2024-03-29T05:11:50+03:30 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=9&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Immunomodulation with Epigallocatechin Gallate in Injured Spinal Cord of Rats A.R Khalatbary khalat90@yahoo.com H Ahmadvand Abstract Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) stimulates an immune response that causes substantial secondary damage inside the injured spinal tissue. Objective: To determine the immunomodulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on traumatized spinal cord of rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 rats each as follows: negative control group, positive control group, and experimental group (50mg/kg EGCG, i.p., immediately after SCI). Spinal cord samples were collected 24 hours after injury and studied for immunohistochemistry of CD4, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Results: Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated immunohistochemical expression of immune-related response criteria. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we propose that EGCG may be effective in protecting the rat spinal cord from secondary damage by modulating of immune responses. Epigallocatechin Gallate Immunohistochemistry Rats Spinal Cord Injuries 2011 10 01 1 7 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Assessment of a Tentative Novel X-Ray Anode in Decreasing its Applicability Limitation in Medical Practices M Navvabpour mnavabpour@yahoo.com H Moladoust M Navvabpour Abstract Introduction: More than 99% of electrical energy in diagnostic X-Ray tubes converts to heat. This process causes limitation in medical applicability especially in higher intensity for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Objective: To decrease the applicability limitation in x-ray generation via higher cooling rate Materials and Methods: In this study, a novel anode was proposed with special geometric design and use of new materials in order to obtain higher cooling rate. In doing so, a conventional anode with 9 Cm diameter and 127 Cm2 area, was compared with the proposed anode made of an alloy of chromium, copper and silver with 27 Cm diameter and 1145 Cm2 equipped with a tungsten ring in the same condition. Both anodes were placed inside a container without air flow and heated up to 1200 °C using a plasma flame. Then, the anode temperatures were measured and recorded during cooling using a contact thermometer for three times and finally means and standard deviation and also the respective cooling rates were calculated. Results: In both anodes, the cooling modes were exponential but the cooling rates were respectively different, (approximately 180 °C/min for the proposed anode) and (approximately 76 °C/min for the conventional one) at 1200°C. Conclusions: In comparison with the conventional anode, the proposed anode has higher strength and higher cooling rate. Therefore, it can lead to lower limitation in selecting exposure factors such as mAs and kVp in medical practices Electrodes X-Rays 2011 10 01 8 14 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Prevalence of Eating Disorders and their Role in Psychological Signs among Women with Sport Activities A Valizade S Ariapooran saeed_ariapooran@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: prevalence of eating disorder is very important in women with sport activity and threats their mental health. Objective: To determine the eating disorder signs and the role of these disorders in psychological signs in women athletes. Materials and Methods: 181 women with sport activity in aerobic and physical readiness selected by clustered sampling and they filled Ahvaz eating disorder scale and psychological signs questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results: 16.5% percent of athletes have eating disorder signs, 14.3% anorexia nervosa, and 3.3% bulimia nervosa. Eating disorder signs(r=0.439), anorexia nervosa signs (r=0.466) and bulimia nervosa signs (r=0.28) were meaningfully related to psychological signs and anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa signs explained 0.229 the variance in psychological signs. Conclusion: These results correspond with findings from other studies, and support the importance of eating disorders signs and its role in psychological signs. Diseases Outbreaks Exercise Nutritin Disorders Women 2011 10 01 15 23 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 The Position of Conflict Management and Relation Openness in Elevating the Nursing Employees’ Trust F Farahbod farahbod@yahoo.comfarzin S Amiralavi S Najafzadeh Abstract Introduction: Organizational trust refers to the employees’ eagerness to perform the orders expected by the management, without the necessity to utilize control or evaluation. Along the same lines, formation of organizational processes based on trust has created an impressive change in the interaction between the employees and managers. It has also raised the employee's organizational commitment, occupation satisfaction, and performance improvement. Objectives: To determine the influence of conflict management and relation openness on the rate of nurses' trust in public hospitals in Rasht in 2010. Materials and Methods: The research was performed using a cross- sectional and descriptive analytic approach. The population for the study included 1100 nurses from the public hospitals in the city of Rasht, of whom 239 were selected as the sample through factor analysis and ANOVA. