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Asadi H, Ghamari Kivi H, Akhavi Samarien Z. Exploring Adolescent Girls' Experiences of Premenstrual Syndrome with an Emphasis on Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes: A Qualitative Study. JGUMS 2025; 34 (4) :424-437
URL: http://journal.gums.ac.ir/article-1-2774-en.html

Background Adolescence is a critical stage of life characterized by significant physical, psychological, and social changes. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a major challenge during this period, which can have various negative impacts on the mental and physical health of adolescent girls.
Objective This study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescent girls regarding PMS, emphasizing cultural beliefs and attitudes. 
Methods This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling was used, along with criterion sampling. Eighteen adolescent girls from middle and high school levels, who had experienced PMS, were interviewed using a semi-structured format. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method, and the validity of the findings was ensured through researcher triangulation and cross-checking the coding with other researchers.
Results Data analysis revealed that the experiences of adolescent girls with PMS were influenced by cultural beliefs and attitudes. The main themes identified were “cultural taboos and silence,” “negative consequences resulting from cultural beliefs,” and “cultural and social strategies for managing PMS symptoms.” The related subthemes included menstruation as a social taboo, social pressures to conceal PMS, the role of social judgment, shame and self-blame, and the influence of media and social support groups in reducing taboos and improving conditions. 
Conclusion The results show that negative cultural beliefs and attitudes about PMS can lead to increased stress, isolation, and reduced self-esteem in adolescent girls. Social support, education, and changing cultural attitudes can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of PMS. Additionally, media and social support groups can help reduce taboos and improve the experiences of adolescents with PMS.