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Abstract Introduction: Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a tropical diseases caused by Leishmania major, which sandflies are vectors and rodents are reservoirs host. Turkmen Sahara after Isfahan, is the most important endemic disease focus in Iran. Objective: Determination of Leishmaniasis Infections in Rodents, Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leismaniasis in Turkemen Sahara, Gonbad, Golastan Province. Materials and Methods: Rodents were captured by live-capture tarps. Cucumber and sometimes date were used for bating. A part of rodents ears was used to have serousite. Serosite transferred into NNN media, A part of rodents ears was used for sliding and staining for amastigote detection and other part was used for inoculation to susceptible animal (Balb/c) in suspension form and biopsy was used. Results: 40 rodents were captured, 27 were Rhombomis opimus, 12 were Meriones libycus and one was Meriones persicus. Of 40 rodents captured, 5 were positive in routine laboratory methods which 3 positive were M. libycus, one was R. opimus and one was M. persicus. Conclusion: Besides these new findings in R.opimus as well as in M.libycus and M.persicus. These two rodents should be considered as reservoirs of ZCL in region.

Keywords: Leishmania, Major

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* Corresponding Author Address: Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IRAN

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