 and 100 mg/L with three replicates for each treatment. The effects of these nanoparticles were studied and recorded during each 24 hour interval. The experimental period was 96 hours and OECD method was used for toxicity examination. The toxicity factors were calculated based on probit value. Results: LC50 of this nanoparticle for Daphnia magna was found to be 1.73 mg/L. Also, NOEC and LOEC value was 0.173 mg/l. Conclusion: Based on the results, silica nanoparticles have toxic effects on daphni at low concentrations Silicon Dioxide toxicity Zooplankton 2014 1 01 11 17 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-590-en.pdf
40-591 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 The Efficiency of Microbial Populations of Activated Sludge for Heavy Metals Removal from Compost Leachate M Farrokhi M Naimi-joubani mhnaiminior@yahoo.com M Arjmand M Hatami H Tadaioni Abstract: Introduction: The amounts of municipal waste are on the rise because of the urbanization and industrial development. If the Leachates are released into the water resources and soil, the biological balance of the environment will be disturbed. Once heavy metals are accumulated in the food chain, aquatic and human life are endangered. Objective: This laboratory research was conducted To evaluate the performance of activated sludge microbial populations in the removal of heavy metals of Compost Leachate. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive- applied one, which attempted to evaluate the performance of suspended and attached growth biological treatment. Raw leachate was sampled from organic fertilizer factory in Guilan and two series of batch reactor with attached and suspended growth were applied within 360 hours of aeration under lab conditions. BOD5, COD, MLSS were measured, according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater and heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-OES before and after aeration treatment. Results: The results showed that within 72 hour aeration, maximum efficiency of the attached growth system for the removal of BOD5 and COD were, respectively 80% and 78.28%. Efficiency of heavy metal removal within 48 hours of aeration for the attached growth system was subsequently Pb>Fe>Mn>Co>Zn>Hg>Mg>Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd>V and Pb>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Mg>Co>Hg>Cr>Ni>V>Cd for suspended growth system. Conclusion: As revealed, the biological treatment systems with attached growth have an acceptable efficiency in the removal of heavy metals, BOD5 and COD of compost leachate. Metals Heavy Sewage Water Pollutants- Chemical 2014 1 01 18 25 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-591-en.pdf
40-592 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Removal of Cationic Surfactant of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (as an industrial pollutant), Using Rice Husk A Mohammad-khah mohammadkhah@guilan.ac.ir R Ansari M Arvand E Ghiasi Abstract Introduction: Surfactants have an important role in many industrial products such as detergents and cleaners, pharmaceuticals, motor oils and floating agents. Such extensive applications of surfactants have produced environmental pollution and have caused problems in wastewater treatment plants. Various techniques such as biological degradation, ozonation and extraction are used to remove the surfactants from water sources. Unfortunately, most of them are either expensive or accompanied by other chemical waste byproducts.. Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), as a typical cationic surfactant onto rice husk samples from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: The CTAB concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at 375 nm using picric acid method. The important parameters, which affect the adsorption, such as pH of solution, contact time, initial concentration of CTAB, and absorbent dose were investigated. Results: The adsorption amount of CTAB increased with increasing of contact time and mass of rice husk and decreased with increasing of the initial concentration of CTAB. It was found that the adsorption kinetics is very fast, so that more than 90% of CTAB removal occurred after 5 min. Upon examining the pH, it was observed that CTAB removal is not affected by pH of solution. The adsorption capacity of rice husk was found to be 4.75 mg/g under optimized experimental conditions (pH =6, contact time = 30 min). Conclusion: Rice husk seems to be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of cationic surfactant (CTAB) from aqueous solutions. Given the advantages such as biodegradability, being environmentally friendly, low cost, and local availability, it seems that rice husk can serve as a promising adsorbent for the removal of cationic surfactants from water or industrial waste waters. Cetrimonium Oryza Sativa Water Purification 2014 1 01 26 31 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-592-en.pdf
