Volume 33, Issue 3 (10-2024)
JGUMS 2024, 33(3): 258-269 |
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Behboudi H, Azaripour E. Glaucoma; Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Brief Review. JGUMS 2024; 33 (3) :258-269
URL: http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-2658-en.html
URL: http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-2658-en.html
1- Department of Eye, Eye Research Center, School of Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract: (1878 Views)
Background Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world. It is often asymptomatic until a relatively late stage. Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is very important.
Objective In this study, we aim to review the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms and diagnostic and treatment approaches for glaucoma.
Methods This is a review study. A search in Medline and PubMed databases was conducted for related studies published from 2000 to 2023.
Results Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy. The most common form of glaucoma in European countries is primary open-angle glaucoma, which affects about 2.2% of the population. The most important risk factors for its development are positive family history and old age. The most common form of glaucoma in Asian countries is primary angle-closure glaucoma. Its risk factors are Asian race, positive family history, and female gender. In most cases, the disease has no clinical symptoms until the end stages. Treatment methods include drug therapy, Laser therapy, and surgery.
Conclusion Glaucoma is asymptomatic until the final stages. Knowledge of the causes, risk factors, and diagnostic and treatment methods, especially in people with a positive family history and their timely referral to ophthalmologists are very important in preventing blindness caused by glaucoma.
Objective In this study, we aim to review the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms and diagnostic and treatment approaches for glaucoma.
Methods This is a review study. A search in Medline and PubMed databases was conducted for related studies published from 2000 to 2023.
Results Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy. The most common form of glaucoma in European countries is primary open-angle glaucoma, which affects about 2.2% of the population. The most important risk factors for its development are positive family history and old age. The most common form of glaucoma in Asian countries is primary angle-closure glaucoma. Its risk factors are Asian race, positive family history, and female gender. In most cases, the disease has no clinical symptoms until the end stages. Treatment methods include drug therapy, Laser therapy, and surgery.
Conclusion Glaucoma is asymptomatic until the final stages. Knowledge of the causes, risk factors, and diagnostic and treatment methods, especially in people with a positive family history and their timely referral to ophthalmologists are very important in preventing blindness caused by glaucoma.
Review Paper: Review paper |
Subject:
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Received: 2023/10/30 | Accepted: 2023/11/15 | Published: 2024/10/1
Received: 2023/10/30 | Accepted: 2023/11/15 | Published: 2024/10/1
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