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions to measure the three variables of conflict, trust, and relation openness. The questionnaire studied conflict in two directions: types of conflict (task, relation, process) and conflict characteristics (intensity and duration) then it was authenticated and confirmed after consulting the professors. Next, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were calculated and determined and finally the research data were collected during May-June 2010. To analyze the collected data, the researchers used SPSS and calculated Pearson and multiple regression correlation coefficients. Results: There was no significant correlation between task conflict and trust (R=0.114). However, there was a correlation between relation and process conflicts and conflict characteristics (intensity and duration) which were respectively within the following ranges R=0.13 to 0.56, and the statistical significance level for all the variables was set at (P<0.05). In addition, a multiple regression was applied to determine the influence of moderator variables of relation openness, conflict intensity and duration on the relation between conflict and trust where the Δ variations (the presence of difference in the relationship between the variables through existence of the moderator variables) are indicative of such a moderating relationship. Conclusion: Based on the findings, there seems to be a negative significant relationship between process and relation conflicts and trust which indicates that relation openness and duration of conflict have positive influence on the relationship between conflict and trust, but the intensity of conflict causes a reduction in trust through creating a negative influence on the relationship between conflict and trust. Thus, it is recommended that the managers utilize the two strategies of conflict management and creating optimized relations in the workplace to increase the employees’ trust so that, in the end, they succeed in managing the organization. Government Agencies Personnel Management 2011 10 01 24 30 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Self- Caring Behaviors among Cardiac Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery SH Seyam A.R Hiedarnia : hidarnia@modares.ac.ir S.S Tavafian Abstract Introduction: After coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the patients need to perform self-caring behaviors. Thus, the assessment of such behaviors in order to promote them is recommended. Objective: To determine the self-care behaviors in cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Heshmat hospital, Rasht. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Heshmat hospital in Rasht, on 110 patients who were operated on and selected using purposive sampling method. The data were collected through interview with patients, their self reporting and respective records. The measurement tools were two questionnaires about demographic characteristics and self- care questions. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests, mean, standard deviation, frequency, and chi-square test. Results: This study showed that just ten percent of the studied patients conducted self- caring well. However, factors such as: age (p=0.000), education (p=0.000), gender (p=0.024), occupation (p=0.001), income level (p=0.015), time of illness (p=0.000) and time of hospitalization (p=0.040) had significant relationships with reported self-care behaviors. However, marital status had no significant relationship with self-care behaviors (p>0.05). Conclusion: As this study demonstrated, the minority of the participants performed self -care behavior well. Therefore, training and encouraging the cardiac patients to care for themselves, is strongly recommended. Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Artery Bypass Patients Postoperative Care Self Care 2011 10 01 31 39 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 MRI Findings in Patients with Spinal Canal Stenosis M Barzin Barzin_md@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: Spinal canal stenosis is a narrowing of spaces in the spine that result in pressure on the spinal cord and/ or nerve roots. This condition is the most frequent indication for spinal surgery in individuals over 60 years. Objective: To evaluate the MRI findings of lumbar spinal stenosis in the north of Iran. Materials and Methods: During a three month period, 117 consecutive patients with MRI findings of spinal canal stenosis were enrolled in this study. The MRI equipment was a 1.5 tesla GE system. T1W and T2W, sagittal and axial images were obtained and reported based on the established international standards, and the data were recorded in special questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15 software. Results: The patients were 61.5% females, and 38.5% males with the mean age of 52±14.2 years. Their age range was 20-89 years, most of whom within 40-60 years. Involvement of one level was more common than that of multiple levels (61.5% vs. 38.5%). With increasing age multilevel involvement was more evident. There was a significant correlation between age of the patients just with disc extrusion and facet joint hypertrophy (P <0. 