40-593 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Investigation of Photocatalytic Degradation of Diazinon in Synthetic Wastewater Using Nano -TiO2/UV R Rezaei kalanteri Y Dadban shahamat ydadban@ yahoo.com M Farzadkia A Esrafily Abstract Introduction:Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide used to control a variety of insects in agriculture and it is relatively water soluble, non-polar, moderately mobile and persistent in soil, hence, it is a matter of health concern when using groundwater and surface derived drinking water. Objective: In this study, Photocatalytic degradation of Diazinon was investigated using the nano-TiO2, as a photocatalyst and in aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: The UV source was provided by OSRAM 125W high-pressure mercury lamp and the initial concentration of Diazinon was 40 mgl-1. In this study, the treatment conditions included the presence of UV and aeration, pH, amount of nano-TiO2 and the contact time. For the purpose of pre-concentration and extraction of the Diazinon from the samples, extraction was done using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique and, then, analysis was done by gas chromatography (GC-FID). The extent of Diazinon degradation was also determined by COD measurements by titration of the treated solution with KCr2O7 solution. The toxicity of nano-TiO2 was investigated by daphnia magna bioassay analyses. Results: The kinetics of Diazinon photodegradation was found to follow the first-order rate law and the rate constant was 0.099 (min-1). The optimum conditions for the degradation of Diazinon were found to be pH 8, [nano-TiO2] = 0.2 gl-1 and [time] = 120 min, and the removal efficiency of Diazinon and COD were 99.64% and 65%, respectively. The LC50 (96h) and NOEC (96h) of nano-TiO2 were 1173 and 507 mgl-1, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that the presence of UV and aeration, has a positive effect on Photocatalytic degradation of Diazinon and COD removal and the maximum removal of them were due to UV irradiation, exposure time, aeration and nano-TiO2, respectively. According to the US EPA classification, nano-TiO2 is classified as practically non-toxic. Biological Assay Diazinon Titanium Dioxide Water Purification 2014 1 01 32 41 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-593-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Removal of Acid Red 18 and Reactive Black 5 Dyes from Aquatic Solution by Using of Adsorption on Azollafiliculoides: a Kinetic Study M Shirzad-Siboni mshirzadsiboni@yahoo.com S Fallah S Tajasosi Abstract Introduction: Industrial wastewater containing dyes, from textile industries, is one of the important sources of environmental pollution, which is harmful for human health and environment. A number of processes, like flocculation, chemical coagulation, precipitation and ozonationare are employed for the treatment of dye wastewaters. However, they possess inherent limitations such as high cost, formation of hazardous byproducts and intensive energy requirements. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the removal of Acid Red 18 and Reactive Black 5 dyes from aquatic solution using adsorption onAzollafiliculoides, as an economical and effective adsorbent in batch system. Materials and Methods: This research was an applied and experimental type. The immobilizationof colorofAzollafiliculoides was done with 0.01 M sulfuric acid in the ratio of 1:1 (Azolla : acid) at 250 0C for 5h. The equilibrium time (2hr) was determined from kinetic data with other constant parameters. The effect of pH, Azolla dosage and initial dyes concentration was determined after equilibrium time. The remaining concentrations of Acid Red 18 and Reactive Black dyes were analyzed by UV/VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 506and 598 nm, respectively. Results: The result showed removal efficiency was increased from 17.45% to 59.53% for reactive black 5 and 75.4% to 90.45% for Acid Red 18 by increasing of contact time from 5 to 120 minute in constant conditions, respectively. Also, result showed removal efficiency was decreased and increased by increasing initial concentration of dyes and initial azolla dosage. By increasing of pH from 2 to 12 the removal efficiency was decreased from 70.58 % to 10.65 % for reactive black 5 and 97.24% to 28.98% for acid red 18. The results showed that kinetic data were explained acceptably by pseudo second-order model ((RB5 (R2=0.98)), (AR18 (R2=0.999)). Conclusion: The removal of dyes can be quick and effective usingAzollafiliculoides. The removal efficiency of Acid red 18 was approximately 20percentmore than that of Reactive Black 5 in a constant condition Acid Red-18 Adsorption Filtration Kinetics Remazol black B 2014 1 01 42 50 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-601-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 The Removal of Furfural from Wastewater Using Cyclic Biological Reactor M Leili sgh Moussavi moussavi@modares.ac.ir k Naddafi Abstract Introduction: Furfural is a toxic chemical with a lot of production and consumption resources. The most important