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Abstract Introduction: Septicemia is an important and common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Several factors such as genetic, social, hygienic and nutritional factors are effective on the frequency of bacterial pathogens in neonatal septicemia, several studies have performed to determine common pathogens in the different parts of the world. Objective: Comparison of neonatal bacterial septicemia in 2007 and 1998-2000 in the17 Shahrivar hospital of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and comparative study, 298 files of the newborns who were admitted had hospitalized with the probable diagnosis of septicemia in 2007 were collected we defined the cases with positive blood culture, the pathogens and antibiotic resistance to different antibiotics. We compared these results with the results of study which was performed between 1998-2000. Results: Among 298 hospitalized newborns, 31 cases had positive blood culture (10.4%). The most common pathogens were Entrobacter (77.4%), Klebsiella (6.5%) respectively. In the study of 1998, the most common pathogens were Ecoli 111 cases (59.7%), Entrobacter 47 cases (25.3%) klebsiella 17 cases (9.2%). There wasn't any significant relationship between mortality and sex, age, maturity and kind of delivery, but there was significant relationship between the pathogen and mortality, delivery, maturity, birth weight. There wasn't any significant relationship between sex and pathogen. Conclusion: According to the results of 2007 the most common pathogen was Entrobacter and treatment with effective antibiotics like Gentamycine (cost effective and easily available) and hygienic care in the neonatal care recommended to the eliminate the infectious factors especially Entrobacter.

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