05) The most involved levels were L4/L5 and L3/L4, and the least was L1/L2.The most frequent findings were disc bulging (82.1%), disc dehydration (76.1%), facet joint hypertrophy (64.1%) and disc protrusion (50.4%). Discussion: The patients in the present study were a decade older than a relatively similar study in Tehran. Some of the results are in agreement with other reports and some are different. Further epidemiologic studies in different geographic areas of Iran are suggested to find more about the prevalence and the course of the degenerative diseases among the patients of different sexes and ages, and compare the results with those carried out in other parts of the world. Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) Spinal Stenosis 2011 10 01 40 48 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Sensitivity and Features of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA), As a Screening Test for Cervical Cancer F Fakour : fereshtehfakor@yahoo.com Z Atrkar Roshan S.P Shaef S.F Dalil Heyrati Abstract Introduction: Due to high false negative results of Pap smear, investigators are trying to design alternative tests for screening. One such option is Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA). Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of VIA as an alternative screening test for cervical cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study on 401 based on demographic questioner, three separate Pap smear, referred to alzahra hospital Gynecology clinic. All the patients were given questionnaires of demographic characteristics and then underwent 3 separate tests (Pap smear, VIA and colposcopy) simultaneously. If colposcopic evaluation was abnormal, a sample biopsy was taken. The gold standard test is considered to be colposcopy-directed biopsy. Upon data collection, they were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 14. Results: As shown, 12 had abnormal Pap smear, 39 with positive VIA and 11 had abnormal colposcopy. Sensitivity of VIA was found to be 72.7%, and specificity 92.1%.Pap smear detected 83.3% CINI, 66.6% CIN III, 50% Invasive cancers whereas VIA detected 50% CINI and 100% CIN III and invasive cancers. Both tests yielded 3 false negative results. The number of false positives was higher for VIA. Conclusion: VIA is a more powerful screening test than Pap smear but its detection ability for CIN I is lower, compared with Pap smear. In order to minimize false negative Acetic Acid Cervix Uteri Colposcopy Irrigation Mass Screening Sensivity and Specificity Uterine 2011 10 01 49 55 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Evaluation of BIS Alteration and Pupil Dilatation after Arterial Unclamping Following Vascular Anastomosis in Kidney Transplant Surgery A Mohammadzadeh Jouryabi alimj@gums.ac.ir M Haghighi F - Mortazavi Najafabadi A Sedighinejad B Naderi K Forghanparast GH.R Mokhtari F Poorreza Abstract Introduction: Renal transplantation is the best method of treatment for renal failure and anesthetic management during this procedure is of great importance. Proper dosage of the anesthetic drug for maintaining the respective depth is crucial as well. Arterial unclamping following anastomosis between the donor and recipient’s kidney vessels, during which the functional kidney is inserted in the recipient’s circulation, is a critical step in transplantation. Objective: To investigate the changes in Bispectral number and pupil dilatation as confirmed and probable markers of anesthesia depth have been investigated. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 25 patients undergoing renal transplantation in Razi hospital. Alteration in the depth of anesthesia was analyzed using BIS (Bispectral) index (at unclamping moment and its highest value within five minutes following unclamping) as well as pupil dilatation (5 minutes after unclamping). All the patients underwent identical method of general anesthesia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version16, paired t- test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Mean and SD value of the maximum BIS number within 5 minutes after arterial unclamping (68/32±9/13) and its value at unclamping moment (59/48±10/65) were significantly different (P<0.0001).The pupil became wider in 84% of the patients immediately after unclamping. No significant relationship was found between the pupil size and BIS