consumer industries include oil and petrochemical industries, oil refineries, rubber and plastics, and paper industries. Thus, furfural would exist in the effluents of such industries. Objective: The removal of Furfural from industrial wastewater using cyclic biological reactor (CBR). Materials and Methods: In this study, the removal of furfural from wastewater using a developed biological method as a modification of conventional sequential batch reactor (SBR) was assessed. Wastewater containing furfural was injected into the biological reactor and the effect of various important operational parameters such as furfural concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on reactor performance in furfural removal mineralization was evaluated. Results: The CBR is capable of removing more than 98% of furfural and 76% of equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) at organic loading rate up to 2.38 g/L.d in the optimum hydraulic retention time of 12.1 h. The overall average furfural and COD removal during CBR operation periods were 97.7% and 82.1%, respectively. Conclusion: As the results show, the method introduced in this study can be used more effectively, compared to other methods, for the treatment of furfural present in the industrial wastewater. Furaldehyde Sewage Water Purification 2014 1 01 51 59 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-594-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Decolorization of Synthetic Dyed Saline Wastewater by Biological Method H Mirbolooki h.mirbolooki@gmail.com AR Pendashteh M Naimi joubani E Roohbakhsh Abstract Introduction: Discharging wastewaters containing dyes into water resources causes adverse environmental effects such as destroying organisms, increasing BOD and rivers depreciation. Different physical and chemical treatment methods are used to treat this kind of effluent, each of which has its own problems. Objectives: In this research, biological treatment method was used to remove dyes used in textile industry, from synthetic wastewater on the ground that the method is economical and environmentally friendly in comparison with the other ones Materials and Methods: The studied textile dye is Reactive Blue 19 and decolorization tests from four samples of synthetic wastewater were performed by SBR system, using activated sludge in aerobic condition and degradation of dye molecules were measured by COD tests. The place where the samples were prepared and decolorization tests were conducted, was water and wastewater laboratory of faculty of health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, northern Iran. Results: Decolorization efficiency of two synthetic wastewater samples containing dye were 60% and about 90% during 24 hours. Also with regard to the optimal treatment process in saline condition, the efficiency of dye removal for two synthetic concentration samples containing dye and two different salt concentrations has been reported about 60%. Conclusion: The results show that biological treatment method can serve as an effective method for decolorization of wastewaters containing dye, even in saline condition. Remazol Brilliant Blue R Sewage Water Purification 2014 1 01 60 66 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-595-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Study of the Microbial Contamination in Coastal Water of the Caspian Sea in the Guilan Province, Northern Iran M Naimi- joubani M.S Eslami AR Saeedi AR Keramati M Javahershenas mehdi_djavahershenas@yahoo.com Abstract: Introduction:: Quality of the sea water and lakes is directly related to that of their corresponding origin rivers. Most of the rivers, due to the inappropriate disposal of refuse, agricultural, industrial and hospital wastes, are seriously polluted. Objective: This research study has determined the microbial contamination of coastal water of the Caspian Sea in Gulian province, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out during the warm months, on the six coastal areas of the Caspian Sea in Guilan Province in 2011 and sampling was done to monitor the parameters for total coliform, Feacal coliform, Enterococcus faecalis,Temperature and pH, according to the standard methods of water and wastewater. Results: Results indicate microbial contamination of coastal water. The maximum amount of bacterial load was found to be in July. The average results of total coliform and fecal coliform, were, respectively 363 and 125.8 MPN per 100 ml of the samples. Also, the average amount of Enterococcus faecalis was 27.3 CFU per 100 ml of sample. Bacterial load was directly associated with water temperature and pollution in all the stations was more than the standard limits. The highest amount of bacterial load was observed in Pasdaran station and the amounts, were respectively, as follows: total coliform more than 1100, fecal coliform = 460 MPN per 100 ml and Enterococcus faecalis was greater than 100 CFU per 100 ml of sample. Conclusion: There is a serious risk to the health of the swimmers who go swimming