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Background Exercise and plant-based diets (PBD) have been accepted as a suitable and non-pharmacological method to improve body composition, reduce metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. 
Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and PBD on body composition in adults with overweight and obesity.
Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases on related studies published in English until February 2023. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and PBD on body composition. Data analysis was performed using a random effect model. Also, the confidence interval (CI) of 95% was considered. Also, the I2 test was used to measure heterogeneity.
Results The meta-analysis of 19 studies on 3279 adults showed that combined aerobic exercise and PBD significantly reduced body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-5.05 kg; 95 %CI, -6.05%, -4.05%, P=0.001), body mass index (WMD=-1.29 kg/m2, 95% CI, -1.65%, -0.92%, P=0.001), body fat percentage (WMD=-3.04%, 95%CI: -4.13 to -1.95, P=0.001), and waist circumference (WMD=-3.36 cm, 95% CI, -5.98%, -0.68%, P=0.01) in adults with overweight and obesity. 
Conclusion The findings of studies showed the important role of aerobic exercise and PBD in reducing body fat percentage and improving body composition in adults with overweight or obesity. Therefore, aerobic exercise plus PBD are recommended as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce weight and improve body composition in obese adults.

Keywords: Obesity, Exercise, Plant-based diet, Body composition, Body mass index

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