change. Conclusion: Considering the present findings, it seems that the depth of anesthesia declines after arterial unclamping following vascular anastomosis of the transplanted kidney. We also found a new sign in kidney transplantation anesthesia, introduced as “PUPIL SIGN”, that happens prior to urination from the transplanted kidney, which could have clinical implications for early prognosis of transplantation success. Anastomosis Surgical Anesthesia General Consciousness Monitors Kidney transplantation 2011 10 01 56 61 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Factors Associated with Enuresis in Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and the Effect of Surgery on it M.H Taziki : hoseinta@yahoo.com H.R Tajri A Borghei H Khorashadizadeh Abstract Introduction: One of the probable causes of enuresis is an obstruction in upper airway and especially adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillectomy may be an effective treatment in some cases. This study carried out with patients suffering from adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Objective: To determine the incidence of enuresis and the effects of surgery on it. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 children aged 3-12 years with Adenotonsilar hypertrophy in 5-Azar Hospital who were candidates for Adenotonislectomy. They were examined by an otolaryngologist and, if needed, by a urologist. UA and UC were done for all of them, and data were recorded in a questionnaire. The results were evaluated 1 and 3 months post surgery, and finally the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The present study was conducted on 100 children consisting of 49 males and 51 females, aged between 3- 12 years (mean 7.68). The prevalence of enuresis was found to be 9%, and its rate among the males was twice that of the females. One month after surgery, complete improvement in 22-2% and partial improvement in 33-3% of the cases were observed. The general improvement after 3 months was 54.3%. Conclusion: Taking into account the correlations between adenotonsilar hypertrophy, enuresis and improved enuresis following surgery, the relative improvement of enuresis can serve as an indication for surgery in patients with adenotonsilar hypertrophy. Adenoidectomy Enuresis Treatment out come 2011 10 01 62 67 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Women’s Attitudes toward Elective Delivery Mode Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior B Moeini F Besharati M.M Hazavehei : hazavehei@umsha.ac.ir A Moghimbeigi Abstract Introduction: Cesarean section (CS) delivery is more risky than normal vaginal one for both mothers and neonates. However, due to various reasons, the rate of CS is rising unfortunately. Unawareness and unfounded attitudes are among the more common reasons for this increasing rate of CS. Objective: To survey women’s attitudes toward elective delivery mode based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in Rasht, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out with 207 women referred to health centers in Rasht, using cluster sampling, in winter 2010. Questionnaires were used to collect the respective data which were analyzed by SPSS-13. Results: Findings showed that 43% of the women have had normal vaginal delivery, 36.2% caesarean section for medical reasons and 20.7% elective cesarean section. In the elective cesarean section group, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, evaluation result and perceived behavioral control were 42.56, 55.87, 60.33 and 47.28, respectively. The tendency of more than 70% of the women was CS absolutely while the two other groups favored normal delivery. All the three groups support the physician as the best source to consult for the selection of delivery mode. Conclusion: As demonstrated, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, evaluation result and perceived behavioral control for the women with elective cesarean section were lower than the corresponding scores for the two other groups. Since the majority of the women in the study were primiparous, appropriate strategies including training programs for pregnant women and young girls based on behavioral theories and models such as TPB, and counseling with families, arranged by health centers and the mass media can be suggested. Attitude Awareness Cesarean Section Natural Childbirth Pregnant Women 2011 10 01 68 76 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Seasonal Pattern of Preterm Birth M Mansourghanaei m_m_ghanaie@gums.ac.ir Abstract Introduction: Preterm birth is a complex condition and although its exact causes are still unknown, the risk factors can change with the seasons. Several hypotheses of how environmental factors may affect the length of gestation have been suggested. Accordingly, they are usually assumed to act instantaneously at the time of delivery. Objective: To assess the seasonal variations in the proportion of preterm births in Rasht, northern Iran Materials and Methods: We performed a descriptive