during the warm months of the year, because the contamination may cause some diseases, especially meningitis and intestinal infection. Conflict of interest: non declared Caspian sea Enterococcus faecalis Lakes Water Pollution 2014 1 01 67 72 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-596-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Effect of Yoga Training on BMIand Physiological Variables in Women with Fasting F Zorofi yahoo.com @fatameh_zorofi Z Hojjati AR Elmiyeh Abstract Introduction: One of the pillars of faith among Muslims is fasting. Many research studies on the effects of fasting on physiological variables have been performed. Also, a lot of research on the effects of yoga on psychosomatic illness has been conducted that shows the positive impact of yoga on the mind and body Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga and a month of fasting on BMI and physiological variables in novice athletes. Materials and Methods: This study was quasi – experimental and was conducted in the field.Of the 60 subjects in this study, using a questionnaire, 20subjectswere selected that were in complete health and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group practices yoga regularly for four weeks, two sessions per week, and each session lasting 60 minutes that included sasana, Shavasana and was Pranayamy. The control group did not participate in a regular exercise program. This study was conducted in the month of Ramadan 1391( 2012), when both groups were fasting during the study period. The blood sampling and body mass index measuring in three phases, namely, a week before Ramadan, the fifteenth day of the month, and a week after Ramadan, were performed. Blood sampling was done in the month of Ramadan in the afternoon, 12 hours after dawn breakfast. Kalmograph-Smirnov test for normality of the data, independent T-test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test for analyzing assumptions, was used. Significance level was set at P<0/05. Results: Results show significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein in different measures from the experimental group while, there was no significant change in the control group.Also, this study showed slow-density lipoprotein levels, blood cholesterol, blood sugarand triglyceride levels did not significantly change in any of the groups. Significant differences in BMI measures in the experimental groups were observed but no significant change in the control group was seen. Conclusion: This study showed that practicing yoga can be effective on weight control and balance during Ramadan and it can be used as a positive approach during fasting Athletes Body Mass Index Fasting Women yoga 2014 1 01 73 82 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-597-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2014 22 88 Effects of Calcium and its Combination with Magnesium on the Severity of Menstrual Symptoms in the Students with Dysmenorrhea S M Y S : Nezamivandsalime@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: Psychological and physical symptoms sometimes cause disturbances in daily and social activities. There are limited reports on the effects of calcium and magnesium on menstrual symptoms Objective: To determine the effectiveness of combined calcium and magnesium and only calcium on the severity of menstrual symptoms in the students with dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: In this triple- blind trial, 63 students with moderate or severe menstrual pain severity were randomly allocated into two intervention and one control groups (receiving 600 mg calcium carbonate alone or combined with 300 mg magnesium stearate, or placebo from 15th cycle day to pain relieving day on the following cycle). All participants reported their severity of eight menstrual symptoms (cramp, headache, backache, foot pain, depression, irritability, general pain and abdominal pain with symptom severity scale) in 2 days before and 2 days after beginning of menstrual bleeding during four continuous cycles (2 cycles before and 2 cycles after intervention). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. Results: After intervention, severity of total and each of the symptoms (adjusted for baseline) in both intervention groups was significantly less than that in the control group (p<0.001 in all except general pain which was p=0.012). Effect size d was 1.69 for the combined calcium and magnesium and 1.46 for only calcium, on the total symptom score indicating a large effect. There was no significant difference between the intervention groups regarding severity of any symptoms, except abdominal pain which was less in the group treated with combined calcium and magnesium. No side effect was reported. Conclusion: Both combined calcium and magnesium and only calcium seem to be effective in alleviating the severity of menstrual symptoms in the students with primary dysmenorrhea. Calcium Dysmenorrhea Magnesium Menstruation 2014 1 01 83 92 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-598-en.pdf