analytic study using 1378-1388 registration data. The study population comprised 3770 live singleton births born within 20-37 weeks of gestation at Alzahra Maternity Hospital in Rasht, Guilan. Results: Out of 62841 deliveries, 3770 cases (5.99%) were preterm births. The highest and the lowest relative frequencies of preterm birth were in summer and autumn (6.65% and 5.34%, respectively) and the relative frequencies of preterm birth in the spring and winter were 5.93% and 6.06%, respectively. As revealed, the proportions of preterm births in Rasht with humid and temperate climate have a clear seasonal pattern with two peaks periodicity, first in summer and second in winter. The relative frequency of preterm birth can change with months of the year significantly (X2 (11) =96.57, P<0.001). The highest and the lowest relative frequencies were in June and October (7.17% and 5.19%, respectively) Conclusion: Establishing a seasonal pattern of preterm birth can have important implications for the planning of health care services. Developing knowledge about the respective bioenvironmental factors associated with preterm birth can play a critical role in reducing and surveillance of such conditions and the related complications. Gestational Age Labor Premature Season 2011 10 01 77 83 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 The Relationship between Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Otitis Media S.E Naghavi SH Nemati nemati@gums.ac.ir S.E Askari R Jafari Shakib A.R Kousha R Banan N Araghi M Shakiba F Bakhshi Abstract Introduction: Allergic inflammation in upper airways can act as a predisposing factor for infectious ear diseases. There are some evidences about the role of allergic rhinitis (AR) in chronic otitis media with effusion, but its role in establishing Chronic Supportive Otitis Media (CSOM) has not been clearly shown. Objective: To assess the relationship between allergic rhinitis and CSOM in patients referring to Amiralmomenin hospital, Rasht, Iran Materials and Methods: 61 adult patients with established CSOM were considered as case group and 58 patients with minor head and neck trauma as control group, they were evaluated for the presence of allergic rhinitis. All case and control group were over 15 years old and underwent skin prick test for 23 common regional aeroallergens. Allergic rhinitis was defined with positive symptoms and signs of AR and positive skin prick test. Results: Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 15(26.20%) and 8 (13.80%) of patients and controls, respectively (P=0.065).By logistic regression equation after corroding the age factor and the difference between two groups became significant (χ2=0.026, OR=3.27, CI=1.15 – 6.57). Indoor allergens, especially mites and molds, were the most prevalent allergens among both groups, but Outdoor allergens like grass pollen have a low prevalence. Conclusion: The prevalence of AR in the CSOM patients is more than the controls. Hypersensitivity Otitis Media with Effusion Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases Rhinitis 2011 10 01 84 89 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf
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Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences JGUMS 2383-4307 2423-4818 10.32598 2011 20 79 Investigating the Hygiene of Anzali Drinking Water Resources for Corrosion and Precipitation Potentials Using Corrosion Indexes M.A Jafari alijafari1362@gmail.com F Fallah A.H Hassani Abstract Introduction: Corrosion is a physical and chemical reaction occurring between a substance and its surrounding environment leading to the change in the substance properties. Nowadays, corrosion has become one of the biggest issues in water quality control and can financially damage the water pipes and other water transmission and distribution installations. In addition, the penetration of heavy metal into water as a result of corrosion can be a threat to the consumers’ health conditions. Because of such negative health effects, regular chemical quality control of water seems mandatory. Objective: To investigate the corrosion or precipitation potentials of drinking water in Anzali, which is supplied by Guilan water treatment plant and deep water wells. Materials and Methods: To do so, parameters including pH, temperature, calcium hardness, alkalinity and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were measured and based on their values, four indices including Langelier Saturation Index, Ryzner Saturation Index, Aggressive index and Pokurious index were determined. Results: As revealed, the average values for Langelier Saturation, Ryzner Saturation, Aggressive and Pokurious indices were respectively(-0.89), (9.29), (12.4) and (8.82). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that Anzali water resources have corrosion potential and are corrosive and thus can threaten the consumers’ health status in the long term. Chemical precipitation Water 2011 10 01 90 96 http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf